我安装了 CentOS 7，内核为 3.10.0-862.3.3.el7.x86_64，但由于可能存在兼容性问题，我需要 3.10.0-693.5.2.el7.x86_64。我怎样才能降级？
我尝试使用 查找 yum 软件包yum list --showduplicates kernel-*，但这只提供了当前的 3.10.0-862.2.3.el7 作为选项。
我尝试下载 rpm 本身并安装它，但它说没有什么可做的：
[root@ci4 tmp]# wget ftp://mirror.switch.ch/pool/4/mirror/scientificlinux/7.1/x86_64/updates/security/kernel-3.10.0-693.5.2.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@ci4 tmp]# yum downgrade ./kernel-3.10.0-693.5.2.el7.x86_64.rpm
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Examining ./kernel-3.10.0-693.5.2.el7.x86_64.rpm: kernel-3.10.0-693.5.2.el7.x86_64
Package kernel-3.10.0-693.5.2.el7.x86_64 is allowed multiple installs, skipping
Error: Nothing to do
我尝试过使用rpm
[root@ci4 tmp]# rpm -Uvh --oldpackage kernel-3.10.0-693.5.2.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: kernel-3.10.0-693.5.2.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 192a7d7d: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_r10) = 0x7e526bfa is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_r12) = 0x263ed23b is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_r13) = 0xe7b00dfb is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_r14) = 0xce8b1878 is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_r15) = 0x0f05c7b8 is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_r8) = 0x1ed8b599 is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_r9) = 0xdf566a59 is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_rax) = 0x2ea2c95c is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_rbx) = 0x593c1bac is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_rcx) = 0xc29957c3 is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_rdx) = 0xb601be4c is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_rsi) = 0xa1f9a134 is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(dm_get_device) = 0xf3d46cd5 is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(dm_put_device) = 0xa767fd96 is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(dm_register_target) = 0xcf368f2b is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(dm_unregister_target) = 0x62b8c739 is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(sme_me_mask) = 0x17fbce60 is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_r10) = 0x7e526bfa is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_r12) = 0x263ed23b is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_r13) = 0xe7b00dfb is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_r14) = 0xce8b1878 is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_r15) = 0x0f05c7b8 is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_r8) = 0x1ed8b599 is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_r9) = 0xdf566a59 is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_rax) = 0x2ea2c95c is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_rbx) = 0x593c1bac is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_rcx) = 0xc29957c3 is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_rdx) = 0xb601be4c is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_rsi) = 0xa1f9a134 is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(dm_get_device) = 0xf3d46cd5 is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(dm_put_device) = 0xa767fd96 is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(dm_register_target) = 0xcf368f2b is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(dm_unregister_target) = 0x62b8c739 is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(sme_me_mask) = 0x17fbce60 is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_r10) = 0x7e526bfa is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_r12) = 0x263ed23b is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_r13) = 0xe7b00dfb is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_r14) = 0xce8b1878 is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_r15) = 0x0f05c7b8 is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_r8) = 0x1ed8b599 is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_r9) = 0xdf566a59 is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_rax) = 0x2ea2c95c is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_rbx) = 0x593c1bac is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_rcx) = 0xc29957c3 is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_rdx) = 0xb601be4c is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(__x86_indirect_thunk_rsi) = 0xa1f9a134 is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(dm_get_device) = 0xf3d46cd5 is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(dm_put_device) = 0xa767fd96 is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(dm_register_target) = 0xcf368f2b is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(dm_unregister_target) = 0x62b8c739 is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
kernel(sme_me_mask) = 0x17fbce60 is needed by (installed) kmod-kvdo-6.1.0.168-16.el7_5.x86_64
我尝试通过禁用当前的 CentOS 7 存储库并启用 Vault 存储库来解决缺少的依赖项。我已添加enabled=0到 中的每个条目/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo，并设置为中enabled=1的每个条目。使用 rpm 或 yum 降级内核时，我仍然得到相同的结果。vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Vault.repoCentOS-7.4.1708
答案1
您引用的两个内核3.10.0-862.3.3.el7.x86_64和3.10.0-693.5.2.el7.x86_64分别代表 CentOS 7.5 和 CentOS 7.4。 CentOS 将旧的内核包移动到CentOS 保管库当它们不是最新的时。
要让 YUM 使用保管库，您需要禁用当前的 CentOSbase和updates存储库，然后将它们替换为 CentOS 保管库中的 7.4 版本（即baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.4.1708/updates/$basearch/）。正确设置后，您应该可以使用yum downgrade kernel.您可能还需要降级任何依赖于较新内核版本的软件包。