我想从 shell 脚本运行多个 MySQL 查询。
我正在使用以下代码:
mysql -u <redacted> -p<redacted> servermail << EOF
CREATE TABLE `virtual_domains` (
`id` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
CREATE TABLE `virtual_users` (
`id` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`domain_id` INT NOT NULL,
`password` VARCHAR(106) NOT NULL,
`email` VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
UNIQUE KEY `email` (`email`),
FOREIGN KEY (domain_id) REFERENCES virtual_domains(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
CREATE TABLE `virtual_aliases` (
`id` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`domain_id` INT NOT NULL,
`source` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`destination` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
FOREIGN KEY (domain_id) REFERENCES virtual_domains(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
EOF
但我一直收到这些错误信息:
virtual_domains: command not found
No command 'name' found, did you mean:
Command 'named' from package 'bind9' (main)
Command 'namei' from package 'util-linux' (main)
Command 'lame' from package 'lame' (universe)
Command 'uname' from package 'coreutils' (main)
Command 'nama' from package 'nama' (universe)
Command 'mame' from package 'mame' (multiverse)
Command 'nam' from package 'nam' (universe)
name: command not found
virtual_users: command not found
domain_id: command not found
password: command not found
No command 'email' found, did you mean:
Command 'mail' from package 'mailutils' (universe)
Command 'dmail' from package 'uw-mailutils' (universe)
Command 'kmail' from package 'kmail' (main)
Command 'cmail' from package 'xboard' (universe)
Command 'tmail' from package 'uw-mailutils' (universe)
Command 'rmail' from package 'rmail' (universe)
Command 'rmail' from package 'exim4-daemon-heavy' (main)
Command 'rmail' from package 'courier-mta' (universe)
Command 'rmail' from package 'masqmail' (universe)
Command 'rmail' from package 'postfix' (main)
Command 'rmail' from package 'exim4-daemon-light' (main)
Command 'wmail' from package 'wmail' (universe)
Command 'emil' from package 'emil' (universe)
email: command not found
No command 'email' found, did you mean:
Command 'mail' from package 'mailutils' (universe)
Command 'dmail' from package 'uw-mailutils' (universe)
Command 'kmail' from package 'kmail' (main)
Command 'cmail' from package 'xboard' (universe)
Command 'tmail' from package 'uw-mailutils' (universe)
Command 'rmail' from package 'rmail' (universe)
Command 'rmail' from package 'exim4-daemon-heavy' (main)
Command 'rmail' from package 'courier-mta' (universe)
Command 'rmail' from package 'masqmail' (universe)
Command 'rmail' from package 'postfix' (main)
Command 'rmail' from package 'exim4-daemon-light' (main)
Command 'wmail' from package 'wmail' (universe)
Command 'emil' from package 'emil' (universe)
email: command not found
No command 'email' found, did you mean:
Command 'mail' from package 'mailutils' (universe)
Command 'dmail' from package 'uw-mailutils' (universe)
Command 'kmail' from package 'kmail' (main)
Command 'cmail' from package 'xboard' (universe)
Command 'tmail' from package 'uw-mailutils' (universe)
Command 'rmail' from package 'rmail' (universe)
Command 'rmail' from package 'exim4-daemon-heavy' (main)
Command 'rmail' from package 'courier-mta' (universe)
Command 'rmail' from package 'masqmail' (universe)
Command 'rmail' from package 'postfix' (main)
Command 'rmail' from package 'exim4-daemon-light' (main)
Command 'wmail' from package 'wmail' (universe)
Command 'emil' from package 'emil' (universe)
email: command not found
virtual_aliases: command not found
domain_id: command not found
-bash: source: filename argument required
source: usage: source filename [arguments]
destination: command not found
ERROR 1064 (42000) at line 2: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '(
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root) INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
VARCHAR(' at line 1
当我逐个运行里面的命令时,mysql
它们起作用了。
下一步我应该尝试什么?
答案1
您正在使用由 引入的“此处文档” << EOF
。在此构造中,除非结束分隔符(EOF
在您的情况下)被引用,否则将执行变量扩展和命令替换。在您的示例中,反引号之间的文本(如)`virtual_domains`
由 shell 作为命令执行。
为了获得预期结果,您必须EOF
使用单引号或双引号括住结束分隔符,如下所示。这将阻止 shell 的扩展和替换。
mysql -u <redacted> -p<redacted> servermail << "EOF"
CREATE TABLE `virtual_domains` (
`id` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
答案2
我会将 SQL 语句放入一个文件中sqldump.txt
,然后像下面这样运行导入。the_database
如果不存在,则先创建空数据库。
mysql -u auser -p apassword the_database< sqldump.txt