我已经设置了一个邮件服务器如下https://thomas-leister.de/en/mailserver-debian-stretch/当尝试连接客户端 (Outlook 365) 时，它无法连接到 SMTP 服务器。使用完整的 Dovecot 详细信息检查 mail.log，看起来它正在验证 IMAP，然后立即关闭连接。
这是我尝试连接客户端一次时的 mail.log。
Jun 21 07:53:50 mail dovecot: master: Warning: Killed with signal 15 (by pid=10163 uid=0 code=kill)
Jun 21 07:53:50 mail dovecot: imap([email protected]): Server shutting down. in=152 out=2220
Jun 21 07:53:50 mail dovecot: master: Dovecot v2.2.27 (c0f36b0) starting up for imap, lmtp, sieve (core dumps disabled)
Jun 21 07:53:56 mail postfix[10184]: Postfix is running with backwards-compatible default settings
Jun 21 07:53:56 mail postfix[10184]: See http://www.postfix.org/COMPATIBILITY_README.html for details
Jun 21 07:53:56 mail postfix[10184]: To disable backwards compatibility use "postconf compatibility_level=2" and "postfix reload"
Jun 21 07:53:56 mail postfix/postfix-script[10190]: stopping the Postfix mail system
Jun 21 07:53:56 mail postfix/master[5066]: terminating on signal 15
Jun 21 07:53:56 mail postfix[10253]: Postfix is running with backwards-compatible default settings
Jun 21 07:53:56 mail postfix[10253]: See http://www.postfix.org/COMPATIBILITY_README.html for details
Jun 21 07:53:56 mail postfix[10253]: To disable backwards compatibility use "postconf compatibility_level=2" and "postfix reload"
Jun 21 07:53:57 mail postfix/postfix-script[10352]: starting the Postfix mail system
Jun 21 07:53:57 mail postfix/master[10354]: daemon started -- version 3.1.8, configuration /etc/postfix
Jun 21 07:54:00 mail dovecot: auth: Debug: Loading modules from directory: /usr/lib/dovecot/modules/auth
Jun 21 07:54:00 mail dovecot: auth: Debug: Module loaded: /usr/lib/dovecot/modules/auth/libdriver_mysql.so
Jun 21 07:54:00 mail dovecot: auth: Debug: Read auth token secret from /var/run/dovecot/auth-token-secret.dat
Jun 21 07:54:00 mail dovecot: auth: Debug: auth client connected (pid=10359)
Jun 21 07:54:00 mail dovecot: auth: Debug: client in: AUTH#0111#011PLAIN#011service=imap#011secured#011session=g4gzkiVv7OesUygU#011lip=208.146.44.129#011rip=172.83.40.20#011lport=993#011rport=59372#011local_name=imap.mysite.ca#011resp=AEpvc2hAandha2UuY2EAMXBPb3AyVFQ= (previous base64 data may contain sensitive data)
Jun 21 07:54:00 mail dovecot: auth-worker(10362): Debug: Loading modules from directory: /usr/lib/dovecot/modules/auth
Jun 21 07:54:00 mail dovecot: auth-worker(10362): Debug: Module loaded: /usr/lib/dovecot/modules/auth/libdriver_mysql.so
Jun 21 07:54:00 mail dovecot: auth-worker(10362): Debug: sql([email protected],172.83.40.20,<g4gzkiVv7OesUygU>): query: SELECT username AS user, domain, password FROM accounts WHERE username = 'josh' AND domain = 'mysite.ca' and enabled = true;
Jun 21 07:54:00 mail dovecot: auth-worker(10362): Debug: sql([email protected],172.83.40.20,<g4gzkiVv7OesUygU>): username changed [email protected] -> Josh
Jun 21 07:54:00 mail dovecot: auth-worker(10362): Debug: sql(Josh,172.83.40.20,<g4gzkiVv7OesUygU>): username changed Josh -> [email protected]
Jun 21 07:54:00 mail dovecot: auth: Debug: sql([email protected],172.83.40.20,<g4gzkiVv7OesUygU>): username changed [email protected] -> [email protected]
Jun 21 07:54:00 mail dovecot: auth: Debug: sql([email protected],172.83.40.20,<g4gzkiVv7OesUygU>): username changed [email protected] -> Josh
Jun 21 07:54:00 mail dovecot: auth: Debug: sql(Josh,172.83.40.20,<g4gzkiVv7OesUygU>): username changed Josh -> [email protected]
Jun 21 07:54:00 mail dovecot: auth: Debug: client passdb out: OK#0111#[email protected]
Jun 21 07:54:00 mail dovecot: auth: Debug: master in: REQUEST#0111298792449#01110359#0111#011eea41cbba6c921b40a93a702989eed61#011session_pid=10363#011request_auth_token
Jun 21 07:54:00 mail dovecot: auth-worker(10362): Debug: sql([email protected],172.83.40.20,<g4gzkiVv7OesUygU>): SELECT concat('*:storage=', quota, 'M') AS quota_rule FROM accounts WHERE username = 'Josh' AND domain = 'mysite.ca' AND sendonly = false;
Jun 21 07:54:00 mail dovecot: auth: Debug: master userdb out: USER#0111298792449#[email protected]#011quota_rule=*:storage=2048M#011auth_token=6716f415ff804ba96add892baeeaecff7f0592cd
Jun 21 07:54:00 mail dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<[email protected]>, method=PLAIN, rip=172.83.40.20, lip=208.146.44.129, mpid=10363, TLS, session=<g4gzkiVv7OesUygU>
Jun 21 07:54:00 mail dovecot: imap([email protected]): Debug: Loading modules from directory: /usr/lib/dovecot/modules
Jun 21 07:54:00 mail dovecot: imap([email protected]): Debug: Module loaded: /usr/lib/dovecot/modules/lib10_quota_plugin.so
Jun 21 07:54:00 mail dovecot: imap([email protected]): Debug: Module loaded: /usr/lib/dovecot/modules/lib11_imap_quota_plugin.so
Jun 21 07:54:00 mail dovecot: imap([email protected]): Debug: Module loaded: /usr/lib/dovecot/modules/lib90_antispam_plugin.so
Jun 21 07:54:00 mail dovecot: imap([email protected]): Debug: Added userdb setting: plugin/quota_rule=*:storage=2048M
Jun 21 07:54:00 mail dovecot: imap([email protected]): Debug: Effective uid=1001, gid=1001, home=/var/vmail/mailboxes/mysite.ca/Josh
Jun 21 07:54:00 mail dovecot: imap([email protected]): Debug: Quota root: name=User quota backend=maildir args=
Jun 21 07:54:00 mail dovecot: imap([email protected]): Debug: Quota rule: root=User quota mailbox=* bytes=2147483648 messages=0
Jun 21 07:54:00 mail dovecot: imap([email protected]): Debug: Quota grace: root=User quota bytes=214748364 (10%)
Jun 21 07:54:00 mail dovecot: imap([email protected]): Debug: Namespace inbox: type=private, prefix=, sep=, inbox=yes, hidden=no, list=yes, subscriptions=yes location=maildir:~/mail:LAYOUT=fs
Jun 21 07:54:00 mail dovecot: imap([email protected]): Debug: fs: root=/var/vmail/mailboxes/mysite.ca/Josh/mail, index=, indexpvt=, control=, inbox=/var/vmail/mailboxes/mysite.ca/Josh/mail, alt=
Jun 21 07:54:00 mail dovecot: imap([email protected]): Debug: quota: quota_over_flag check: STORAGE ret=1 value=0 limit=2097152
Jun 21 07:54:00 mail dovecot: imap([email protected]): Debug: quota: quota_over_flag check: MESSAGE ret=0 value=0 limit=0
Jun 21 07:54:00 mail dovecot: imap([email protected]): Debug: quota: quota_over_flag=0((null)) vs currently overquota=0
Jun 21 07:54:33 mail dovecot: auth: Debug: auth client connected (pid=10381)
Jun 21 07:54:34 mail dovecot: auth: Debug: client in: AUTH#0111#011PLAIN#011service=imap#011secured#011session=vIIvlCVv8eesUygU#011lip=208.146.44.129#011rip=172.83.40.20#011lport=143#011rport=59377#011local_name=mail.mysite.ca#011resp=AEpvc2hAandha2UuY2EAMXBPb3AyVFQ= (previous base64 data may contain sensitive data)
Jun 21 07:54:34 mail dovecot: auth-worker(10362): Debug: sql([email protected],172.83.40.20,<vIIvlCVv8eesUygU>): query: SELECT username AS user, domain, password FROM accounts WHERE username = 'josh' AND domain = 'mysite.ca' and enabled = true;
Jun 21 07:54:34 mail dovecot: auth-worker(10362): Debug: sql([email protected],172.83.40.20,<vIIvlCVv8eesUygU>): username changed [email protected] -> Josh
Jun 21 07:54:34 mail dovecot: auth-worker(10362): Debug: sql(Josh,172.83.40.20,<vIIvlCVv8eesUygU>): username changed Josh -> [email protected]
Jun 21 07:54:34 mail dovecot: auth: Debug: sql([email protected],172.83.40.20,<vIIvlCVv8eesUygU>): username changed [email protected] -> [email protected]
Jun 21 07:54:34 mail dovecot: auth: Debug: sql([email protected],172.83.40.20,<vIIvlCVv8eesUygU>): username changed [email protected] -> Josh
Jun 21 07:54:34 mail dovecot: auth: Debug: sql(Josh,172.83.40.20,<vIIvlCVv8eesUygU>): username changed Josh -> [email protected]
Jun 21 07:54:34 mail dovecot: auth: Debug: client passdb out: OK#0111#[email protected]
Jun 21 07:54:34 mail dovecot: auth: Debug: master in: REQUEST#0111986658305#01110381#0111#0114a81a655e2fd95775a69d67377032381#011session_pid=10382#011request_auth_token
Jun 21 07:54:34 mail dovecot: auth-worker(10362): Debug: sql([email protected],172.83.40.20,<vIIvlCVv8eesUygU>): SELECT concat('*:storage=', quota, 'M') AS quota_rule FROM accounts WHERE username = 'Josh' AND domain = 'mysite.ca' AND sendonly = false;
Jun 21 07:54:34 mail dovecot: auth: Debug: master userdb out: USER#0111986658305#[email protected]#011quota_rule=*:storage=2048M#011auth_token=345528122fb785f133c083192ec59c03663f0b95
Jun 21 07:54:34 mail dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<[email protected]>, method=PLAIN, rip=172.83.40.20, lip=208.146.44.129, mpid=10382, TLS, session=<vIIvlCVv8eesUygU>
Jun 21 07:54:34 mail dovecot: imap([email protected]): Debug: Loading modules from directory: /usr/lib/dovecot/modules
Jun 21 07:54:34 mail dovecot: imap([email protected]): Debug: Module loaded: /usr/lib/dovecot/modules/lib10_quota_plugin.so
Jun 21 07:54:34 mail dovecot: imap([email protected]): Debug: Module loaded: /usr/lib/dovecot/modules/lib11_imap_quota_plugin.so
Jun 21 07:54:34 mail dovecot: imap([email protected]): Debug: Module loaded: /usr/lib/dovecot/modules/lib90_antispam_plugin.so
Jun 21 07:54:34 mail dovecot: imap([email protected]): Debug: Added userdb setting: plugin/quota_rule=*:storage=2048M
Jun 21 07:54:34 mail dovecot: imap([email protected]): Debug: Effective uid=1001, gid=1001, home=/var/vmail/mailboxes/mysite.ca/Josh
Jun 21 07:54:34 mail dovecot: imap([email protected]): Debug: Quota root: name=User quota backend=maildir args=
Jun 21 07:54:34 mail dovecot: imap([email protected]): Debug: Quota rule: root=User quota mailbox=* bytes=2147483648 messages=0
Jun 21 07:54:34 mail dovecot: imap([email protected]): Debug: Quota grace: root=User quota bytes=214748364 (10%)
Jun 21 07:54:34 mail dovecot: imap([email protected]): Debug: Namespace inbox: type=private, prefix=, sep=, inbox=yes, hidden=no, list=yes, subscriptions=yes location=maildir:~/mail:LAYOUT=fs
Jun 21 07:54:34 mail dovecot: imap([email protected]): Debug: fs: root=/var/vmail/mailboxes/mysite.ca/Josh/mail, index=, indexpvt=, control=, inbox=/var/vmail/mailboxes/mysite.ca/Josh/mail, alt=
Jun 21 07:54:34 mail dovecot: imap([email protected]): Debug: quota: quota_over_flag check: STORAGE ret=1 value=0 limit=2097152
Jun 21 07:54:34 mail dovecot: imap([email protected]): Debug: quota: quota_over_flag check: MESSAGE ret=0 value=0 limit=0
Jun 21 07:54:34 mail dovecot: imap([email protected]): Debug: quota: quota_over_flag=0((null)) vs currently overquota=0
Jun 21 07:54:34 mail dovecot: imap([email protected]): Connection closed (IDLE running for 0.001 + waiting input for 0.001 secs, 2 B in + 10+10 B out, state=wait-input) in=11 out=372
Jun 21 07:57:10 mail postfix/postscreen[10463]: CONNECT from [185.234.218.188]:64778 to [208.146.44.129]:25
Jun 21 07:57:10 mail postfix/postscreen[10463]: PREGREET 11 after 0.16 from [185.234.218.188]:64778: EHLO User\r\n
Jun 21 07:57:10 mail postfix/postscreen[10463]: DISCONNECT [185.234.218.188]:64778
Jun 21 07:58:51 mail dovecot: auth: Debug: Loading modules from directory: /usr/lib/dovecot/modules/auth
Jun 21 07:58:51 mail dovecot: auth: Debug: Module loaded: /usr/lib/dovecot/modules/auth/libdriver_mysql.so
Jun 21 07:58:51 mail dovecot: auth: Debug: Read auth token secret from /var/run/dovecot/auth-token-secret.dat
Jun 21 07:58:51 mail dovecot: auth: Debug: auth client connected (pid=10530)
Jun 21 08:01:52 mail dovecot: imap-login: Disconnected: Inactivity (no auth attempts in 181 secs): user=<>, rip=92.63.193.40, lip=208.146.44.129, TLS, session=<4VNJriVvVWVcP8Eo>
时不时地，当我不活动时，我会得到
Jun 21 08:17:12 mail dovecot: auth: Debug: sql([email protected],92.63.193.40,<KGX85CVv3MlcP8Eo>): username changed [email protected] -> Josh
Jun 21 08:17:12 mail dovecot: auth: Debug: sql(Josh,92.63.193.40,<KGX85CVv3MlcP8Eo>): username changed Josh -> [email protected]
Jun 21 08:17:14 mail dovecot: auth: Debug: client passdb out: FAIL#0111#[email protected]#[email protected]
Jun 21 08:17:14 mail dovecot: imap-login: Debug: Ignoring unknown passdb extra field: original_user
Jun 21 08:17:25 mail dovecot: imap-login: Disconnected (auth failed, 1 attempts in 16 secs): user=<[email protected]>, method=PLAIN, rip=92.63.193.40, lip=208.146.44.129, TLS, session=<KGX85CVv3MlcP8Eo>
现在我不确定接下来该做什么。如果需要更多日志或配置，请告诉我。
Outlook 中的服务器设置：
Incoming: mail.mysite.ca port 143 STARTTLS
Outgoing: mail.mysite.ca port 587 STARTTLS
编辑1：
我注意到当 postfix 在日志中显示时它正在尝试连接端口 25 我想？它很少出现在日志中。在 Outlook 上尝试端口 25 不起作用。
别介意查一下，pregreet 在端口 25 上是正常的。
编辑2：
将 dovecot 设置为 Performance 似乎没有改变任何东西。
编辑3：
netstat：看起来我的服务器正在侦听端口 25 和 587，对吗？
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:143 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:7832 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 208.146.44.129:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:8953 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:4190 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:993 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:11332 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:11333 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:11334 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:587 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 208.146.44.129:587 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::143 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::7832 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 ::1:8953 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::443 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::4190 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::993 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 ::1:11332 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 ::1:11333 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 ::1:11334 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 ::1:587 :::* LISTEN
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:21902 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:26738 0.0.0.0:*
编辑4：netstat -nap | awk 'NR<3 || /:25/ || /:587/'
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 814/master
tcp 0 0 208.146.44.129:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 814/master
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:587 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 814/master
tcp 0 0 208.146.44.129:587 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 814/master
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 814/master
tcp6 0 0 ::1:587 :::* LISTEN 814/master
答案1
在这里，SMTP 客户端在与它对话之前先进行对话：
Jun 21 07:57:10 mail postfix/postscreen[10463]: CONNECT from [185.234.218.188]:64778 to [208.146.44.129]:25
Jun 21 07:57:10 mail postfix/postscreen[10463]: PREGREET 11 after 0.16 from [185.234.218.188]:64778: EHLO User\r\n
Jun 21 07:57:10 mail postfix/postscreen[10463]: DISCONNECT [185.234.218.188]:64778
这违反了协议，因此连接被断开。甚至可能会被列入黑名单一段时间。
您的客户端实际上应该在 587 而不是 25 上进行通信（通过身份验证）。
答案2
Dovecotimap-login可以通过两种方式进行配置：最大程度的安全性和最大程度的性能。当配置安全性时，每个连接都使用自己的进程，直到断开连接。如果可能的分叉进程达到限制，则不会接受新连接。当针对性能进行配置时，所有传入连接均由单个进程提供服务，imap-login该进程对同时连接的数量没有限制。 “最大安全性”并不意味着高性能设置不安全，而是意味着安全设置是偏执的。因此，您可以轻松配置鸽舍以提高性能：
service imap-login {
inet_listener imap {
port = 143
}
service_count = 0 ## 0 for performance, 1 for security
process_min_avail = 1
}
进一步阅读可以在这里找到：https://wiki.dovecot.org/LoginProcess