我的系统在运行 Ubuntu 时会变热，并且没有主要的处理任务。我还在同一台机器上运行 Windows 10，并且在 Windows 上运行时它永远不会发热，因此我们可以排除硬件问题。我最好的猜测是驱动程序问题，因为这个问题是在我摆弄系统以便使用 Ocelot 在 AMD Radeon 上模拟 Nvidia GPU 后开始的，但我撤消了所有更改，问题仍然存在。
或者有什么方法可以检查我的系统正在使用哪个显卡驱动程序？
我的资源监视器截图：
我的top结果（它说用户 root 使用 48% 处理）：
top - 23:17:25 up 3:15, 1 user, load average: 3.10, 3.11, 2.93
Tasks: 346 total, 2 running, 279 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 15.5 us, 20.1 sy, 0.1 ni, 63.4 id, 0.2 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.8 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem : 12209596 total, 3167008 free, 3717188 used, 5325400 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 0 total, 0 free, 0 used. 7155104 avail Mem
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
374 root 20 0 220908 178912 3140 S 48.0 1.5 25:38.91 systemd-ud+
4948 ashutosh 20 0 1162840 137192 103660 S 3.3 1.1 4:00.39 Xorg
26005 ashutosh 20 0 2855536 381020 151472 S 2.6 3.1 4:27.62 firefox
5308 ashutosh 20 0 3851468 264376 75324 S 2.3 2.2 3:00.62 gnome-shell
1 root 20 0 226204 10040 6768 S 2.0 0.1 1:26.18 systemd
4788 root 20 0 29012 840 780 R 1.7 0.0 0:00.05 modprobe
18343 ashutosh 20 0 723704 39712 30020 S 1.7 0.3 0:07.60 gnome-term+
8648 ashutosh 20 0 2112580 233300 140332 S 1.3 1.9 3:30.49 Web Content
26421 ashutosh 20 0 2184448 458740 90536 S 1.3 3.8 3:24.41 WebExtensi+
339 root 19 -1 266948 137392 132132 S 1.0 1.1 0:41.54 systemd-jo+
1328 root 20 0 48000 5524 2348 S 1.0 0.0 0:58.36 systemd-ud+
14747 _apt 20 0 81832 8772 7788 S 1.0 0.1 0:25.84 http
19207 ashutosh 20 0 5137248 660948 53060 S 1.0 5.4 3:30.89 java
1698 root 20 0 1803284 35956 27112 S 0.7 0.3 0:37.50 libvirtd
2604 root 20 0 48000 4772 1600 S 0.7 0.0 0:44.92 systemd-ud+
4701 root 20 0 48000 6616 3416 S 0.7 0.1 0:43.52 systemd-ud+
21966 root 20 0 780024 31784 17092 S 0.7 0.3 0:33.25 snapd
udevadm monitor结果：
ashutosh@ashutosh-Lenovo-G50-80:~$ udevadm monitor
monitor will print the received events for:
UDEV - the event which udev sends out after rule processing
KERNEL - the kernel uevent
UDEV [4527.590214] remove /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
UDEV [4527.605280] remove /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4527.720709] add /module/nvidia (module)
KERNEL[4527.721492] add /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4527.721563] add /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4527.721932] remove /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4527.721984] remove /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
UDEV [4527.736603] add /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4527.744206] remove /module/nvidia (module)
UDEV [4527.746470] add /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
UDEV [4527.759300] remove /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
UDEV [4527.774551] remove /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4527.885168] add /module/nvidia (module)
KERNEL[4527.885935] add /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4527.886011] add /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4527.886380] remove /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4527.886433] remove /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4527.900224] remove /module/nvidia (module)
UDEV [4527.902492] add /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
UDEV [4527.911873] add /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
UDEV [4527.926199] remove /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
UDEV [4527.940766] remove /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4528.048687] add /module/nvidia (module)
KERNEL[4528.049406] add /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4528.049477] add /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4528.049817] remove /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4528.049866] remove /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
UDEV [4528.066313] add /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4528.072171] remove /module/nvidia (module)
UDEV [4528.075653] add /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
UDEV [4528.088961] remove /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
UDEV [4528.090611] add /module/nvidia (module)
UDEV [4528.101611] remove /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
UDEV [4528.112995] remove /module/nvidia (module)
KERNEL[4528.245592] add /module/nvidia (module)
KERNEL[4528.246903] add /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4528.247002] add /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4528.247526] remove /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4528.247599] remove /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4528.260227] remove /module/nvidia (module)
UDEV [4528.262239] add /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
UDEV [4528.272641] add /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
UDEV [4528.288292] remove /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
UDEV [4528.300851] remove /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4528.402297] add /module/nvidia (module)
KERNEL[4528.403053] add /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4528.403126] add /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4528.403492] remove /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4528.403542] remove /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4528.416235] remove /module/nvidia (module)
UDEV [4528.419266] add /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
UDEV [4528.428287] add /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
UDEV [4528.443380] remove /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
UDEV [4528.456770] remove /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4528.555878] add /module/nvidia (module)
KERNEL[4528.556659] add /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4528.556739] add /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4528.557108] remove /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4528.557160] remove /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4528.572199] remove /module/nvidia (module)
UDEV [4528.572770] add /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
UDEV [4528.582049] add /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
UDEV [4528.595829] remove /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
UDEV [4528.610358] remove /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4528.713648] add /module/nvidia (module)
KERNEL[4528.714387] add /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4528.714461] add /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4528.714798] remove /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4528.714856] remove /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4528.728260] remove /module/nvidia (module)
UDEV [4528.731368] add /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
UDEV [4528.741057] add /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
UDEV [4528.751104] add /module/nvidia (module)
UDEV [4528.754985] remove /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
UDEV [4528.765928] remove /module/nvidia (module)
UDEV [4528.769766] remove /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4528.898017] add /module/nvidia (module)
KERNEL[4528.898776] add /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4528.898852] add /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4528.899224] remove /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4528.899274] remove /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4528.912328] remove /module/nvidia (module)
UDEV [4528.913607] add /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
UDEV [4528.923057] add /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
UDEV [4528.938895] remove /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
UDEV [4528.951204] remove /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4529.053251] add /module/nvidia (module)
KERNEL[4529.053993] add /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4529.054067] add /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4529.054430] remove /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4529.054482] remove /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4529.068218] remove /module/nvidia (module)
UDEV [4529.069977] add /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
UDEV [4529.079324] add /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
UDEV [4529.094377] remove /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
UDEV [4529.107379] remove /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4529.210655] add /module/nvidia (module)
KERNEL[4529.211399] add /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4529.211476] add /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4529.211834] remove /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4529.211881] remove /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4529.224166] remove /module/nvidia (module)
UDEV [4529.226843] add /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
UDEV [4529.237124] add /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
UDEV [4529.252801] remove /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
UDEV [4529.265856] remove /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4529.366827] add /module/nvidia (module)
KERNEL[4529.367552] add /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4529.367626] add /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4529.367955] remove /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4529.368055] remove /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
UDEV [4529.383073] add /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4529.384195] remove /module/nvidia (module)
UDEV [4529.392245] add /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
UDEV [4529.404878] add /module/nvidia (module)
UDEV [4529.408027] remove /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
UDEV [4529.419792] remove /module/nvidia (module)
UDEV [4529.425247] remove /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4529.567700] add /module/nvidia (module)
KERNEL[4529.568567] add /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4529.568670] add /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4529.569048] remove /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4529.569120] remove /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
UDEV [4529.585039] add /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
UDEV [4529.595090] add /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4529.600162] remove /module/nvidia (module)
UDEV [4529.609379] remove /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
UDEV [4529.623199] remove /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4529.763077] add /module/nvidia (module)
KERNEL[4529.764182] add /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4529.764299] add /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4529.764784] remove /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4529.764865] remove /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
UDEV [4529.780412] add /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4529.788177] remove /module/nvidia (module)
UDEV [4529.790516] add /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
UDEV [4529.803121] remove /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
UDEV [4529.818311] remove /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4530.027936] add /module/nvidia (module)
KERNEL[4530.029017] add /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4530.029131] add /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4530.029612] remove /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4530.029691] remove /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
UDEV [4530.045657] add /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4530.052206] remove /module/nvidia (module)
UDEV [4530.057300] add /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
UDEV [4530.070458] remove /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
UDEV [4530.086839] remove /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4530.206142] add /module/nvidia (module)
KERNEL[4530.206865] add /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4530.206955] add /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4530.207302] remove /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4530.207336] remove /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
UDEV [4530.223105] add /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4530.224214] remove /module/nvidia (module)
UDEV [4530.234185] add /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
UDEV [4530.243977] add /module/nvidia (module)
UDEV [4530.247910] remove /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
UDEV [4530.259226] remove /module/nvidia (module)
UDEV [4530.262211] remove /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4530.391019] add /module/nvidia (module)
KERNEL[4530.391904] add /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4530.391982] add /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4530.392415] remove /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
KERNEL[4530.392468] remove /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
UDEV [4530.408068] add /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
UDEV [4530.418642] add /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
KERNEL[4530.420181] remove /module/nvidia (module)
UDEV [4530.431689] remove /kernel/slab/:0012288 (slab)
UDEV [4530.445422] remove /bus/pci/drivers/nvidia-nvswitch (drivers)
我的lspci -k和dmesg输出，dmesg输出只是永远重复，如下所示：
[ 7645.281540] PKCS#7 signature not signed with a trusted key
[ 7645.295973] nvidia-nvlink: Nvlink Core is being initialized, major device number 240
[ 7645.296392] NVRM: No NVIDIA graphics adapter found!
[ 7645.296614] nvidia-nvlink: Unregistered the Nvlink Core, major device number 240
[ 7645.462797] PKCS#7 signature not signed with a trusted key
[ 7645.478302] nvidia-nvlink: Nvlink Core is being initialized, major device number 240
[ 7645.478703] NVRM: No NVIDIA graphics adapter found!
[ 7645.478886] nvidia-nvlink: Unregistered the Nvlink Core, major device number 240
ashutosh@ashutosh-Lenovo-G50-80:~$ man lspci
ashutosh@ashutosh-Lenovo-G50-80:~$ lspci -k
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Broadwell-U Host Bridge -OPI (rev 09)
Subsystem: Lenovo Broadwell-U Host Bridge -OPI
Kernel driver in use: bdw_uncore
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation HD Graphics 5500 (rev 09)
Subsystem: Lenovo HD Graphics 5500
Kernel driver in use: i915
Kernel modules: i915
00:03.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Broadwell-U Audio Controller (rev 09)
Subsystem: Lenovo Broadwell-U Audio Controller
Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Wildcat Point-LP USB xHCI Controller (rev 03)
Subsystem: Lenovo Wildcat Point-LP USB xHCI Controller
Kernel driver in use: xhci_hcd
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Wildcat Point-LP MEI Controller #1 (rev 03)
Subsystem: Lenovo Wildcat Point-LP MEI Controller
Kernel driver in use: mei_me
Kernel modules: mei_me
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Wildcat Point-LP High Definition Audio Controller (rev 03)
Subsystem: Lenovo Wildcat Point-LP High Definition Audio Controller
Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Wildcat Point-LP PCI Express Root Port #1 (rev e3)
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
Kernel modules: shpchp
00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Wildcat Point-LP PCI Express Root Port #3 (rev e3)
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
Kernel modules: shpchp
00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Wildcat Point-LP PCI Express Root Port #4 (rev e3)
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
Kernel modules: shpchp
00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Wildcat Point-LP PCI Express Root Port #5 (rev e3)
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
Kernel modules: shpchp
00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Wildcat Point-LP USB EHCI Controller (rev 03)
Subsystem: Lenovo Wildcat Point-LP USB EHCI Controller
Kernel driver in use: ehci-pci
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Wildcat Point-LP LPC Controller (rev 03)
Subsystem: Lenovo Wildcat Point-LP LPC Controller
Kernel driver in use: lpc_ich
Kernel modules: lpc_ich
00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Wildcat Point-LP SATA Controller [AHCI Mode] (rev 03)
Subsystem: Lenovo Wildcat Point-LP SATA Controller [AHCI Mode]
Kernel driver in use: ahci
Kernel modules: ahci
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Wildcat Point-LP SMBus Controller (rev 03)
Subsystem: Lenovo Wildcat Point-LP SMBus Controller
Kernel driver in use: i801_smbus
Kernel modules: i2c_i801
02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 10)
Subsystem: Lenovo RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller
Kernel driver in use: r8169
Kernel modules: r8169
03:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Limited BCM43142 802.11b/g/n (rev 01)
Subsystem: Lenovo BCM43142 802.11b/g/n
Kernel driver in use: wl
Kernel modules: wl
04:00.0 Display controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Sun LE [Radeon HD 8550M / R5 M230]
Subsystem: Lenovo Sun LE [Radeon HD 8550M / R5 M230]
Kernel driver in use: radeon
Kernel modules: radeon, amdgpu
答案1
Nvidia 驱动程序导致 Ubuntu 18.04+ 出现问题。卸载 Nvidia 驱动程序以及与之相关的所有内容。这解决了我的问题：
sudo apt-get purge nvidia-*