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Google 如何绕过 IP 路由？

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Google 如何绕过 IP 路由？

在Google 公共 DNS 性能优势页面，他们声称

在 Google 公共 DNS 中，我们实施了多种方法来加快 DNS 查找时间。其中一些方法是相当标准的；其他方法是实验性的：

  • 为所有用户提供全球覆盖。

但如果我们对他们的 IP 地址进行地理定位8.8.8.8和8.8.4.4我们看到他们是从山景城 (Mountain View) 得到服务的。

通过测量来自巴西的延迟，我发现

  • 我的 ISP 的 DNS 在 13 毫秒内做出响应
  • Google 的 DNS 在 20 毫秒内做出响应
  • 开放DNS在旧金山平均 130 毫秒内回答

这怎么可能？如果 IP 路由方案指向加利福尼亚，他们怎么能从巴西的服务器进行响应呢？

答案1

地址只是拥有位于山景城的一家公司（谷歌公司）WHOIS 信息来自 ARIN。但它们的服务范围是 Google 决定宣布通往该范围的路线的任意位置。

对于他们的 DNS 服务器，Google 使用任播，而同样的地址实际上可以被路由到几个不同的位置：

在互联网上，任播通常是通过使用 BGP 从互联网上的许多不同位置同时通告相同的目标 IP 地址范围来实现的

这是该路由的 BGP 条目：

BGP routing table entry for 8.8.8.0/24, version 50533132
Paths: (18 available, best #12, table Default-IP-Routing-Table)
  Not advertised to any peer
  7018 15169, (received & used)
    12.123.137.124 from 12.123.137.124 (12.123.137.124)
      Origin IGP, localpref 100, valid, external
      Community: 7018:2500 7018:37232
  7018 15169, (received & used)
    12.123.139.124 from 12.123.139.124 (12.123.139.124)
      Origin IGP, localpref 100, valid, external
      Community: 7018:2500 7018:34011
  7018 15169, (received & used)
    12.123.145.124 from 12.123.145.124 (12.123.145.124)
      Origin IGP, localpref 100, valid, external
      Community: 7018:2500 7018:33051
  7018 15169, (received & used)
    12.123.21.243 from 12.123.21.243 (12.123.21.243)
      Origin IGP, localpref 100, valid, external
      Community: 7018:2500 7018:39343
  7018 15169, (received & used)
    12.123.13.241 from 12.123.13.241 (12.123.13.241)
      Origin IGP, localpref 100, valid, external
      Community: 7018:2500 7018:32112
  7018 15169, (received & used)
    12.123.9.241 from 12.123.9.241 (12.123.9.241)
      Origin IGP, localpref 100, valid, external
      Community: 7018:2500 7018:38001
  7018 15169, (received & used)
    12.123.133.124 from 12.123.133.124 (12.123.133.124)
      Origin IGP, localpref 100, valid, external
      Community: 7018:2500 7018:36244
  7018 15169, (received & used)
    12.123.5.240 from 12.123.5.240 (12.123.5.240)
      Origin IGP, localpref 100, valid, external
      Community: 7018:2500 7018:34011
  7018 15169, (received & used)
    12.123.134.124 from 12.123.134.124 (12.123.134.124)
      Origin IGP, localpref 100, valid, external
      Community: 7018:2500 7018:36244
  7018 15169, (received & used)
    12.123.142.124 from 12.123.142.124 (12.123.142.124)
      Origin IGP, localpref 100, valid, external
      Community: 7018:2500 7018:33051
  7018 15169, (received & used)
    12.123.17.244 from 12.123.17.244 (12.123.17.244)
      Origin IGP, localpref 100, valid, external
      Community: 7018:2500 7018:36244
  7018 15169, (received & used)
    12.123.1.236 from 12.123.1.236 (12.123.1.236)
      Origin IGP, localpref 100, valid, external, best
      Community: 7018:2500 7018:37232
  7018 15169, (received & used)
    12.123.37.250 from 12.123.37.250 (12.123.37.250)
      Origin IGP, localpref 100, valid, external
      Community: 7018:2500 7018:36244
  7018 15169, (received & used)
    12.123.45.252 from 12.123.45.252 (12.123.45.252)
      Origin IGP, localpref 100, valid, external
      Community: 7018:2500 7018:32112
  7018 15169, (received & used)
    12.123.33.249 from 12.123.33.249 (12.123.33.249)
      Origin IGP, localpref 100, valid, external
      Community: 7018:2500 7018:39220
  7018 15169, (received & used)
    12.123.25.245 from 12.123.25.245 (12.123.25.245)
      Origin IGP, localpref 100, valid, external
      Community: 7018:2500 7018:34011
  7018 15169, (received & used)
    12.123.41.250 from 12.123.41.250 (12.123.41.250)
      Origin IGP, localpref 100, valid, external
      Community: 7018:2500 7018:37232
  7018 15169, (received & used)
    12.123.29.249 from 12.123.29.249 (12.123.29.249)
      Origin IGP, localpref 100, valid, external
      Community: 7018:2500 7018:33051

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