我有一台 WD Elements 1TB 外置硬盘，过去几个月出现了一些待处理扇区，但看起来很奇怪。我查看了其他帖子，但到目前为止还没有看到类似情况。
我使用 Windows 和 Linux，在 Windows 上使用 HDTune 读取智能数据。偶尔，它会警告待处理扇区数：1。
好吧，我发现一个线程表明可能可以使用 Linux 中的 hdparm 修复/测试扇区。我使用 smartctl 测试来查找扇区 LBA，然后使用命令：hdparm --read-sector "sector LBA" "device" 来测试扇区，结果显示“SG_IO：错误/丢失感知数据”以及一些十六进制内容。但我注意到待处理扇区总是成组出现。假设第一个待处理扇区 LBA 是 1792406056，那么扇区 1792406056-1792406063 在 hdparm 中都会产生相同的结果。它总是以 8 个或更多为一组。
然后我使用命令：“hdparm --write-sector 1792406056 /dev/sdb --yes-i-know-what-i-am-doing”强制写入扇区，然后我必须对接下来的 7 个扇区重复此操作（一旦它是接下来的 15 个扇区）。当我执行 smartctl 测试并检查结果时，待处理扇区计数已回到 0，但重新分配的扇区计数仍为 0，以及重新分配的事件计数，这让我相信它没有重新映射它，因为它成功地写入并读取了它。
有人知道为什么会发生这种情况吗？我查看了其他线程，其他人总是在不同的地方谈论单个扇区或几个扇区。我的情况总是以 8 个或有时 16 个为一组出现，然后当我使用 hdparm 时，不会发生重新分配，但待处理的扇区数会减少，之后我可以使用 hdparm 读取扇区，没有问题。有人知道发生了什么吗？
无论如何，我计划很快购买另一个硬盘，而且我已经有另外 2 个备用硬盘，因此如果这个硬盘出现故障，我还有一个备份。
这是我最近从终端复制的一个：
**root@kali**:~# smartctl --all /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.4 2014-10-07 r4002 [x86_64-linux-4.0.0-kali1-amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-14, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Western Digital Elements / My Passport (USB, AF)
Device Model: WDC WD10JMVW-11S5XS1
Serial Number: WD-WX31AC2U3838
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 6adc0ab38
Firmware Version: 01.01A01
User Capacity: 1,000,204,886,016 bytes [1.00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 3.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Fri Oct 30 19:26:17 2015 PHT
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Status not supported: Incomplete response, ATA output registers missing
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
Warning: This result is based on an Attribute check.
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 121) The previous self-test completed having
the read element of the test failed.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: (16980) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 185) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 5) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x70b5) SCT Status supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 189 185 051 Pre-fail Always - 22546
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 181 179 021 Pre-fail Always - 1933
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 670
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 200 200 140 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 098 098 000 Old_age Always - 2048
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 389
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 178
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 185 185 000 Old_age Always - 47239
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 108 093 000 Old_age Always - 39
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 1
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0008 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 2047 1792406056
# 2 Short offline Completed without error 00% 1969 -
# 3 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 1969 1792240312
# 4 Short offline Completed without error 00% 1699 -
# 5 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 1698 1792238904
# 6 Short offline Completed without error 00% 1568 -
# 7 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 1568 1753687219
# 8 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 1568 1753687218
# 9 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 1568 1753687218
#10 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 1568 1753687217
#11 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 1567 1753687216
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
**root@kali**:~# hdparm --read-sector 1792406056 /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb:
reading sector 1792406056: SG_IO: bad/missing sense data, sb[]: 70 00 03 00 00 00 00 0a 00 00 00 00 11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
succeeded
2e2e 642f 7665 6369 7365 702f 6963 3030
3030 303a 2f30 3030 3030 303a 3a30 6131
302e 752f 6273 2f31 2d31 2f31 2d31 2e31
2f32 2d31 2e31 3a32 2e31 2f30 6f68 7473
2f37 6174 6772 7465 3a37 3a30 2f30 3a37
3a30 3a30 2f30 6c62 636f 2f6b 6473 0062
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
**root@kali**:~# hdparm --write-sector 1792406056 --yes-i-know-what-i-am-doing /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb:
re-writing sector 1792406056: succeeded
**root@kali**:~# hdparm --read-sector 1792406056 /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb:
reading sector 1792406056: succeeded
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
**The above hdparm was repeated 7 more time till sector 1792406063. The last is the end result. No pending sectors anymore, but no reallocations either.**
**root@kali**:~# smartctl --all /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.4 2014-10-07 r4002 [x86_64-linux-4.0.0-kali1-amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-14, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Western Digital Elements / My Passport (USB, AF)
Device Model: WDC WD10JMVW-11S5XS1
Serial Number: WD-WX31AC2U3838
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 6adc0ab38
Firmware Version: 01.01A01
User Capacity: 1,000,204,886,016 bytes [1.00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 3.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Fri Oct 30 19:36:26 2015 PHT
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Status not supported: Incomplete response, ATA output registers missing
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
Warning: This result is based on an Attribute check.
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: (16980) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 185) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 5) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x70b5) SCT Status supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 189 185 051 Pre-fail Always - 22550
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 181 179 021 Pre-fail Always - 1933
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 670
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 200 200 140 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 098 098 000 Old_age Always - 2048
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 389
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 178
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 185 185 000 Old_age Always - 47244
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 108 093 000 Old_age Always - 39
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0008 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed without error 00% 2048 -
# 2 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 2047 1792406056
# 3 Short offline Completed without error 00% 1969 -
# 4 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 1969 1792240312
# 5 Short offline Completed without error 00% 1699 -
# 6 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 1698 1792238904
# 7 Short offline Completed without error 00% 1568 -
# 8 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 1568 1753687219
# 9 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 1568 1753687218
#10 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 1568 1753687218
#11 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 1568 1753687217
#12 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 1567 1753687216
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
抱歉，SMART 文本太粗了。它前面有一个标签，因此将其加粗了。