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图形在 LaTeX 中未正确居中，请帮忙！

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图形在 LaTeX 中未正确居中，请帮忙！

我正在用 LaTeX 制作一个图形，其代码如下。最终结果是，图形不在页面中央，页面左侧的偏移量大于页面右侧的偏移量。请告诉我有什么办法可以解决这个问题？

\documentclass[a4paper]{article}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}
\usepackage{verbatim}

\begin{document}
\pagestyle{empty}

\begin{figure}    

\tikzstyle{int}=[draw,  minimum size=2em]
\tikzstyle{init} = [pin edge={to-,thick,black}]
\tikzset{  sum/.style      = {draw, circle, node distance = 2cm}}

\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3cm,auto,>=latex']
\centering
\node at (-1,0)[int] (Source) {Source};
\node at (3,0)[int] (Modulation) {Modulation - QAM};
\node at (6,0)[circle,draw] (Adder) {\Large$+$};
\node at (6,-2)[int] (AWGN) {AWGN Channel};
\node at (8.7,0)[int] (Demodulation) {Demodulation};
\node at (13,0)[int] (BER) {BER Meter};

\draw[->](Source) -- node {$\overline{u}$}(Modulation);
\draw[->](Modulation) -- node {$\overline{x}$}(Adder);
\draw[->](AWGN) -- node {$\overline{n}$}(Adder);
\draw[->](Adder) -- node {$\overline{y}$}(Demodulation);
\draw[->](Demodulation) -- node {$  \hat{\overline{u}}  $}(BER);

\draw (0.85,0) -- (0.85,1.5);
\draw (0.85,1.5) -- (13,1.5);
\draw [->] (13,1.5) -- node {}(BER);

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

谢谢

答案1

当尝试将某个内容置于页面中央时，TeX本质上要做的就是平衡对象两侧的水平排版宽度。当您尝试居中的元素大于此宽度时，它将与左侧对齐并溢出右侧边距。在下图中，我已经添加了showframe概述我所说的水平宽度的包（tikzpicture 所在的大块）。它还显示，右边距确实溢出了：

http://i.imgur.com/KItAUqv.png?1

事实上，你的tikzpicture大于水平排版宽度的参数，\hsize或者说 相同\linewidth（对你来说这可能是更直观的参数），通过将键添加scale到你的tikzpicture并将其设置为.5（任意值）可以更轻松地显示出来。这使得tikzpicture小于水平排版宽度。下图可能有助于直观地理解你的tikzpicture现在居中了：

http://i.imgur.com/aA5wc4V.png?2

\documentclass[a4paper]{article}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}
\usepackage{verbatim}
\usepackage{showframe}% added to show that the figure is being centered

\begin{document}
\pagestyle{empty}

\begin{figure}    

\tikzstyle{int}=[draw,  minimum size=2em]
\tikzstyle{init} = [pin edge={to-,thick,black}]
\tikzset{  sum/.style      = {draw, circle, node distance = 2cm}}

\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3cm,auto,>=latex',scale=.5]
\node at (-1,0)[int] (Source) {Source};
\node at (3,0)[int] (Modulation) {Modulation - QAM};
\node at (6,0)[circle,draw] (Adder) {\Large$+$};
\node at (6,-2)[int] (AWGN) {AWGN Channel};
\node at (8.7,0)[int] (Demodulation) {Demodulation};
\node at (13,0)[int] (BER) {BER Meter};

\draw[->](Source) -- node {$\overline{u}$}(Modulation);
\draw[->](Modulation) -- node {$\overline{x}$}(Adder);
\draw[->](AWGN) -- node {$\overline{n}$}(Adder);
\draw[->](Adder) -- node {$\overline{y}$}(Demodulation);
\draw[->](Demodulation) -- node {$  \hat{\overline{u}}  $}(BER);

\draw (0.85,0) -- (0.85,1.5);
\draw (0.85,1.5) -- (13,1.5);
\draw [->] (13,1.5) -- node {}(BER);

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

解决这个问题的方法是例如旋转 tikzpicture，这可以通过使用来完成rotatebox：

http://i.imgur.com/ov4yPTm.png?1

\documentclass[a4paper]{article}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}
\usepackage{verbatim}
\usepackage{showframe}% added to show that the figure is being centered

\begin{document}
\pagestyle{empty}

\begin{figure}    

\tikzstyle{int}=[draw,  minimum size=2em]
\tikzstyle{init} = [pin edge={to-,thick,black}]
\tikzset{  sum/.style      = {draw, circle, node distance = 2cm}}

\centering
\rotatebox{90}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3cm,auto,>=latex']
\node at (-1,0)[int] (Source) {Source};
\node at (3,0)[int] (Modulation) {Modulation - QAM};
\node at (6,0)[circle,draw] (Adder) {\Large$+$};
\node at (6,-2)[int] (AWGN) {AWGN Channel};
\node at (8.7,0)[int] (Demodulation) {Demodulation};
\node at (13,0)[int] (BER) {BER Meter};

\draw[->](Source) -- node {$\overline{u}$}(Modulation);
\draw[->](Modulation) -- node {$\overline{x}$}(Adder);
\draw[->](AWGN) -- node {$\overline{n}$}(Adder);
\draw[->](Adder) -- node {$\overline{y}$}(Demodulation);
\draw[->](Demodulation) -- node {$  \hat{\overline{u}}  $}(BER);

\draw (0.85,0) -- (0.85,1.5);
\draw (0.85,1.5) -- (13,1.5);
\draw [->] (13,1.5) -- node {}(BER);

\end{tikzpicture}
}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

您还可以尝试重新缩放整个图片。考虑到您希望图片居中，潜在的含义是图片的宽度应小于水平排版宽度。使用键transform shape可确保scale键也会影响您的节点大小。我scale=.7在示例中使用了该值，但这个值当然可以根据您的需要进行调整：

http://i.imgur.com/FifmxV8.png?1

\documentclass[a4paper]{article}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}
\usepackage{verbatim}
\usepackage{showframe}% added to show that the figure is being centered

\begin{document}
\pagestyle{empty}

\begin{figure}    

\tikzstyle{int}=[draw,  minimum size=2em]
\tikzstyle{init} = [pin edge={to-,thick,black}]
\tikzset{  sum/.style      = {draw, circle, node distance = 2cm}}

\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3cm,auto,>=latex',scale=.7,transform shape]
\node at (-1,0)[int] (Source) {Source};
\node at (3,0)[int] (Modulation) {Modulation - QAM};
\node at (6,0)[circle,draw] (Adder) {\Large$+$};
\node at (6,-2)[int] (AWGN) {AWGN Channel};
\node at (8.7,0)[int] (Demodulation) {Demodulation};
\node at (13,0)[int] (BER) {BER Meter};

\draw[->](Source) -- node {$\overline{u}$}(Modulation);
\draw[->](Modulation) -- node {$\overline{x}$}(Adder);
\draw[->](AWGN) -- node {$\overline{n}$}(Adder);
\draw[->](Adder) -- node {$\overline{y}$}(Demodulation);
\draw[->](Demodulation) -- node {$  \hat{\overline{u}}  $}(BER);

\draw (0.85,0) -- (0.85,1.5);
\draw (0.85,1.5) -- (13,1.5);
\draw [->] (13,1.5) -- node {}(BER);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

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