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Debian Stretch 希望在启用向后移植后升级主软件包

tag-icon • tag-icon debian apt upgrade backports
Debian Stretch 希望在启用向后移植后升级主软件包

证书机器人要求我激活stretch-backports 来安装它。所以在有了之后

$ cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/backports.list
deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian stretch-backports main

并做了sudo apt update我得到的

$ apt list --upgradable
Listing... Done
libpam-systemd/stretch-backports 237-3~bpo9+1 amd64 [upgradable from: 232-25+deb9u3]
libsystemd0/stretch-backports 237-3~bpo9+1 amd64 [upgradable from: 232-25+deb9u3]
libudev1/stretch-backports 237-3~bpo9+1 amd64 [upgradable from: 232-25+deb9u3]
systemd/stretch-backports 237-3~bpo9+1 amd64 [upgradable from: 232-25+deb9u3]
systemd-sysv/stretch-backports 237-3~bpo9+1 amd64 [upgradable from: 232-25+deb9u3]
udev/stretch-backports 237-3~bpo9+1 amd64 [upgradable from: 232-25+deb9u3]

$ sudo apt upgrade
[...]
The following packages have been kept back:
  systemd-sysv
The following packages will be upgraded:
  libpam-systemd libsystemd0 libudev1 systemd udev
5 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
Need to get 4,795 kB of archives.
After this operation, 2,540 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

看起来它确实会继续更新提到的软件包。

然而，从这个答案， 我引用：

来自反向移植的软件包永远不是从主存储库升级的有效安装候选者，仅适用于从反向移植软件包的先前版本升级；因此，虽然apt list --upgradable将其列为可升级包，apt upgrade但不会考虑将其升级。您可以在输出中看到这一点apt-cache policy

所以检查

$ apt policy systemd
systemd:
  Installed: 232-25+deb9u3
  Candidate: 237-3~bpo9+1
  Version table:
     237-3~bpo9+1 100
        100 http://ftp.debian.org/debian stretch-backports/main amd64 Packages
 *** 232-25+deb9u3 100
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     232-25+deb9u2 500
        500 http://ftp.debian.org/debian stretch/main amd64 Packages

似乎向后移植版本对于升级有效。

如何仅对那些最初从向后移植（即通过apt -t stretch-backports）安装的软件包启用从向后移植升级？

编辑：我的sources.list

$ cat /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian stretch main
deb-src http://ftp.debian.org/debian stretch main

deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security stretch/updates main contrib
deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security stretch/updates main contrib

答案1

您不需要启用任何功能来强制执行向后移植的记录行为，但您确实需要确保系统知道您安装的软件包来自哪里。在您的情况下，您有一个systemdfrom版本stretch/updates，但您的来源没有引用该版本，因此apt给已安装版本的systemd分数为 100，小于或等于向后移植分数（请参阅您的apt policy输出）。

要解决此问题，请确保您/etc/apt/sources.list有 的条目stretch-updates，例如

deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian stretch-updates main
deb-src http://ftp.debian.org/debian stretch-updates main

然后您应该看到apt policy systemd以下结果：

systemd:
  Installed: 232-25+deb9u3
  Candidate: 232-25+deb9u3
  Version table:
     237-3~bpo9+1 100
        100 http://ftp.debian.org/debian stretch-backports/main amd64 Packages
 *** 232-25+deb9u3 500
        500 http://ftp.debian.org/debian stretch-updates/main amd64 Packages
        100 /usr/var/lib/dpkg/status
     232-25+deb9u2 500
        500 http://ftp.debian.org/debian stretch/main amd64 Packages

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