我有一台华硕 Q500A，装有 win8 和 Ubuntu 12.04 64 位；Linux 内核 3.8.0-32-generic。我遇到了残留软件包问题，导致我在尝试重新配置 xserver-xorg-lts-raring 时遇到麻烦。我尝试从 synaptic 中删除所有残留软件包，但以下软件包未被删除。我一直习惯于sudo apt-get purge name一次删除一个软件包，libieee1284-3:i386但这样做太耗时了。有没有办法可以一次删除所有软件包或删除一组软件包？
输出sudo dpkg -l | grep "^rc"
rc gstreamer0.10-plugins-good:i386 0.10.31-1ubuntu1.2 GStreamer plugins from the "good" set
rc libaa1:i386 1.4p5-39ubuntu1 ASCII art library
rc libaio1:i386 0.3.109-2ubuntu1 Linux kernel AIO access library - shared library
rc libao4:i386 1.1.0-1ubuntu2 Cross Platform Audio Output Library
rc libasn1-8-heimdal:i386 1.6~git20120311.dfsg.1-2ubuntu0.1 Heimdal Kerberos - ASN.1 library
rc libasound2:i386 1.0.25-1ubuntu10.2 shared library for ALSA applications
rc libasyncns0:i386 0.8-4 Asynchronous name service query library
rc libatk1.0-0:i386 2.4.0-0ubuntu1 ATK accessibility toolkit
rc libavahi-client3:i386 0.6.30-5ubuntu2 Avahi client library
rc libavahi-common3:i386 0.6.30-5ubuntu2 Avahi common library
rc libavc1394-0:i386 0.5.3-1ubuntu2 control IEEE 1394 audio/video devices
rc libcaca0:i386 0.99.beta17-2.1ubuntu2 colour ASCII art library
rc libcairo-gobject2:i386 1.10.2-6.1ubuntu3 The Cairo 2D vector graphics library (GObject library)
rc libcairo2:i386 1.10.2-6.1ubuntu3 The Cairo 2D vector graphics library
rc libcanberra-gtk0:i386 0.28-3ubuntu3 GTK+ helper for playing widget event sounds with libcanberra
rc libcanberra0:i386 0.28-3ubuntu3 simple abstract interface for playing event sounds
rc libcap2:i386 1:2.22-1ubuntu3 support for getting/setting POSIX.1e capabilities
rc libcdparanoia0:i386 3.10.2+debian-10ubuntu1 audio extraction tool for sampling CDs (library)
rc libcroco3:i386 0.6.5-1ubuntu0.1 Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) parsing and manipulation toolkit
rc libcups2:i386 1.5.3-0ubuntu8 Common UNIX Printing System(tm) - Core library
rc libcupsimage2:i386 1.5.3-0ubuntu8 Common UNIX Printing System(tm) - Raster image library
rc libcurl3:i386 7.22.0-3ubuntu4.3 Multi-protocol file transfer library (OpenSSL)
rc libdatrie1:i386 0.2.5-3 Double-array trie library
rc libdbus-glib-1-2:i386 0.98-1ubuntu1.1 simple interprocess messaging system (GLib-based shared library)
rc libdbusmenu-qt2:i386 0.9.2-0ubuntu1 Qt implementation of the DBusMenu protocol
rc libdrm-nouveau2:i386 2.4.43-0ubuntu0.0.3 Userspace interface to nouveau-specific kernel DRM services -- runtime
rc libdv4:i386 1.0.0-3ubuntu1 software library for DV format digital video (runtime lib)
rc libesd0:i386 0.2.41-10build3 Enlightened Sound Daemon - Shared libraries
rc libexif12:i386 0.6.20-2ubuntu0.1 library to parse EXIF files
rc libexpat1:i386 2.0.1-7.2ubuntu1.1 XML parsing C library - runtime library
rc libflac8:i386 1.2.1-6 Free Lossless Audio Codec - runtime C library
rc libfontconfig1:i386 2.8.0-3ubuntu9.1 generic font configuration library - runtime
rc libfreetype6:i386 2.4.8-1ubuntu2.1 FreeType 2 font engine, shared library files
rc libgail18:i386 2.24.10-0ubuntu6 GNOME Accessibility Implementation Library -- shared libraries
rc libgconf-2-4:i386 3.2.5-0ubuntu2 GNOME configuration database system (shared libraries)
rc libgcrypt11:i386 1.5.0-3ubuntu0.2 LGPL Crypto library - runtime library
rc libgd2-xpm:i386 2.0.36~rc1~dfsg-6ubuntu2 GD Graphics Library version 2
rc libgdbm3:i386 1.8.3-10 GNU dbm database routines (runtime version)
rc libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0:i386 2.26.1-1 GDK Pixbuf library
rc libgif4:i386 4.1.6-9ubuntu1 library for GIF images (library)
rc libgl1-mesa-dri-lts-quantal:i386 9.0.3-0ubuntu0.4~precise1 free implementation of the OpenGL API -- DRI modules
rc libgl1-mesa-dri-lts-raring:i386 9.1.4-0ubuntu0.1~precise2 free implementation of the OpenGL API -- DRI modules
rc libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 8.0.4-0ubuntu0.6 free implementation of the OpenGL API -- GLX runtime
rc libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-quantal:i386 9.0.3-0ubuntu0.4~precise1 free implementation of the OpenGL API -- GLX runtime
rc libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-raring:i386 9.1.4-0ubuntu0.1~precise2 free implementation of the OpenGL API -- GLX runtime
rc libglapi-mesa:i386 8.0.4-0ubuntu0.6 free implementation of the GL API -- shared library
rc libglapi-mesa-lts-quantal:i386 9.0.3-0ubuntu0.4~precise1 free implementation of the GL API -- shared library
rc libglapi-mesa-lts-raring:i386 9.1.4-0ubuntu0.1~precise2 free implementation of the GL API -- shared library
rc libglu1-mesa:i386 8.0.4-0ubuntu0.6 Mesa OpenGL utility library (GLU)
rc libgnome-keyring0:i386 3.2.2-2 GNOME keyring services library
rc libgnutls26:i386 2.12.14-5ubuntu3.5 GNU TLS library - runtime library
rc libgomp1:i386 4.6.3-1ubuntu5 GCC OpenMP (GOMP) support library
rc libgpg-error0:i386 1.10-2ubuntu1 library for common error values and messages in GnuPG components
rc libgphoto2-2:i386 2.4.13-1ubuntu1.2 gphoto2 digital camera library
rc libgphoto2-port0:i386 2.4.13-1ubuntu1.2 gphoto2 digital camera port library
rc libgssapi-krb5-2:i386 1.10+dfsg~beta1-2ubuntu0.3 MIT Kerberos runtime libraries - krb5 GSS-API Mechanism
rc libgssapi3-heimdal:i386 1.6~git20120311.dfsg.1-2ubuntu0.1 Heimdal Kerberos - GSSAPI support library
rc libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0:i386 0.10.36-1ubuntu0.1 GStreamer libraries from the "base" set
rc libgstreamer0.10-0:i386 0.10.36-1ubuntu1 Core GStreamer libraries and elements
rc libgtk2.0-0:i386 2.24.10-0ubuntu6 GTK+ graphical user interface library
rc libgudev-1.0-0:i386 1:175-0ubuntu9.4 GObject-based wrapper library for libudev
rc libhcrypto4-heimdal:i386 1.6~git20120311.dfsg.1-2ubuntu0.1 Heimdal Kerberos - crypto library
rc libheimbase1-heimdal:i386 1.6~git20120311.dfsg.1-2ubuntu0.1 Heimdal Kerberos - Base library
rc libheimntlm0-heimdal:i386 1.6~git20120311.dfsg.1-2ubuntu0.1 Heimdal Kerberos - NTLM support library
rc libhx509-5-heimdal:i386 1.6~git20120311.dfsg.1-2ubuntu0.1 Heimdal Kerberos - X509 support library
rc libibus-1.0-0:i386 1.4.1-3ubuntu1 Intelligent Input Bus - shared library
rc libice6:i386 2:1.0.7-2build1 X11 Inter-Client Exchange library
rc libidn11:i386 1.23-2 GNU Libidn library, implementation of IETF IDN specifications
rc libiec61883-0:i386 1.2.0-0.1ubuntu1 an partial implementation of IEC 61883
rc libieee1284-3:i386 0.2.11-10build1 cross-platform library for parallel port access
rc libjack-jackd2-0:i386 1.9.8~dfsg.1-1ubuntu2 JACK Audio Connection Kit (libraries)
rc libjasper1:i386 1.900.1-13 JasPer JPEG-2000 runtime library
rc libjpeg-turbo8:i386 1.1.90+svn733-0ubuntu4.2 IJG JPEG compliant runtime library.
rc libjson0:i386 0.9-1ubuntu1 JSON manipulation library - shared library
rc libk5crypto3:i386 1.10+dfsg~beta1-2ubuntu0.3 MIT Kerberos runtime libraries - Crypto Library
rc libkeyutils1:i386 1.5.2-2 Linux Key Management Utilities (library)
rc libkrb5-26-heimdal:i386 1.6~git20120311.dfsg.1-2ubuntu0.1 Heimdal Kerberos - libraries
rc libkrb5-3:i386 1.10+dfsg~beta1-2ubuntu0.3 MIT Kerberos runtime libraries
rc libkrb5support0:i386 1.10+dfsg~beta1-2ubuntu0.3 MIT Kerberos runtime libraries - Support library
rc liblcms1:i386 1.19.dfsg-1ubuntu3 Little CMS color management library
rc libldap-2.4-2:i386 2.4.28-1.1ubuntu4.4 OpenLDAP libraries
rc libllvm3.0:i386 3.0-4ubuntu1 Low-Level Virtual Machine (LLVM), runtime library
rc libllvm3.1:i386 3.1-2ubuntu1~12.04.1 Low-Level Virtual Machine (LLVM), runtime library
rc libllvm3.2:i386 3.2-2ubuntu5~precise1 Low-Level Virtual Machine (LLVM), runtime library
rc libltdl7:i386 2.4.2-1ubuntu1 A system independent dlopen wrapper for GNU libtool
rc libmad0:i386 0.15.1b-7ubuntu1 MPEG audio decoder library
rc libmikmod2:i386 3.1.12-2 Portable sound library
rc libmng1:i386 1.0.10-3 Multiple-image Network Graphics library
rc libmpg123-0:i386 1.12.1-3.2ubuntu1 MPEG layer 1/2/3 audio decoder -- runtime library
rc libmysqlclient18:i386 5.5.32-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 MySQL database client library
rc libnspr4:i386 4.9.5-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 NetScape Portable Runtime Library
rc libnss3:i386 3.14.3-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 Network Security Service libraries
rc libodbc1:i386 2.2.14p2-5ubuntu3 ODBC library for Unix
rc libogg0:i386 1.2.2~dfsg-1ubuntu1 Ogg bitstream library
rc libopenal1:i386 1:1.13-4ubuntu3 Software implementation of the OpenAL API (shared library)
rc liborc-0.4-0:i386 1:0.4.16-1ubuntu2 Library of Optimized Inner Loops Runtime Compiler
rc libosmesa6:i386 8.0.4-0ubuntu0.6 Mesa Off-screen rendering extension
rc libp11-kit0:i386 0.12-2ubuntu1 Library for loading and coordinating access to PKCS#11 modules - runtime
rc libpango1.0-0:i386 1.30.0-0ubuntu3.1 Layout and rendering of internationalized text
rc libpixman-1-0:i386 0.24.4-1 pixel-manipulation library for X and cairo
rc libproxy1:i386 0.4.7-0ubuntu4.1 automatic proxy configuration management library (shared)
rc libpulse-mainloop-glib0:i386 1:1.1-0ubuntu15.4 PulseAudio client libraries (glib support)
rc libpulse0:i386 1:1.1-0ubuntu15.4 PulseAudio client libraries
rc libqt4-dbus:i386 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu4.4 Qt 4 D-Bus module
rc libqt4-declarative:i386 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu4.4 Qt 4 Declarative module
rc libqt4-designer:i386 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu4.4 Qt 4 designer module
rc libqt4-network:i386 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu4.4 Qt 4 network module
rc libqt4-opengl:i386 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu4.4 Qt 4 OpenGL module
rc libqt4-qt3support:i386 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu4.4 Qt 3 compatibility library for Qt 4
rc libqt4-script:i386 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu4.4 Qt 4 script module
rc libqt4-scripttools:i386 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu4.4 Qt 4 script tools module
rc libqt4-sql:i386 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu4.4 Qt 4 SQL module
rc libqt4-svg:i386 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu4.4 Qt 4 SVG module
rc libqt4-test:i386 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu4.4 Qt 4 test module
rc libqt4-xml:i386 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu4.4 Qt 4 XML module
rc libqt4-xmlpatterns:i386 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu4.4 Qt 4 XML patterns module
rc libqtcore4:i386 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu4.4 Qt 4 core module
rc libqtgui4:i386 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu4.4 Qt 4 GUI module
rc libqtwebkit4:i386 2.2.1-1ubuntu4 Web content engine library for Qt
rc libraw1394-11:i386 2.0.7-1ubuntu1 library for direct access to IEEE 1394 bus (aka FireWire)
rc libroken18-heimdal:i386 1.6~git20120311.dfsg.1-2ubuntu0.1 Heimdal Kerberos - roken support library
rc librsvg2-2:i386 2.36.1-0ubuntu1 SAX-based renderer library for SVG files (runtime)
rc librtmp0:i386 2.4~20110711.gitc28f1bab-1 toolkit for RTMP streams (shared library)
rc libsamplerate0:i386 0.1.8-4 Audio sample rate conversion library
rc libsane:i386 1.0.22-7ubuntu1 API library for scanners
rc libsasl2-2:i386 2.1.25.dfsg1-3ubuntu0.1 Cyrus SASL - authentication abstraction library
rc libsdl-image1.2:i386 1.2.10-3 image loading library for Simple DirectMedia Layer 1.2
rc libsdl-mixer1.2:i386 1.2.11-7 Mixer library for Simple DirectMedia Layer 1.2, libraries
rc libsdl-net1.2:i386 1.2.7-5 Network library for Simple DirectMedia Layer 1.2, libraries
rc libsdl-ttf2.0-0:i386 2.0.9-1.1ubuntu1 ttf library for Simple DirectMedia Layer with FreeType 2 support
rc libsdl1.2debian:i386 1.2.14-6.4ubuntu3 Simple DirectMedia Layer
rc libshout3:i386 2.2.2-7ubuntu1 MP3/Ogg Vorbis broadcast streaming library
rc libsm6:i386 2:1.2.0-2build1 X11 Session Management library
rc libsndfile1:i386 1.0.25-4 Library for reading/writing audio files
rc libsoup-gnome2.4-1:i386 2.38.1-1 HTTP library implementation in C -- GNOME support library
rc libsoup2.4-1:i386 2.38.1-1 HTTP library implementation in C -- Shared library
rc libspeex1:i386 1.2~rc1-3ubuntu2 The Speex codec runtime library
rc libspeexdsp1:i386 1.2~rc1-3ubuntu2 The Speex extended runtime library
rc libsqlite3-0:i386 3.7.9-2ubuntu1.1 SQLite 3 shared library
rc libssl0.9.8:i386 0.9.8o-7ubuntu3.1 SSL shared libraries
rc libstdc++5:i386 1:3.3.6-25ubuntu1 The GNU Standard C++ Library v3
rc libstdc++6:i386 4.6.3-1ubuntu5 GNU Standard C++ Library v3
rc libtag1-vanilla:i386 1.7-1ubuntu5 audio meta-data library - vanilla flavour
rc libtasn1-3:i386 2.10-1ubuntu1.1 Manage ASN.1 structures (runtime)
rc libtdb1:i386 1.2.9-4 Trivial Database - shared library
rc libthai0:i386 0.1.16-3 Thai language support library
rc libtheora0:i386 1.1.1+dfsg.1-3ubuntu2 The Theora Video Compression Codec
rc libtiff4:i386 3.9.5-2ubuntu1.5 Tag Image File Format (TIFF) library
rc libtxc-dxtn-s2tc0:i386 0~git20110809-2.1 Texture compression library for Mesa
rc libunistring0:i386 0.9.3-5 Unicode string library for C
rc libusb-0.1-4:i386 2:0.1.12-20 userspace USB programming library
rc libv4l-0:i386 0.8.6-1ubuntu2 Collection of video4linux support libraries
rc libv4lconvert0:i386 0.8.6-1ubuntu2 Video4linux frame format conversion library
rc libvisual-0.4-0:i386 0.4.0-4 Audio visualization framework
rc libvorbis0a:i386 1.3.2-1ubuntu3 The Vorbis General Audio Compression Codec (Decoder library)
rc libvorbisenc2:i386 1.3.2-1ubuntu3 The Vorbis General Audio Compression Codec (Encoder library)
rc libvorbisfile3:i386 1.3.2-1ubuntu3 The Vorbis General Audio Compression Codec (High Level API)
rc libwavpack1:i386 4.60.1-2 audio codec (lossy and lossless) - library
rc libwind0-heimdal:i386 1.6~git20120311.dfsg.1-2ubuntu0.1 Heimdal Kerberos - stringprep implementation
rc libwrap0:i386 7.6.q-21 Wietse Venema's TCP wrappers library
rc libx11-6:i386 2:1.4.99.1-0ubuntu2.2 X11 client-side library
rc libx11-xcb1:i386 2:1.4.99.1-0ubuntu2.2 Xlib/XCB interface library
rc libxau6:i386 1:1.0.6-4 X11 authorisation library
rc libxaw7:i386 2:1.0.9-3ubuntu1 X11 Athena Widget library
rc libxcb-dri2-0:i386 1.8.1-1ubuntu0.2 X C Binding, dri2 extension
rc libxcb-glx0:i386 1.8.1-1ubuntu0.2 X C Binding, glx extension
rc libxcb-render0:i386 1.8.1-1ubuntu0.2 X C Binding, render extension
rc libxcb-shm0:i386 1.8.1-1ubuntu0.2 X C Binding, shm extension
rc libxcb1:i386 1.8.1-1ubuntu0.2 X C Binding
rc libxcomposite1:i386 1:0.4.3-2build1 X11 Composite extension library
rc libxcursor1:i386 1:1.1.12-1ubuntu0.1 X cursor management library
rc libxdamage1:i386 1:1.1.3-2build1 X11 damaged region extension library
rc libxdmcp6:i386 1:1.1.0-4 X11 Display Manager Control Protocol library
rc libxext6:i386 2:1.3.0-3ubuntu0.1 X11 miscellaneous extension library
rc libxfixes3:i386 1:5.0-4ubuntu4.1 X11 miscellaneous 'fixes' extension library
rc libxft2:i386 2.2.0-3ubuntu2 FreeType-based font drawing library for X
rc libxi6:i386 2:1.6.0-0ubuntu2.1 X11 Input extension library
rc libxinerama1:i386 2:1.1.1-3ubuntu0.1 X11 Xinerama extension library
rc libxml2:i386 2.7.8.dfsg-5.1ubuntu4.6 GNOME XML library
rc libxmu6:i386 2:1.1.0-3 X11 miscellaneous utility library
rc libxp6:i386 1:1.0.1-2ubuntu0.12.04.1 X Printing Extension (Xprint) client library
rc libxpm4:i386 1:3.5.9-4 X11 pixmap library
rc libxrandr2:i386 2:1.3.2-2ubuntu0.2 X11 RandR extension library
rc libxrender1:i386 1:0.9.6-2ubuntu0.1 X Rendering Extension client library
rc libxslt1.1:i386 1.1.26-8ubuntu1.3 XSLT 1.0 processing library - runtime library
rc libxss1:i386 1:1.2.1-2 X11 Screen Saver extension library
rc libxt6:i386 1:1.1.1-2ubuntu0.1 X11 toolkit intrinsics library
rc libxtst6:i386 2:1.2.0-4ubuntu0.1 X11 Testing -- Record extension library
rc libxv1:i386 2:1.0.6-2ubuntu0.1 X11 Video extension library
rc libxxf86vm1:i386 1:1.1.1-2ubuntu0.1 X11 XFree86 video mode extension library
rc odbcinst1debian2:i386 2.2.14p2-5ubuntu3 Support library for accessing odbc ini files
rc skype-bin:i386 4.2.0.11-0ubuntu0.12.04.2 client for Skype VOIP and instant messaging service - binary files
rc sni-qt:i386 0.2.5-0ubuntu3 indicator support for Qt
rc wine-compholio:i386 1.7.4~ubuntu12.04.1 The Compholio Edition is a special build of the popular Wine software
rc xaw3dg:i386 1.5+E-18.1ubuntu1 Xaw3d widget set
答案1
我会给你一些命令来帮助你找到并删除破碎的包裹和剩余的包裹等等
查找是否有破碎的软件包有：
sudo dpkg -l | grep "^iU"去除破碎的软件包中的任何两个命令都会有所帮助：
sudo apt-get -f install sudo apt-get remove --purge $(dpkg -l | grep "^iU" | awk '{print $2}')要找到剩余的以下命令将会有所帮助：
sudo dpkg -l | grep "^rc"
笔记：如果任何包安装成功且没有任何错误，则第一列以二但对于剩余的开始于rc，并且对于破碎的它始于伊利有关包裹状态字母的更多信息，请参阅这个答案。
删除所有剩余的包装：
sudo apt-get remove --purge $(dpkg -l | awk '/^rc/{print $2}')
我希望您了解这些命令后能够解决您的问题。如果您需要任何帮助，我将随时等待您的回复。