为什么 /tmp 挂载权限为 0755,而 fstab 为 1777?

为什么 /tmp 挂载权限为 0755,而 fstab 为 1777?

对于/tmpin /etc/fstab,我有mode=1777,但重新启动后,权限/tmp0755。另一个目录/var/tmp的配置方式完全相同,但不存在此问题(见下文)。这是运行 Ubuntu 18.04 服务器的 Raspberry Pi。根文件系统是以只读方式安装的 microSD 卡。

使权限永久化的正确方法是什么1777

以下是一些其他详细信息(全新启动后):

$ touch /tmp/test
touch: cannot touch '/tmp/test': Permission denied

$ whoami
ubuntu

$ ls -ld /tmp /var/tmp
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 180 Dec 26 13:54 /tmp
drwxrwxrwt 4 root root  80 Dec 26 13:54 /var/tmp

$ mount |grep /tmp
tmpfs on /var/tmp type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,noatime,size=65536k)
tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,noatime,size=131072k)

$ grep /tmp /etc/fstab
tmpfs  /var/tmp  tmpfs  defaults,noatime,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=1777,size=64M   0  0
tmpfs  /tmp      tmpfs  defaults,noatime,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=1777,size=128M  0  0

$ sudo systemctl status tmp.mount
● tmp.mount - /tmp
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/fstab; generated)
   Active: active (mounted) since Sun 2018-01-28 15:58:18 UTC; 10 months 27 days ago
    Where: /tmp
     What: tmpfs
     Docs: man:fstab(5)
           man:systemd-fstab-generator(8)
  Process: 642 ExecMount=/bin/mount tmpfs /tmp -t tmpfs -o defaults,noatime,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=1777,size=128M (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    Tasks: 0 (limit: 2146)
   CGroup: /system.slice/tmp.mount

Jan 28 15:58:18 testsystem systemd[1]: Mounting /tmp...
Jan 28 15:58:18 testsystem systemd[1]: Mounted /tmp.

$ grep -R '/tmp' /etc/tmpfiles.d /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d
/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/x11.conf:D! /tmp/.X11-unix 1777 root root 10d
/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/x11.conf:D! /tmp/.ICE-unix 1777 root root 10d
/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/x11.conf:D! /tmp/.XIM-unix 1777 root root 10d
/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/x11.conf:D! /tmp/.font-unix 1777 root root 10d
/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/x11.conf:D! /tmp/.Test-unix 1777 root root 10d
/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/x11.conf:r! /tmp/.X[0-9]*-lock
/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/tmp.conf:D /tmp 1777 root root -
/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/tmp.conf:#q /var/tmp 1777 root root 30d
/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/tmp.conf:x /tmp/systemd-private-%b-*
/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/tmp.conf:X /tmp/systemd-private-%b-*/tmp
/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/tmp.conf:x /var/tmp/systemd-private-%b-*
/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/tmp.conf:X /var/tmp/systemd-private-%b-*/tmp
/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/tmp.conf:R! /tmp/systemd-private-*
/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/tmp.conf:R! /var/tmp/systemd-private-*

$ sudo chmod 1777 /tmp

$ ls -ld /tmp /var/tmp
drwxrwxrwt 9 root root 180 Dec 26 13:55 /tmp
drwxrwxrwt 4 root root  80 Dec 26 13:55 /var/tmp

$ cat /etc/rc.local
#!/bin/bash
service ntp start
exit 0

$ uname -a
Linux testsystem 4.15.0-1030-raspi2 #32-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT Fri Dec 7 09:15:28 UTC 2018 armv7l armv7l armv7l GNU/Linux

相关的、未回答的问题:

答案1

这是我初始配置的一部分(因为/以只读方式安装):

sudo rm -rf /var/spool && sudo ln -s /tmp /var/spool

显然在启动时,系统会这样做chmod 755 /var/spool,这/tmp在我的情况下发生了变化。

修复方法是将符号链接替换为普通目录并添加第三个tmpfs挂载:

sudo rm -rf /var/spool && sudo mkdir /var/spool && sudo chmod 755 /var/spool
echo 'tmpfs /var/spool tmpfs  defaults,noatime,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=0755,size=64M   0  0' |sudo tee -a /etc/fstab

感谢大家的评论,引导我走向正确的方向,特别是 Filipe Brandenburger 的“你有其他脚本或单元在启动时弄乱 /tmp 吗?”

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