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awk/sed/perl oneliner + 如何仅打印 json 文件中的属性行

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awk/sed/perl oneliner + 如何仅打印 json 文件中的属性行

如何仅打印 json 文件中的属性行

json 文件示例

{
  "href" : "http://master02:8080/api/v1/clusters/HDP/configurations?type=kafka-env&tag=version1527250007610",
  "items" : [
    {
      "href" : "http://master02:8080/api/v1/clusters/HDP/configurations?type=kafka-env&tag=version1527250007610",
      "tag" : "version1527250007610",
      "type" : "kafka-env",
      "version" : 8,
      "Config" : {
        "cluster_name" : "HDP",
        "stack_id" : "HDP-2.6"
      },
      "properties" : {
        "content" : "\n#!/bin/bash\n\n# Set KAFKA specific environment variables here.\n\n# The java implementation to use.\nexport JAVA_HOME={{java64_home}}\nexport PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin\nexport PID_DIR={{kafka_pid_dir}}\nexport LOG_DIR={{kafka_log_dir}}\nexport KAFKA_KERBEROS_PARAMS={{kafka_kerberos_params}}\nexport JMX_PORT=9997\n# Add kafka sink to classpath and related depenencies\nif [ -e \"/usr/lib/ambari-metrics-kafka-sink/ambari-metrics-kafka-sink.jar\" ]; then\n  export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:/usr/lib/ambari-metrics-kafka-sink/ambari-metrics-kafka-sink.jar\n  export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:/usr/lib/ambari-metrics-kafka-sink/lib/*\nfi\n\nif [ -f /etc/kafka/conf/kafka-ranger-env.sh ]; then\n. /etc/kafka/conf/kafka-ranger-env.sh\nfi",
        "is_supported_kafka_ranger" : "true",
        "kafka_log_dir" : "/var/log/kafka",
        "kafka_pid_dir" : "/var/run/kafka",
        "kafka_user" : "kafka",
        "kafka_user_nofile_limit" : "128000",
        "kafka_user_nproc_limit" : "65536"
      }
    }
  ]

预期产出

    "content" : "\n#!/bin/bash\n\n# Set KAFKA specific environment variables here.\n\n# The java implementation to use.\nexport JAVA_HOME={{java64_home}}\nexport PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin\nexport PID_DIR={{kafka_pid_dir}}\nexport LOG_DIR={{kafka_log_dir}}\nexport KAFKA_KERBEROS_PARAMS={{kafka_kerberos_params}}\nexport JMX_PORT=9997\n# Add kafka sink to classpath and related depenencies\nif [ -e \"/usr/lib/ambari-metrics-kafka-sink/ambari-metrics-kafka-sink.jar\" ]; then\n  export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:/usr/lib/ambari-metrics-kafka-sink/ambari-metrics-kafka-sink.jar\n  export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:/usr/lib/ambari-metrics-kafka-sink/lib/*\nfi\n\nif [ -f /etc/kafka/conf/kafka-ranger-env.sh ]; then\n. /etc/kafka/conf/kafka-ranger-env.sh\nfi",
    "is_supported_kafka_ranger" : "true",
    "kafka_log_dir" : "/var/log/kafka",
    "kafka_pid_dir" : "/var/run/kafka",
    "kafka_user" : "kafka",
    "kafka_user_nofile_limit" : "128000",
    "kafka_user_nproc_limit" : "65536"

答案1

Jq是处理 JSON 数据的正确工具：

jq '.items[].properties | to_entries[] | "\(.key) : \(.value)"' input.json

输出：

"content : \n#!/bin/bash\n\n# Set KAFKA specific environment variables here.\n\n# The java implementation to use.\nexport JAVA_HOME={{java64_home}}\nexport PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin\nexport PID_DIR={{kafka_pid_dir}}\nexport LOG_DIR={{kafka_log_dir}}\nexport KAFKA_KERBEROS_PARAMS={{kafka_kerberos_params}}\nexport JMX_PORT=9997\n# Add kafka sink to classpath and related depenencies\nif [ -e \"/usr/lib/ambari-metrics-kafka-sink/ambari-metrics-kafka-sink.jar\" ]; then\n  export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:/usr/lib/ambari-metrics-kafka-sink/ambari-metrics-kafka-sink.jar\n  export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:/usr/lib/ambari-metrics-kafka-sink/lib/*\nfi\n\nif [ -f /etc/kafka/conf/kafka-ranger-env.sh ]; then\n. /etc/kafka/conf/kafka-ranger-env.sh\nfi"
"is_supported_kafka_ranger : true"
"kafka_log_dir : /var/log/kafka"
"kafka_pid_dir : /var/run/kafka"
"kafka_user : kafka"
"kafka_user_nofile_limit : 128000"
"kafka_user_nproc_limit : 65536"

如果确实必须获取双引号中的每个键和值 - 请使用以下修改：

jq -r '.items[].properties | to_entries[]
       | "\"\(.key)\" : \"\(.value | gsub("\n";"\\n"))\","' input.json

输出：

"content" : "\n#!/bin/bash\n\n# Set KAFKA specific environment variables here.\n\n# The java implementation to use.\nexport JAVA_HOME={{java64_home}}\nexport PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin\nexport PID_DIR={{kafka_pid_dir}}\nexport LOG_DIR={{kafka_log_dir}}\nexport KAFKA_KERBEROS_PARAMS={{kafka_kerberos_params}}\nexport JMX_PORT=9997\n# Add kafka sink to classpath and related depenencies\nif [ -e "/usr/lib/ambari-metrics-kafka-sink/ambari-metrics-kafka-sink.jar" ]; then\n  export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:/usr/lib/ambari-metrics-kafka-sink/ambari-metrics-kafka-sink.jar\n  export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:/usr/lib/ambari-metrics-kafka-sink/lib/*\nfi\n\nif [ -f /etc/kafka/conf/kafka-ranger-env.sh ]; then\n. /etc/kafka/conf/kafka-ranger-env.sh\nfi",
"is_supported_kafka_ranger" : "true",
"kafka_log_dir" : "/var/log/kafka",
"kafka_pid_dir" : "/var/run/kafka",
"kafka_user" : "kafka",
"kafka_user_nofile_limit" : "128000",
"kafka_user_nproc_limit" : "65536",

答案2

请不要养成使用非结构化工具解析结构化数据的习惯。如果您正在解析 XML、JSON、YAML 等，请使用特定的解析器，至少将结构化数据转换为更适合 AWK等的形式sed。grep

在这种情况下，gron会有很大帮助：

$ gron yourfile | grep -F .properties.
json.items[0].properties.content = "\n#!/bin/bash\n\n# Set KAFKA specific environment variables here.\n\n# The java implementation to use.\nexport JAVA_HOME={{java64_home}}\nexport PATH=/usr/lib/ccache:/home/steve/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/games:/bin\nexport PID_DIR={{kafka_pid_dir}}\nexport LOG_DIR={{kafka_log_dir}}\nexport KAFKA_KERBEROS_PARAMS={{kafka_kerberos_params}}\nexport JMX_PORT=9997\n# Add kafka sink to classpath and related depenencies\nif [ -e \"/usr/lib/ambari-metrics-kafka-sink/ambari-metrics-kafka-sink.jar\" ]; then\n  export CLASSPATH=:/usr/lib/ambari-metrics-kafka-sink/ambari-metrics-kafka-sink.jar\n  export CLASSPATH=:/usr/lib/ambari-metrics-kafka-sink/lib/*\nfi\n\nif [ -f /etc/kafka/conf/kafka-ranger-env.sh ]; then\n. /etc/kafka/conf/kafka-ranger-env.sh\nfi";
json.items[0].properties.is_supported_kafka_ranger = "true";
json.items[0].properties.kafka_log_dir = "/var/log/kafka";
json.items[0].properties.kafka_pid_dir = "/var/run/kafka";
json.items[0].properties.kafka_user = "kafka";
json.items[0].properties.kafka_user_nofile_limit = "128000";
json.items[0].properties.kafka_user_nproc_limit = "65536";

（您可以对其进行后处理，| cut -d. -f4- | gron --ungron以获得非常接近您所需的输出，尽管仍然是有效的 JSON。）

jq是也合适。

答案3

从Sed - Bruce Barnett 的介绍和教程:

sed -n '/properties/,/}$/ {
            /properties/n
            /}$/ !p
        }' FILE.json

为了更精确的匹配，并处理带有额外空格的右括号行，您可以使用

sed -E -n '/"properties" : {/,/^[[:blank:]]*}[[:blank:]]$/ {
               /"properties" : {/n
               /^[[:blank:]]*}[[:blank:]]$/ !p
           }' FILE.json

答案4

它被标记为perl，但我还没有看到perl答案，所以我来补充一下。

不要使用正则表达式或其他“非结构化”解析器。perl有JSON模块。 （JSON::PP从 5.14 开始也是核心的一部分）

#!/usr/bin/env perl

use strict;
use warnings;
use JSON;
use Data::Dumper;

my $str = do { local $/; <DATA> };

my $json = decode_json ( $str );

my $properties = $json -> {items} -> [0] -> {properties}; 

#dump the whole lot:
print Dumper $properties;


# or iterate
foreach my $key ( sort keys %$properties ) { 
   print "$key => ", $properties -> {$key},"\n";
}


__DATA__
{
  "href" : "http://master02:8080/api/v1/clusters/HDP/configurations?type=kafka-env&tag=version1527250007610",
  "items" : [
    {
      "href" : "http://master02:8080/api/v1/clusters/HDP/configurations?type=kafka-env&tag=version1527250007610",
      "tag" : "version1527250007610",
      "type" : "kafka-env",
      "version" : 8,
      "Config" : {
        "cluster_name" : "HDP",
        "stack_id" : "HDP-2.6"
      },
      "properties" : {
        "content" : "\n#!/bin/bash\n\n# Set KAFKA specific environment variables here.\n\n# The java implementation to use.\nexport JAVA_HOME={{java64_home}}\nexport PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin\nexport PID_DIR={{kafka_pid_dir}}\nexport LOG_DIR={{kafka_log_dir}}\nexport KAFKA_KERBEROS_PARAMS={{kafka_kerberos_params}}\nexport JMX_PORT=9997\n# Add kafka sink to classpath and related depenencies\nif [ -e \"/usr/lib/ambari-metrics-kafka-sink/ambari-metrics-kafka-sink.jar\" ]; then\n  export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:/usr/lib/ambari-metrics-kafka-sink/ambari-metrics-kafka-sink.jar\n  export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:/usr/lib/ambari-metrics-kafka-sink/lib/*\nfi\n\nif [ -f /etc/kafka/conf/kafka-ranger-env.sh ]; then\n. /etc/kafka/conf/kafka-ranger-env.sh\nfi",
        "is_supported_kafka_ranger" : "true",
        "kafka_log_dir" : "/var/log/kafka",
        "kafka_pid_dir" : "/var/run/kafka",
        "kafka_user" : "kafka",
        "kafka_user_nofile_limit" : "128000",
        "kafka_user_nproc_limit" : "65536"
      }
    }
  ]
}

当然，您会读取STDIN文件名，而不是DATA在实际使用场景中。

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