我正在尝试让 Arch 在配备 GeForce 310 的旧计算机上运行。当我运行时startx，我得到No devices detected（完整日志如下）。计算机现在运行的是 Ubuntu，使用 nouveau 驱动程序可以正常工作。上述测试是在“持久实时 USB”上进行的（我在 USB 上安装了 arch，这样我就可以拥有一个带有自定义设置和软件包的实时 USB）。我的假设是，如果图形在实时环境中无法工作，那么它们在安装后可能就无法工作。所以我想让它在 USB 上工作，然后再破坏任何东西。
我尝试过 nouveau 驱动程序（xf86-video-nouveau、mesa 和 lib32-mesa）和专有驱动程序（nvidia-340xx-dkms）。每次结果都一样。我认为 nouveau 应该可以正常工作，因为它可以在 Ubuntu 上运行。
我可以从 Ubuntu 安装中获取任何信息来找出它的工作原理吗？我四处查看，/etc/X11但没有看到任何对我有用的东西。
lspci | grep VGA:
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GT218 [GeForce 310] (rev a2)
Xorg logs:
[ 59.231] (WW) Failed to open protocol names file lib/xorg/protocol.txt
[ 59.231]
X.Org X Server 1.20.6
X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0
[ 59.231] Build Operating System: Linux Arch Linux
[ 59.231] Current Operating System: Linux Portable 5.4.7-arch1-1 #1 SMP PREEMPT Tue, 31 Dec 2019 17:20:16 +0000 x86_64
[ 59.231] Kernel command line: \vmlinuz-linux rw root=UUID=a10ccf59-1dff-4f83-b81b-a9912113a42b initrd=initramfs-linux.img
[ 59.231] Build Date: 19 December 2019 06:52:37PM
[ 59.231]
[ 59.231] Current version of pixman: 0.38.4
[ 59.231] Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org
to make sure that you have the latest version.
[ 59.231] Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting,
(++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational,
(WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.
[ 59.232] (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Fri Jan 3 12:39:17 2020
[ 59.232] (==) Using config directory: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d"
[ 59.232] (==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d"
[ 59.232] (==) No Layout section. Using the first Screen section.
[ 59.232] (==) No screen section available. Using defaults.
[ 59.232] (**) |-->Screen "Default Screen Section" (0)
[ 59.232] (**) | |-->Monitor "<default monitor>"
[ 59.232] (==) No device specified for screen "Default Screen Section".
Using the first device section listed.
[ 59.232] (**) | |-->Device "Intel Graphics"
[ 59.232] (==) No monitor specified for screen "Default Screen Section".
Using a default monitor configuration.
[ 59.232] (==) Automatically adding devices
[ 59.232] (==) Automatically enabling devices
[ 59.232] (==) Automatically adding GPU devices
[ 59.232] (==) Automatically binding GPU devices
[ 59.232] (==) Max clients allowed: 256, resource mask: 0x1fffff
[ 59.232] (WW) `fonts.dir' not found (or not valid) in "/usr/share/fonts/misc".
[ 59.232] Entry deleted from font path.
[ 59.232] (Run 'mkfontdir' on "/usr/share/fonts/misc").
[ 59.232] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/TTF" does not exist.
[ 59.232] Entry deleted from font path.
[ 59.232] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/OTF" does not exist.
[ 59.232] Entry deleted from font path.
[ 59.232] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/Type1" does not exist.
[ 59.232] Entry deleted from font path.
[ 59.232] (==) FontPath set to:
/usr/share/fonts/100dpi,
/usr/share/fonts/75dpi
[ 59.232] (==) ModulePath set to "/usr/lib/xorg/modules"
[ 59.232] (II) The server relies on udev to provide the list of input devices.
If no devices become available, reconfigure udev or disable AutoAddDevices.
[ 59.232] (II) Module ABI versions:
[ 59.232] X.Org ANSI C Emulation: 0.4
[ 59.232] X.Org Video Driver: 24.0
[ 59.232] X.Org XInput driver : 24.1
[ 59.232] X.Org Server Extension : 10.0
[ 59.233] (++) using VT number 1
[ 59.235] (II) systemd-logind: took control of session /org/freedesktop/login1/session/_31
[ 59.236] (II) xfree86: Adding drm device (/dev/dri/card0)
[ 59.236] (II) systemd-logind: got fd for /dev/dri/card0 226:0 fd 10 paused 0
[ 59.239] (--) PCI:*(1@0:0:0) 10de:0a66:1462:1837 rev 162, Mem @ 0xfd000000/16777216, 0xc0000000/268435456, 0xd0000000/33554432, I/O @ 0x0000e000/128, BIOS @ 0x????????/131072
[ 59.240] (WW) Open ACPI failed (/var/run/acpid.socket) (No such file or directory)
[ 59.240] (II) LoadModule: "glx"
[ 59.240] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libglx.so
[ 59.241] (II) Module glx: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 59.241] compiled for 1.20.6, module version = 1.0.0
[ 59.241] ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 10.0
[ 59.241] (II) LoadModule: "intel"
[ 59.241] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/intel_drv.so
[ 59.241] (II) Module intel: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 59.241] compiled for 1.20.6, module version = 2.99.917
[ 59.241] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 59.241] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 24.0
[ 59.241] (II) intel: Driver for Intel(R) Integrated Graphics Chipsets:
i810, i810-dc100, i810e, i815, i830M, 845G, 854, 852GM/855GM, 865G,
915G, E7221 (i915), 915GM, 945G, 945GM, 945GME, Pineview GM,
Pineview G, 965G, G35, 965Q, 946GZ, 965GM, 965GME/GLE, G33, Q35, Q33,
GM45, 4 Series, G45/G43, Q45/Q43, G41, B43
[ 59.242] (II) intel: Driver for Intel(R) HD Graphics
[ 59.242] (II) intel: Driver for Intel(R) Iris(TM) Graphics
[ 59.242] (II) intel: Driver for Intel(R) Iris(TM) Pro Graphics
[ 59.242] (EE) No devices detected.
[ 59.242] (EE)
Fatal server error:
[ 59.242] (EE) no screens found(EE)
[ 59.242] (EE)
Please consult the The X.Org Foundation support
at http://wiki.x.org
for help.
[ 59.242] (EE) Please also check the log file at "/var/log/Xorg.0.log" for additional information.
[ 59.242] (EE)
[ 59.243] (EE) Server terminated with error (1). Closing log file.
编辑：
像这样显式加载nouveau驱动程序后，我得到以下登录信息/var/log/Xorg.0.log：
/etc/X11/xorg.conf:
Section "Device"
Identifier "My Graphics Card"
Driver "nouveau"
EndSection
[ 318.800] (WW) Failed to open protocol names file lib/xorg/protocol.txt
[ 318.801]
X.Org X Server 1.20.6
X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0
[ 318.803] Build Operating System: Linux Arch Linux
[ 318.803] Current Operating System: Linux Portable 5.4.7-arch1-1 #1 SMP PREEMPT Tue, 31 Dec 2019 17:20:16 +0000 x86_64
[ 318.803] Kernel command line: \vmlinuz-linux rw root=UUID=a10ccf59-1dff-4f83-b81b-a9912113a42b initrd=initramfs-linux.img
[ 318.805] Build Date: 19 December 2019 06:52:37PM
[ 318.805]
[ 318.806] Current version of pixman: 0.38.4
[ 318.807] Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org
to make sure that you have the latest version.
[ 318.807] Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting,
(++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational,
(WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.
[ 318.810] (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Mon Jan 6 15:37:06 2020
[ 318.811] (==) Using config file: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf"
[ 318.812] (==) Using config directory: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d"
[ 318.813] (==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d"
[ 318.813] (==) No Layout section. Using the first Screen section.
[ 318.813] (==) No screen section available. Using defaults.
[ 318.813] (**) |-->Screen "Default Screen Section" (0)
[ 318.813] (**) | |-->Monitor "<default monitor>"
[ 318.814] (==) No device specified for screen "Default Screen Section".
Using the first device section listed.
[ 318.814] (**) | |-->Device "Intel Graphics"
[ 318.814] (**) | |-->GPUDevice "My Graphics Card"
[ 318.814] (==) No monitor specified for screen "Default Screen Section".
Using a default monitor configuration.
[ 318.814] (==) Automatically adding devices
[ 318.814] (==) Automatically enabling devices
[ 318.814] (==) Automatically adding GPU devices
[ 318.814] (==) Automatically binding GPU devices
[ 318.814] (==) Max clients allowed: 256, resource mask: 0x1fffff
[ 318.814] (WW) `fonts.dir' not found (or not valid) in "/usr/share/fonts/misc".
[ 318.814] Entry deleted from font path.
[ 318.814] (Run 'mkfontdir' on "/usr/share/fonts/misc").
[ 318.814] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/TTF" does not exist.
[ 318.814] Entry deleted from font path.
[ 318.814] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/OTF" does not exist.
[ 318.814] Entry deleted from font path.
[ 318.814] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/Type1" does not exist.
[ 318.814] Entry deleted from font path.
[ 318.814] (==) FontPath set to:
/usr/share/fonts/100dpi,
/usr/share/fonts/75dpi
[ 318.814] (==) ModulePath set to "/usr/lib/xorg/modules"
[ 318.814] (II) The server relies on udev to provide the list of input devices.
If no devices become available, reconfigure udev or disable AutoAddDevices.
[ 318.814] (II) Module ABI versions:
[ 318.814] X.Org ANSI C Emulation: 0.4
[ 318.814] X.Org Video Driver: 24.0
[ 318.814] X.Org XInput driver : 24.1
[ 318.814] X.Org Server Extension : 10.0
[ 318.815] (++) using VT number 1
[ 318.818] (II) systemd-logind: took control of session /org/freedesktop/login1/session/_31
[ 318.820] (II) xfree86: Adding drm device (/dev/dri/card0)
[ 318.821] (II) systemd-logind: got fd for /dev/dri/card0 226:0 fd 10 paused 0
[ 318.830] (--) PCI:*(1@0:0:0) 10de:0a66:1462:1837 rev 162, Mem @ 0xfd000000/16777216, 0xc0000000/268435456, 0xd0000000/33554432, I/O @ 0x0000e000/128, BIOS @ 0x????????/131072
[ 318.830] (WW) Open ACPI failed (/var/run/acpid.socket) (No such file or directory)
[ 318.830] (II) LoadModule: "glx"
[ 318.831] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libglx.so
[ 318.835] (II) Module glx: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 318.835] compiled for 1.20.6, module version = 1.0.0
[ 318.835] ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 10.0
[ 318.835] (II) LoadModule: "intel"
[ 318.835] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/intel_drv.so
[ 318.835] (II) Module intel: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 318.835] compiled for 1.20.6, module version = 2.99.917
[ 318.835] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 318.835] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 24.0
[ 318.835] (II) LoadModule: "nouveau"
[ 318.836] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/nouveau_drv.so
[ 318.836] (II) Module nouveau: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 318.836] compiled for 1.20.3, module version = 1.0.16
[ 318.836] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 318.836] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 24.0
[ 318.836] (II) intel: Driver for Intel(R) Integrated Graphics Chipsets:
i810, i810-dc100, i810e, i815, i830M, 845G, 854, 852GM/855GM, 865G,
915G, E7221 (i915), 915GM, 945G, 945GM, 945GME, Pineview GM,
Pineview G, 965G, G35, 965Q, 946GZ, 965GM, 965GME/GLE, G33, Q35, Q33,
GM45, 4 Series, G45/G43, Q45/Q43, G41, B43
[ 318.837] (II) intel: Driver for Intel(R) HD Graphics
[ 318.837] (II) intel: Driver for Intel(R) Iris(TM) Graphics
[ 318.837] (II) intel: Driver for Intel(R) Iris(TM) Pro Graphics
[ 318.837] (II) NOUVEAU driver
[ 318.837] (II) NOUVEAU driver for NVIDIA chipset families :
[ 318.837] RIVA TNT (NV04)
[ 318.837] RIVA TNT2 (NV05)
[ 318.837] GeForce 256 (NV10)
[ 318.837] GeForce 2 (NV11, NV15)
[ 318.837] GeForce 4MX (NV17, NV18)
[ 318.837] GeForce 3 (NV20)
[ 318.837] GeForce 4Ti (NV25, NV28)
[ 318.837] GeForce FX (NV3x)
[ 318.837] GeForce 6 (NV4x)
[ 318.837] GeForce 7 (G7x)
[ 318.837] GeForce 8 (G8x)
[ 318.837] GeForce 9 (G9x)
[ 318.838] GeForce GTX 2xx/3xx (GT2xx)
[ 318.838] GeForce GTX 4xx/5xx (GFxxx)
[ 318.838] GeForce GTX 6xx/7xx (GKxxx)
[ 318.838] GeForce GTX 9xx (GMxxx)
[ 318.838] GeForce GTX 10xx (GPxxx)
[ 318.838] (II) [drm] nouveau interface version: 1.3.1
[ 318.838] (EE) No devices detected.
[ 318.838] (EE)
Fatal server error:
[ 318.838] (EE) no screens found(EE)
[ 318.838] (EE)
Please consult the The X.Org Foundation support
at http://wiki.x.org
for help.
[ 318.838] (EE) Please also check the log file at "/var/log/Xorg.0.log" for additional information.
[ 318.838] (EE)
[ 318.840] (EE) Server terminated with error (1). Closing log file.
nouveau 驱动程序确实已加载，但仍然找不到我的显卡。