我只是尝试进行升级 ( sudo apt upgrade)，但失败并出现错误E: Broken Packages。做了dpkg -l | grep broken却dpkg -l | grep held什么也没返回。我的sources.list样子如下：
deb http://ftp.at.debian.org/debian/ stable main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.at.debian.org/debian/ stable main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp.at.debian.org/debian/ stable-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.at.debian.org/debian/ stable-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://security.debian.org/ stable/updates main
deb-src http://security.debian.org/ stable/updates main
deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian stretch-backports main
deb-src http://ftp.debian.org/debian stretch-backports main
deb https://deb.opera.com/opera stable non-free
deb http://downloads.metasploit.com/data/releases/metasploit-framework/apt lucid main
deb [arch=amd64] https://repo.skype.com/deb stable main
deb http://repository.spotify.com stable non-free
deb [arch=amd64] http://repo.steampowered.com/steam/ precise steam
deb-src [arch=amd64] http://repo.steampowered.com/steam/ precise steam
我也这样做了sudo apt install -f，sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -f && sudo apt dist-upgrade -f并没有解决问题。另外，我尝试使用aptitudeandsynaptic代替apt。我认为这都是关于某些软件包版本冲突的问题，但我还不知道如何解决它。
完整输出sudo apt upgrade：
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
libgstreamer-gl1.0-0 : Breaks: libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-0 (< 1.13.1) but 1.10.4-1 is to be installed
libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0 : Conflicts: libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-0 (< 1.13.1) but 1.10.4-1 is to be installed
Breaks: libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-0 (< 1.13.1) but 1.10.4-1 is to be installed
libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0:i386 : Conflicts: libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-0 (< 1.13.1) but 1.10.4-1 is to be installed
Breaks: libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-0 (< 1.13.1) but 1.10.4-1 is to be installed
libgstreamer1.0-0 : Breaks: libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-0 (< 1.13.1) but 1.10.4-1 is to be installed
libgstreamer1.0-0:i386 : Breaks: libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-0 (< 1.13.1) but 1.10.4-1 is to be installed
E: Broken packages
答案1
您以某种方式从 Debian 测试版或不稳定版中获得了 gstreamer 软件包。要修复您的系统，您应该删除它们并恢复 Debian 9 版本：
sudo apt purge libgstreamer-gl1.0-0
sudo apt install libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0/stable libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0:i386/stable libgstreamer1.0-0/stable libgstreamer1.0-0:i386/stable
答案2
就这么简单添加deb-multimedia 存储库到您的/etc/apt/sources.list
pd：debian 多媒体存储库：
deb https://www.deb-multimedia.org buster main non-free
然后：
apt update
apt upgrade
apt dist-upgrade
问题解决了。