我正在尝试在 Ubuntu PC 上安装辅助/从属 SATA 硬盘驱动器。新驱动器容量为 2Tb。我可以安装 1T 驱动器，但是当我尝试新的 2T 磁盘时，它无法被识别。起初我认为驱动器有问题并更换了它。替换的行为方式相同，让我认为存在系统问题/疏忽。
在 BIOS 中，SATA 模式设置为 AHCI。其他选项（IDE 和 RAID 模式）均被禁用。 2tb 硬盘似乎没有出现在启动选项中。我认为就是主驱动器和 DVD 驱动器。
难道是BIOS或者主板不支持2T硬盘吗？主板是华硕P8Z68-M Pro，BIOS版本是0402。
“sudo fdisk -l”仅显示主驱动器，而不显示第二个磁盘：
Disk /dev/sdb: 931,5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xdd82f21f
Dispositivo Inicializar Start Fim Setores Size Id Tipo
/dev/sdb1 * 2048 1928396799 1928394752 919,5G 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 1928398846 1953523711 25124866 12G 5 Estendida
/dev/sdb5 1928398848 1953523711 25124864 12G 82 Linux swap /
lspci 返回：
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09)
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200/2nd Generation Core Processor Family PCI Express Root Port (rev 09)
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 (rev 04)
00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 05)
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller (rev 05)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev b5)
00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 5 (rev b5)
00:1c.5 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 PCI Bridge (rev b5)
00:1c.6 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 7 (rev b5)
00:1c.7 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 8 (rev b5)
00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 05)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Z68 Express Chipset Family LPC Controller (rev 05)
00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family SATA AHCI Controller (rev 05)
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller (rev 05)
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GF119 [GeForce GT 520] (rev a1)
01:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation GF119 HDMI Audio Controller (rev a1)
03:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 06)
04:00.0 PCI bridge: ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM1083/1085 PCIe to PCI Bridge (rev 01)
05:01.0 Multimedia audio controller: Xilinx Corporation RME Hammerfall DSP (rev 11)
06:00.0 SATA controller: ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM1062 Serial ATA Controller (rev 01)
07:00.0 USB controller: ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM1042 SuperSpeed USB Host Controller
答案1
到目前为止，我会解释一下 dmesg：
[ 0.984980] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: AHCI 0001.0300 32 slots 6 ports 6 Gbps 0x1c impl SATA mode
[ 0.984986] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: flags: 64bit ncq sntf pm led clo pio slum part ems apst
[ 0.989635] scsi host0: ahci
[ 0.989751] scsi host1: ahci
[ 0.989842] scsi host2: ahci
[ 0.989979] scsi host3: ahci
[ 0.990083] scsi host4: ahci
[ 0.990176] scsi host5: ahci
[ 0.990228] ata1: DUMMY
[ 0.990229] ata2: DUMMY
[ 0.990233] ata3: SATA max UDMA/133 abar m2048@0xfb405000 port 0xfb405200 irq 38
[ 0.990236] ata4: SATA max UDMA/133 abar m2048@0xfb405000 port 0xfb405280 irq 38
[ 0.990239] ata5: SATA max UDMA/133 abar m2048@0xfb405000 port 0xfb405300 irq 38
[ 0.990240] ata6: DUMMY
您的第一个控制器（Intel 控制器）具有 6 个 SATA 端口，其中 3 个可供设备使用。
[ 0.990382] ahci 0000:06:00.0: SSS flag set, parallel bus scan disabled
[ 0.990426] ahci 0000:06:00.0: AHCI 0001.0200 32 slots 2 ports 6 Gbps 0x3 impl SATA mode
[ 0.990430] ahci 0000:06:00.0: flags: 64bit ncq sntf stag led clo pmp pio slum part ccc sxs
[ 0.990742] scsi host6: ahci
[ 0.990837] scsi host7: ahci
[ 0.990888] ata7: SATA max UDMA/133 abar m512@0xfb200000 port 0xfb200100 irq 39
[ 0.990892] ata8: SATA max UDMA/133 abar m512@0xfb200000 port 0xfb200180
您的第二个控制器（ASmedia 控制器）有 2 个端口，其中所有 2 个端口都可供设备使用。
你的lscsi输出
$ lsscsi
[2:0:0:0] disk ATA ST2000DM006 CC26 /dev/sda
[3:0:0:0] cd/dvd HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GH22NS70 EX01 /dev/sr0
[4:0:0:0] disk ATA ST1000NM0011 SN03 /dev/sdb
仅显示三个设备，这是完整列表吗？请注意，对sda和 的分配sdb不必按此顺序发生，您不能依赖于此。在执行任何操作之前，请务必先查看哪个磁盘是哪个磁盘。有多种方法可以区分它们。
[ 1.294992] ata3: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
[ 1.295224] ata3.00: failed to read native max address (err_mask=0x1)
[ 1.295226] ata3.00: HPA support seems broken, skipping HPA handling
[ 1.295229] ata3.00: ATA-8: ST2000DM006, CC26, max UDMA/133
[ 1.295230] ata3.00: 8089950 sectors, multi 16: LBA48 NCQ (depth 31/32)
[ 1.295455] ata3.00: configured for UDMA/133 (device error ignored)
[ 1.295666] scsi 2:0:0:0: Direct-Access ATA ST2000DM006 CC26 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
[ 1.295830] sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] 8089950 512-byte logical blocks: (4.14 GB/3.86 GiB)
[ 1.295849] sd 2:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg0 type 0
这是第一个磁盘，报告为 4 GB，这是错误的，因为读取磁盘大小的命令期间出现错误。
该磁盘在 dmesg 日志的其余部分中继续给出错误。
这是您的第二个磁盘：
[ 1.296244] ata5: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
[ 1.297043] ata5.00: ATA-8: ST1000NM0011, SN03, max UDMA/133
[ 1.297045] ata5.00: 1953525168 sectors, multi 16: LBA48 NCQ (depth 31/32)
[ 1.297996] ata5.00: configured for UDMA/133
[ 1.327292] scsi 4:0:0:0: Direct-Access ATA ST1000NM0011 SN03 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
[ 1.327494] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] 1953525168 512-byte logical blocks: (1.00 TB/932 GiB)
[ 1.327517] sd 4:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0
[ 1.327605] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off
[ 1.327609] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
[ 1.327652] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
这是第二个磁盘，容量为 1 TB，运行良好，不再出现错误。
因此，您的 2TB 磁盘和 SATA 控制器之间的通信存在严重问题：命令不起作用、给出错误结果等。尝试将此磁盘依次连接到其他四个端口，看看是否会发生同样的情况。尝试不同的SATA电缆，看看电缆是否损坏。确保接触良好。
它可以是磁盘、控制器或连接；现阶段很难说。
编辑
在新版本中dmesg，第一张卡的端口分配不同，并具有不同的端口寄存器偏移量，这显然很奇怪：
[ 0.969158] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: version 3.0
[ 0.979912] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: AHCI 0001.0300 32 slots 6 ports 6 Gbps 0x1b impl SATA mode
[ 0.979919] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: flags: 64bit ncq sntf pm led clo pio slum part ems apst
[ 0.987156] ata1: SATA max UDMA/133 abar m2048@0xfb405000 port 0xfb405100 irq 38
[ 0.987159] ata2: SATA max UDMA/133 abar m2048@0xfb405000 port 0xfb405180 irq 38
[ 0.987160] ata3: DUMMY
[ 0.987162] ata4: SATA max UDMA/133 abar m2048@0xfb405000 port 0xfb405280 irq 38
[ 0.987165] ata5: SATA max UDMA/133 abar m2048@0xfb405000 port 0xfb405300 irq 38
[ 0.987166] ata6: DUMMY
如果主板上的端口是硬连线的，则它应该始终是相同的分配。这很奇怪，值得在内核开发错误跟踪器列表上报告错误，即使它是正确的并且他们向您解释了为什么它是正确的。ahci 应该相当标准。
无论如何，在第二个 中dmesg，2 TB 磁盘被正确识别并分配给/dev/sda，
[ 1.292843] ata1.00: ATA-9: ST2000DM006-2DM164, CC26, max UDMA/133
[ 1.292846] ata1.00: 3907029168 sectors, multi 16: LBA48 NCQ (depth 31/32), AA
[ 1.294113] scsi 0:0:0:0: Direct-Access ATA ST2000DM006-2DM1 CC26 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
[ 1.294307] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 3907029168 512-byte logical blocks: (2.00 TB/1.82 TiB)
[ 1.294317] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 4096-byte physical blocks
[ 1.294320] sd 0:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg0 type 0
[ 1.294425] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
[ 1.294428] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
[ 1.294456] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support
[ 1.363542] sda: sda1
[ 1.363976] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk
并且分区表读取正确，并且我没有看到任何进一步的错误。当您尝试使用它时会发生什么？