当我连接 USB 3.0 棒时dmesg显示：
[ 3308.966755] usb 2-1.1: new SuperSpeed USB device number 5 using xhci_hcd
[ 3308.987443] usb 2-1.1: New USB device found, idVendor=0781, idProduct=5583
[ 3308.987444] usb 2-1.1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[ 3308.987445] usb 2-1.1: Product: Ultra Fit
[ 3308.987446] usb 2-1.1: Manufacturer: SanDisk
[ 3308.987447] usb 2-1.1: SerialNumber: 4C530001130125108084
[ 3308.987973] usb-storage 2-1.1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[ 3308.988102] scsi host8: usb-storage 2-1.1:1.0
[ 3310.003801] scsi 8:0:0:0: Direct-Access SanDisk Ultra Fit 1.00 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
[ 3310.004113] sd 8:0:0:0: [sde] 60062500 512-byte logical blocks: (30.8 GB/28.6 GiB)
[ 3310.004332] sd 8:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg5 type 0
[ 3310.004725] sd 8:0:0:0: [sde] Write Protect is off
[ 3310.004727] sd 8:0:0:0: [sde] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00
[ 3310.004993] sd 8:0:0:0: [sde] Write cache: disabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[ 3310.011636] sde:
[ 3310.012638] sd 8:0:0:0: [sde] Attached SCSI removable disk
[ 3337.899311] usb 1-2: USB disconnect, device number 14
[ 3337.916315] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] Synchronizing SCSI cache
[ 3338.164228] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] Synchronize Cache(10) failed: Result: hostbyte=DID_ERROR driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 3345.232408] usb 2-1.1: USB disconnect, device number 5
但是当我将 USB 3.0 硬盘连接到同一端口时，dmesg会显示：
[ 3354.269053] usb 1-1.1: new high-speed USB device number 16 using xhci_hcd
[ 3354.449932] usb 1-1.1: New USB device found, idVendor=152d, idProduct=0579
[ 3354.449936] usb 1-1.1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[ 3354.449939] usb 1-1.1: Product: External USB-3.0
[ 3354.449941] usb 1-1.1: Manufacturer: Intenso
[ 3354.449943] usb 1-1.1: SerialNumber: 2015112320089
[ 3354.451081] scsi host6: uas
[ 3354.451512] scsi 6:0:0:0: Direct-Access Intenso External USB-3.0 1201 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
[ 3354.452039] sd 6:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0
[ 3357.101531] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] 1953525168 512-byte logical blocks: (1.00 TB/932 GiB)
[ 3357.101533] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] 4096-byte physical blocks
[ 3357.101709] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] Write Protect is off
[ 3357.101710] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] Mode Sense: 5f 00 00 08
[ 3357.101963] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[ 3357.108787] sdc: sdc1
[ 3357.110080] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI disk
[ 3411.218491] usb 1-1.1: USB disconnect, device number 16
[ 3411.236156] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] Synchronizing SCSI cache
[ 3411.488046] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] Synchronize Cache(10) failed: Result: hostbyte=DID_ERROR driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
我的dd基准测试确认了 USB 2.0 速度：
user@host:~> sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/largefile bs=8k count=2000000
dd: error writing '/mnt/largefile': File too large
524288+0 records in
524287+0 records out
4294967295 bytes (4.3 GB, 4.0 GiB) copied, 54.0439 s, 79.5 MB/s
user@host:~> sudo sh -c "sync && echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
[sudo] password for root:
user@host:~> dd if=/mnt/largefile of=/dev/null bs=8k
524287+1 records in
524287+1 records out
4294967295 bytes (4.3 GB, 4.0 GiB) copied, 101.613 s, 42.3 MB/s
同时lsusb -v确认了“超高速能力”
user@host:~> sudo lsusb -v -D /dev/bus/usb/001/018
Device: ID 152d:0579 JMicron Technology Corp. / JMicron USA Technology Corp.
Device Descriptor:
bLength 18
bDescriptorType 1
bcdUSB 2.10
bDeviceClass 0
bDeviceSubClass 0
bDeviceProtocol 0
bMaxPacketSize0 64
idVendor 0x152d JMicron Technology Corp. / JMicron USA Technology Corp.
idProduct 0x0579
bcdDevice 1.00
iManufacturer 1 Intenso
iProduct 2 External USB-3.0
iSerial 3 2015112320089
bNumConfigurations 1
Configuration Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 2
wTotalLength 85
bNumInterfaces 1
bConfigurationValue 1
iConfiguration 0
bmAttributes 0x80
(Bus Powered)
MaxPower 500mA
Interface Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 4
bInterfaceNumber 0
bAlternateSetting 0
bNumEndpoints 2
bInterfaceClass 8 Mass Storage
bInterfaceSubClass 6 SCSI
bInterfaceProtocol 80 Bulk-Only
iInterface 0
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN
bmAttributes 2
Transfer Type Bulk
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0200 1x 512 bytes
bInterval 0
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x02 EP 2 OUT
bmAttributes 2
Transfer Type Bulk
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0200 1x 512 bytes
bInterval 0
Interface Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 4
bInterfaceNumber 0
bAlternateSetting 1
bNumEndpoints 4
bInterfaceClass 8 Mass Storage
bInterfaceSubClass 6 SCSI
bInterfaceProtocol 98
iInterface 0
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x01 EP 1 OUT
bmAttributes 2
Transfer Type Bulk
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0200 1x 512 bytes
bInterval 0
Command pipe (0x01)
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x82 EP 2 IN
bmAttributes 2
Transfer Type Bulk
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0200 1x 512 bytes
bInterval 0
Status pipe (0x02)
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x83 EP 3 IN
bmAttributes 2
Transfer Type Bulk
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0200 1x 512 bytes
bInterval 0
Data-in pipe (0x03)
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x04 EP 4 OUT
bmAttributes 2
Transfer Type Bulk
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0200 1x 512 bytes
bInterval 0
Data-out pipe (0x04)
Binary Object Store Descriptor:
bLength 5
bDescriptorType 15
wTotalLength 22
bNumDeviceCaps 2
USB 2.0 Extension Device Capability:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 16
bDevCapabilityType 2
bmAttributes 0x00000f0e
BESL Link Power Management (LPM) Supported
BESL value 3840 us
SuperSpeed USB Device Capability:
bLength 10
bDescriptorType 16
bDevCapabilityType 3
bmAttributes 0x00
wSpeedsSupported 0x000e
Device can operate at Full Speed (12Mbps)
Device can operate at High Speed (480Mbps)
Device can operate at SuperSpeed (5Gbps)
bFunctionalitySupport 1
Lowest fully-functional device speed is Full Speed (12Mbps)
bU1DevExitLat 10 micro seconds
bU2DevExitLat 32 micro seconds
can't get debug descriptor: Resource temporarily unavailable
Device Status: 0x0000
(Bus Powered)
lsusb -t这是USB 棒的输出：
/: Bus 04.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci-pci/2p, 480M
|__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/6p, 480M
/: Bus 03.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci-pci/2p, 480M
|__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/4p, 480M
/: Bus 02.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/2p, 5000M
|__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/4p, 5000M
|__ Port 1: Dev 6, If 0, Class=Mass Storage, Driver=usb-storage, 5000M
/: Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/10p, 480M
|__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/4p, 480M
|__ Port 3: Dev 3, If 0, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 1.5M
|__ Port 3: Dev 3, If 1, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 1.5M
|__ Port 8: Dev 15, If 0, Class=Mass Storage, Driver=usb-storage, 480M
|__ Port 9: Dev 5, If 0, Class=Audio, Driver=snd-usb-audio, 12M
|__ Port 9: Dev 5, If 1, Class=Audio, Driver=snd-usb-audio, 12M
|__ Port 9: Dev 5, If 2, Class=Audio, Driver=snd-usb-audio, 12M
|__ Port 9: Dev 5, If 3, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 12M
|__ Port 10: Dev 6, If 1, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 1.5M
|__ Port 10: Dev 6, If 0, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 1.5M
这是lsusb -t连接硬盘的情况到同一个端口:
sudo lsusb -t -D /dev/bus/usb/001/018
/: Bus 04.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci-pci/2p, 480M
|__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/6p, 480M
/: Bus 03.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci-pci/2p, 480M
|__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/4p, 480M
/: Bus 02.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/2p, 5000M
|__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/4p, 5000M
/: Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/10p, 480M
|__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/4p, 480M
|__ Port 1: Dev 18, If 0, Class=Mass Storage, Driver=uas, 480M
|__ Port 3: Dev 3, If 0, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 1.5M
|__ Port 3: Dev 3, If 1, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 1.5M
|__ Port 8: Dev 15, If 0, Class=Mass Storage, Driver=usb-storage, 480M
|__ Port 9: Dev 5, If 0, Class=Audio, Driver=snd-usb-audio, 12M
|__ Port 9: Dev 5, If 1, Class=Audio, Driver=snd-usb-audio, 12M
|__ Port 9: Dev 5, If 2, Class=Audio, Driver=snd-usb-audio, 12M
|__ Port 9: Dev 5, If 3, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 12M
|__ Port 10: Dev 6, If 1, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 1.5M
|__ Port 10: Dev 6, If 0, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 1.5M如何让该设备以 USB 3.0 运行超高速？
答案1
简短版本：
你的Intenso 外置 SSD如果您购买了高性能型号，则已经达到最佳性能。但是，如果您购买了顶级性能型号，您应该：
- 先尝试另一根USB3.1电缆
- 排除电缆问题后，请联系制造商。
长版本：
所有 USB 电缆都是相同的，但有些电缆比其他电缆更平等：
USB 2.0 布局：
Pin Colour Name Description 1 Red VCC +5 VDC 2 White D- Data - 3 Green D+ Data + 4 Black GND GroundUSB 3.x 布局：
Pin Colour Name Description A connector B connector 1 Red VBUS Power 2 White D− USB 2.0 differential pair 3 Green D+ 4 Black GND Ground for power return 5 Blue StdA_SSRX− StdB_SSTX− SuperSpeed receiver differential pair 6 Yellow StdA_SSRX+ StdB_SSTX+ 7 N/A GND_DRAIN Ground for signal return 8 Purple StdA_SSTX− StdB_SSRX− SuperSpeed transmitter differential pair 9 Orange StdA_SSTX+ StdB_SSRX+因此，如果您的电缆损坏或电缆错误，您应该更换它，否则您将退回到 USB 2.0。
SSD 的两个主要部分是控制器桥和实际的与非门筹码。就你而言，智微控制器桥是有能力的的超高速，但 SSD 中的实际 NAND 是只能够高速正如你的测试所证实的。
SuperSpeed 和高速 NAND 有什么区别？
因此，您的（小型）USB 记忆棒包含支持 SuperSpeed 的控制器和 NAND，但您的（大型）SSD 仅包含支持 SuperSpeed 的控制器，但不包含与之配套的 NAND。
由于您向我们提供了很多信息，但没有提供 SSD 的实际型号，因此我们无法检查您是否购买了高性能型号而不是顶级性能型号，因为 Intenso 并未在其网站上发布 USB ID。一般来说，顶级性能型号的价格是高性能型号的两倍，因此在不太可能的情况下您确实购买了顶级性能型号，但制造商存在混淆，您应该联系他们并要求更换。