我的 Ubuntu 安装只会每隔一段时间进入 grub 菜单（有时甚至不会）。其他时候它会显示一个空白屏幕，顶部有一排奇怪的伪影。
我不知道该如何处理这个问题。
结果/etc/lsb-release：
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=14.10
DISTRIB_CODENAME=utopic
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 14.10"
结果lshw：
steamerduck
description: Desktop Computer
product: M51AC (All)
vendor: ASUSTeK COMPUTER INC.
version: System Version
serial: DAPDCG001YN1
width: 64 bits
capabilities: smbios-2.7 dmi-2.7 vsyscall32
configuration: administrator_password=disabled boot=normal chassis=desktop family=Desktop frontpanel_password=disabled keyboard_password=disabled power-on_password=disabled sku=All uuid=F785E5B8-6B32-FB8F-3F0C-D850E6C1FFF2
*-core
description: Motherboard
product: M51AC
vendor: ASUSTeK COMPUTER INC.
physical id: 0
version: Rev X.0x
serial: 130916275700101
slot: To be filled by O.E.M.
*-firmware
description: BIOS
vendor: American Megatrends Inc.
physical id: 0
version: 0901
date: 07/25/2013
size: 64KiB
capacity: 15MiB
capabilities: pci apm upgrade shadowing cdboot bootselect socketedrom edd int13floppy1200 int13floppy720 int13floppy2880 int5printscreen int9keyboard int14serial int17printer acpi usb biosbootspecification uefi
*-memory:0 UNCLAIMED
physical id: 1
*-bank UNCLAIMED
description: DIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1600 MHz (0.6 ns)
product: MI64C1D1629Z1
vendor: Fujitsu
physical id: 0
serial: 00002545
slot: ChannelA-DIMM0
size: 8GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 1600MHz (0.6ns)
*-memory:1
description: System Memory
physical id: 41
slot: System board or motherboard
*-bank:0
description: DIMM [empty]
product: [Empty]
vendor: [Empty]
physical id: 0
serial: [Empty]
slot: ChannelA-DIMM1
*-bank:1
description: DIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1600 MHz (0.6 ns)
product: MI64C1D1629Z1
vendor: Fujitsu
physical id: 1
serial: 00010348
slot: ChannelB-DIMM0
size: 8GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 1600MHz (0.6ns)
*-bank:2
description: DIMM [empty]
product: [Empty]
vendor: [Empty]
physical id: 2
serial: [Empty]
slot: ChannelB-DIMM1
*-cache:0
description: L1 cache
physical id: 48
slot: CPU Internal L1
size: 256KiB
capacity: 256KiB
capabilities: internal write-back
*-cache:1
description: L2 cache
physical id: 49
slot: CPU Internal L2
size: 1MiB
capacity: 1MiB
capabilities: internal write-back unified
*-cache:2
description: L3 cache
physical id: 4a
slot: CPU Internal L3
size: 8MiB
capacity: 8MiB
capabilities: internal write-back unified
*-cpu
description: CPU
product: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4770 CPU @ 3.40GHz
vendor: Intel Corp.
physical id: 4e
bus info: cpu@0
version: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4770 CPU @ 3.40GHz
slot: SOCKET 1150
size: 2893MHz
capacity: 3900MHz
width: 64 bits
clock: 100MHz
capabilities: x86-64 fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm ida arat epb xsaveopt pln pts dtherm tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm cpufreq
configuration: cores=4 enabledcores=4 threads=8
*-memory:2 UNCLAIMED
physical id: 2
*-memory:3 UNCLAIMED
physical id: 3
*-pci
description: Host bridge
product: 4th Gen Core Processor DRAM Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 100
bus info: pci@0000:00:00.0
version: 06
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
configuration: driver=hsw_uncore
resources: irq:0
*-pci:0
description: PCI bridge
product: Xeon E3-1200 v3/4th Gen Core Processor PCI Express x16 Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1
bus info: pci@0000:00:01.0
version: 06
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci pm msi pciexpress normal_decode bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=pcieport
resources: irq:40 ioport:e000(size=4096) memory:f6000000-f70fffff ioport:e8000000(size=167772160)
*-display
description: VGA compatible controller
product: GF119 [GeForce GT 620 OEM]
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0
version: a1
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
configuration: driver=nouveau latency=0
resources: irq:45 memory:f6000000-f6ffffff memory:e8000000-efffffff memory:f0000000-f1ffffff ioport:e000(size=128) memory:f7000000-f707ffff
*-multimedia
description: Audio device
product: GF119 HDMI Audio Controller
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: 0.1
bus info: pci@0000:01:00.1
version: a1
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=snd_hda_intel latency=0
resources: irq:17 memory:f7080000-f7083fff
*-usb:0
description: USB controller
product: 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family USB xHCI
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 14
bus info: pci@0000:00:14.0
version: 05
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi xhci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=xhci_hcd latency=0
resources: irq:41 memory:f7200000-f720ffff
*-communication
description: Communication controller
product: 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 16
bus info: pci@0000:00:16.0
version: 04
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=mei_me latency=0
resources: irq:44 memory:f721b000-f721b00f
*-usb:1
description: USB controller
product: 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family USB EHCI #2
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1a
bus info: pci@0000:00:1a.0
version: 05
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ehci-pci latency=0
resources: irq:20 memory:f7218000-f72183ff
*-multimedia
description: Audio device
product: 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset High Definition Audio Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1b
bus info: pci@0000:00:1b.0
version: 05
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=snd_hda_intel latency=0
resources: irq:46 memory:f7210000-f7213fff
*-pci:1
description: PCI bridge
product: 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #1
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1c
bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.0
version: d5
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=pcieport
resources: irq:16
*-pci:2
description: PCI bridge
product: 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #3
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1c.2
bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.2
version: d5
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=pcieport
resources: irq:18 ioport:d000(size=4096) memory:f7100000-f71fffff ioport:f2100000(size=1048576)
*-network
description: Ethernet interface
product: RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller
vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0
logical name: p2p1
version: 0c
serial: d8:50:e6:c1:ff:f2
size: 1Gbit/s
capacity: 1Gbit/s
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation
configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=full firmware=rtl8168g-2_0.0.1 02/06/13 ip=10.200.8.1 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=MII speed=1Gbit/s
resources: irq:43 ioport:d000(size=256) memory:f7100000-f7100fff memory:f2100000-f2103fff
*-usb:2
description: USB controller
product: 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family USB EHCI #1
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1d
bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.0
version: 05
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ehci-pci latency=0
resources: irq:23 memory:f7217000-f72173ff
*-isa
description: ISA bridge
product: H87 Express LPC Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1f
bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.0
version: 05
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: isa bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=lpc_ich latency=0
resources: irq:0
*-storage
description: SATA controller
product: 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family 6-port SATA Controller 1 [AHCI mode]
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1f.2
bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.2
version: 05
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: storage msi pm ahci_1.0 bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ahci latency=0
resources: irq:42 ioport:f070(size=8) ioport:f060(size=4) ioport:f050(size=8) ioport:f040(size=4) ioport:f020(size=32) memory:f7216000-f72167ff
*-serial UNCLAIMED
description: SMBus
product: 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1f.3
bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.3
version: 05
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
configuration: latency=0
resources: memory:f7215000-f72150ff ioport:f000(size=32)
*-scsi:0
physical id: 4
logical name: scsi0
capabilities: emulated
*-disk
description: ATA Disk
product: ST1000DM003-1CH1
vendor: Seagate
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/sda
version: CC44
serial: S1DFDD7H
size: 931GiB (1TB)
capabilities: gpt-1.00 partitioned partitioned:gpt
configuration: ansiversion=5 guid=0a91f613-f745-44f9-8fe0-41b293aed014 sectorsize=4096
*-volume:0
description: Windows FAT volume
vendor: mkfs.fat
physical id: 1
bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,1
logical name: /dev/sda1
logical name: /boot/efi
version: FAT32
serial: d7a3-dd22
size: 510MiB
capacity: 511MiB
capabilities: fat initialized
configuration: FATs=2 filesystem=fat mount.fstype=vfat mount.options=rw,relatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro state=mounted
*-volume:1
description: EXT4 volume
vendor: Linux
physical id: 2
bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,2
logical name: /dev/sda2
logical name: /
version: 1.0
serial: 6c2d46cb-cd6c-448e-878a-917593a1f9d9
size: 915GiB
capabilities: journaled extended_attributes large_files huge_files dir_nlink recover extents ext4 ext2 initialized
configuration: created=2015-04-22 11:25:46 filesystem=ext4 lastmountpoint=/ modified=2015-05-06 10:18:47 mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered mounted=2015-05-06 10:18:47 state=mounted
*-volume:2
description: Linux swap volume
vendor: Linux
physical id: 3
bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,3
logical name: /dev/sda3
version: 1
serial: d382d094-e701-4d7f-9da1-beb6d0a35734
size: 15GiB
capacity: 15GiB
capabilities: nofs swap initialized
configuration: filesystem=swap pagesize=4095
*-scsi:1
physical id: 5
logical name: scsi5
capabilities: emulated
*-cdrom
description: DVD-RAM writer
product: DVD A DH24ACSH
vendor: ATAPI
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@5:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/cdrom
logical name: /dev/cdrw
logical name: /dev/dvd
logical name: /dev/dvdrw
logical name: /dev/sr0
version: LAA4
capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r dvd-ram
configuration: ansiversion=5 status=ready
*-medium
physical id: 0
logical name: /dev/cdrom
capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
configuration: signature=1c62b002
*-volume UNCLAIMED
description: Windows FAT volume
vendor: mkfs.fat
physical id: 2
version: FAT12
serial: d5c9-8bb9
size: 15EiB
capabilities: primary fat initialized
configuration: FATs=2 filesystem=fat label=Firmware
*-scsi:2
physical id: 6
bus info: usb@1:1.2
logical name: scsi6
capabilities: emulated scsi-host
configuration: driver=usb-storage
*-disk:0
description: SCSI Disk
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@6:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/sdb
configuration: sectorsize=512
*-disk:1
description: SCSI Disk
physical id: 0.0.1
bus info: scsi@6:0.0.1
logical name: /dev/sdc
configuration: sectorsize=512
*-disk:2
description: SCSI Disk
physical id: 0.0.2
bus info: scsi@6:0.0.2
logical name: /dev/sdd
configuration: sectorsize=512
*-disk:3
description: SCSI Disk
physical id: 0.0.3
bus info: scsi@6:0.0.3
logical name: /dev/sde
configuration: sectorsize=512
*-power UNCLAIMED
description: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
product: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
vendor: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
physical id: 1
version: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
serial: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
capacity: 32768mWh
结果/etc/default/grub：
# If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update
# /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
# For full documentation of the options in this file, see:
# info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'
GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="splash quiet"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
# Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs
# This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains
# the memory map information from GRUB (GNU Mach, kernel of FreeBSD ...)
#GRUB_BADRAM="0x01234567,0xfefefefe,0x89abcdef,0xefefefef"
# Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only)
#GRUB_TERMINAL=console
# The resolution used on graphical terminal
# note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE
# you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo'
#GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480
# Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux
#GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true
# Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries
#GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
# Uncomment to get a beep at grub start
#GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1"
结果smartctl：
答案1
您是否测试过硬盘是否有错误？检查您的 SMART 日志并运行 Spinrite 或 Drive Fitness Test 之类的程序。对我来说，这听起来像是读取错误（坏扇区）导致错误更正率过高，导致硬盘放弃。
答案2
问题是 grub 会自动使用默认配置启动。此默认配置会弄乱显示设置。
发生这种情况时，我会按住电源按钮来关闭机器。下次启动时，它注意到没有完全关闭，因此我会看到 grub 菜单。
选择菜单中的条目将导致它成功启动。解决方法是在启动过程中按住 shift强制显示菜单。