我正在我的 el capitan 笔记本电脑上探索 ssh，并设法使基于密钥的登录正常工作（使用名为 adminuser 的帐户）。现在我想看看是否可以让另一个管理员帐户（名为 pwtest）使用基于密码的登录工作。
我刚刚发现 Match User 并将其添加到 sshd_config，但是当我 ssh[电子邮件保护]然后输入密码我只收到“权限被拒绝，请重试”。
sshd_配置：
# $OpenBSD: sshd_config,v 1.95 2015/04/27 21:42:48 djm Exp $
# This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file. See
# sshd_config(5) for more information.
# This sshd was compiled with PATH=/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin
# The strategy used for options in the default sshd_config shipped with
# OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where
# possible, but leave them commented. Uncommented options override the
# default value.
# See sshd_config(5) for details on setting the Port and Listen values on Mac OS X
#Port 22
#AddressFamily any
#ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
#ListenAddress ::
# The default requires explicit activation of protocol 1
#Protocol 2
# HostKey for protocol version 1
#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key
# HostKeys for protocol version 2
#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
# Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key
#KeyRegenerationInterval 1h
#ServerKeyBits 1024
# Ciphers and keying
#RekeyLimit default none
# Logging
# obsoletes QuietMode and FascistLogging
SyslogFacility AUTHPRIV
#LogLevel INFO
# Authentication:
#LoginGraceTime 2m
#PermitRootLogin no
#StrictModes yes
#MaxAuthTries 6
#MaxSessions 10
#RSAAuthentication yes
#PubkeyAuthentication yes
# The default is to check both .ssh/authorized_keys and .ssh/authorized_keys2
# but this is overridden so installations will only check .ssh/authorized_keys
AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys
#AuthorizedPrincipalsFile none
#AuthorizedKeysCommand none
#AuthorizedKeysCommandUser nobody
# For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts
#RhostsRSAAuthentication no
# similar for protocol version 2
#HostbasedAuthentication no
# Change to yes if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for
# RhostsRSAAuthentication and HostbasedAuthentication
#IgnoreUserKnownHosts no
# Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files
#IgnoreRhosts yes
# To disable tunneled clear text passwords both PasswordAuthentication and
# ChallengeResponseAuthentication must be set to "no".
PasswordAuthentication no
#PermitEmptyPasswords no
# Change to no to disable s/key passwords
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
# Kerberos options
#KerberosAuthentication no
#KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes
#KerberosTicketCleanup yes
#KerberosGetAFSToken no
# GSSAPI options
#GSSAPIAuthentication no
#GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes
#GSSAPIStrictAcceptorCheck yes
#GSSAPIKeyExchange no
# Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing,
# and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will
# be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and
# PasswordAuthentication. Depending on your PAM configuration,
# PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass
# the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password".
# If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without
# PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication
# and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'.
# Also, PAM will deny null passwords by default. If you need to allow
# null passwords, add the " nullok" option to the end of the
# securityserver.so line in /etc/pam.d/sshd.
UsePAM no
#AllowAgentForwarding yes
#AllowTcpForwarding yes
#GatewayPorts no
#X11Forwarding no
#XauthLocation xauth # Default is to search $PATH (set by launchd(8)). It is recommended that a full path be provided.
#X11DisplayOffset 10
#X11UseLocalhost yes
#PermitTTY yes
#PrintMotd yes
#PrintLastLog yes
#TCPKeepAlive yes
#UseLogin no
UsePrivilegeSeparation sandbox # Default for new installations.
#PermitUserEnvironment no
#Compression delayed
#ClientAliveInterval 0
#ClientAliveCountMax 3
#UseDNS no
#PidFile /var/run/sshd.pid
#MaxStartups 10:30:100
#PermitTunnel no
#ChrootDirectory none
#VersionAddendum none
# pass locale information
AcceptEnv LANG LC_*
# no default banner path
#Banner none
# override default of no subsystems
Subsystem sftp /usr/libexec/sftp-server
# Example of overriding settings on a per-user basis
#Match User anoncvs
# X11Forwarding no
# AllowTcpForwarding no
# PermitTTY no
# ForceCommand cvs server
Match User pwtest
PasswordAuthentication yes
SSH-VV[电子邮件保护]输出：
Unknown-58-b0-35-63-5c-67:~ davidpark$ ssh -vv [email protected]
OpenSSH_6.9p1, LibreSSL 2.1.7
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 20: Applying options for *
debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0
debug1: Connecting to dplaptop.local [fe80::5ab0:35ff:fe63:5c67%en1] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /Users/davidpark/.ssh/id_rsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /Users/davidpark/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /Users/davidpark/.ssh/id_dsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /Users/davidpark/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /Users/davidpark/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /Users/davidpark/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /Users/davidpark/.ssh/id_ed25519 type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /Users/davidpark/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert type -1
debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.9
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_6.9
debug1: match: OpenSSH_6.9 pat OpenSSH* compat 0x04000000
debug2: fd 5 setting O_NONBLOCK
debug1: Authenticating to dplaptop.local:22 as 'pwtest'
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],ssh-ed25519,ssh-rsa,ssh-dss
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected],arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected]
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected],arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected]
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1,[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-md5,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1,[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-md5,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ssh-ed25519
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected]
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected]
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected]
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected]
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0
debug1: kex: server->client [email protected] <implicit> none
debug1: kex: client->server [email protected] <implicit> none
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug1: Server host key: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 SHA256:pZ9I3OlB5kUmeKHq4PWADSigAPIAmO7VWK10Pn5Vau4
debug1: Host 'dplaptop.local' is known and matches the ECDSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /Users/davidpark/.ssh/known_hosts:1
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug1: Roaming not allowed by server
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent
debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug2: key: /Users/davidpark/.ssh/id_rsa (0x0),
debug2: key: /Users/davidpark/.ssh/id_dsa (0x0),
debug2: key: /Users/davidpark/.ssh/id_ecdsa (0x0),
debug2: key: /Users/davidpark/.ssh/id_ed25519 (0x0),
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Trying private key: /Users/davidpark/.ssh/id_rsa
debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password
debug1: Trying private key: /Users/davidpark/.ssh/id_dsa
debug1: Trying private key: /Users/davidpark/.ssh/id_ecdsa
debug1: Trying private key: /Users/davidpark/.ssh/id_ed25519
debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method
debug1: Next authentication method: password
[email protected]'s password:
debug2: we sent a password packet, wait for reply
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password
Permission denied, please try again.
[email protected]'s password:
debug2: we sent a password packet, wait for reply
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password
Permission denied, please try again.
[email protected]'s password:
debug2: we sent a password packet, wait for reply
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password
debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method
debug1: No more authentication methods to try.
Permission denied (publickey,password).
ssh_配置：
# $OpenBSD: ssh_config,v 1.28 2013/09/16 11:35:43 sthen Exp $
# This is the ssh client system-wide configuration file. See
# ssh_config(5) for more information. This file provides defaults for
# users, and the values can be changed in per-user configuration files
# or on the command line.
# Configuration data is parsed as follows:
# 1. command line options
# 2. user-specific file
# 3. system-wide file
# Any configuration value is only changed the first time it is set.
# Thus, host-specific definitions should be at the beginning of the
# configuration file, and defaults at the end.
# Site-wide defaults for some commonly used options. For a comprehensive
# list of available options, their meanings and defaults, please see the
# ssh_config(5) man page.
# Apple:
Host *
SendEnv LANG LC_*
# AskPassGUI yes
# ForwardAgent no
# ForwardX11 no
# RhostsRSAAuthentication no
# RSAAuthentication yes
# PasswordAuthentication no
# HostbasedAuthentication yes
# GSSAPIAuthentication no
# GSSAPIDelegateCredentials no
# BatchMode no
# CheckHostIP yes
# AddressFamily any
# ConnectTimeout 0
# StrictHostKeyChecking ask
# IdentityFile ~/.ssh/identity
# IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa
# IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_dsa
# Port 22
# Protocol 2,1
# Cipher 3des
# Ciphers aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc
# MACs hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160
# EscapeChar ~
# Tunnel no
# TunnelDevice any:any
# PermitLocalCommand no
# VisualHostKey no
# ProxyCommand ssh -q -W %h:%p gateway.example.com
# RekeyLimit 1G 1h
system.log内容：
Nov 9 15:07:28 Unknown-58-b0-35-63-5c-67 sshd[1868]: Failed password for pwtest from fe80::5ab0:35ff:fe63:5c67%en1 port 49985 ssh2
Nov 9 15:07:51 --- last message repeated 2 times ---
Nov 9 15:07:51 Unknown-58-b0-35-63-5c-67 sshd[1868]: Connection closed by fe80::5ab0:35ff:fe63:5c67%en1 [preauth]
Nov 9 15:07:51 Unknown-58-b0-35-63-5c-67 com.apple.xpc.launchd[1] (com.openssh.sshd.CC0FA77D-7484-4138-96BA-7BC748771FA1[1868]): Service exited with abnormal code: 255
遵循@Otheus 的建议：
当我使用普通的 sshd_config 文件时， sudo /usr/sbin/sshd -D -d -f /etc/ssh/sshd_config.plain -p 2020我可以成功- 参见下面的调试输出：ssh -p 2020 [email protected]
...
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_INIT [preauth]
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent [preauth]
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS [preauth]
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received [preauth]
debug1: KEX done [preauth]
debug1: userauth-request for user pwtest service ssh-connection method none [preauth]
debug1: attempt 0 failures 0 [preauth]
debug1: PAM: initializing for "pwtest"
debug1: PAM: setting PAM_RHOST to "fe80::5ab0:35ff:fe63:5c67%en1"
debug1: userauth-request for user pwtest service ssh-connection method publickey [preauth]
debug1: attempt 1 failures 0 [preauth]
debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 503/20 (e=0/0)
debug1: trying public key file /Users/pwtest/.ssh/authorized_keys
debug1: Could not open authorized keys '/Users/pwtest/.ssh/authorized_keys': No such file or directory
debug1: restore_uid: 0/0
Failed publickey for pwtest from fe80::5ab0:35ff:fe63:5c67%en1 port 49288 ssh2: RSA SHA256:Y4oh+ZwNsE9hrnD+kCGYUkl48TypV0oQxXi9osTozE4
debug1: audit_event: unhandled event 6
debug1: userauth-request for user pwtest service ssh-connection method keyboard-interactive [preauth]
debug1: attempt 2 failures 1 [preauth]
debug1: keyboard-interactive devs [preauth]
debug1: auth2_challenge: user=pwtest devs= [preauth]
debug1: kbdint_alloc: devices 'pam' [preauth]
debug1: auth2_challenge_start: trying authentication method 'pam' [preauth]
Postponed keyboard-interactive for pwtest from fe80::5ab0:35ff:fe63:5c67%en1 port 49288 ssh2: RSA SHA256:Y4oh+ZwNsE9hrnD+kCGYUkl48TypV0oQxXi9osTozE4 [preauth]
debug1: do_pam_account: called
debug1: PAM: num PAM env strings 2
Postponed keyboard-interactive/pam for pwtest from fe80::5ab0:35ff:fe63:5c67%en1 port 49288 ssh2 [preauth]
debug1: do_pam_account: called
Accepted keyboard-interactive/pam for pwtest from fe80::5ab0:35ff:fe63:5c67%en1 port 49288 ssh2
debug1: monitor_child_preauth: pwtest has been authenticated by privileged process
debug1: monitor_read_log: child log fd closed
debug1: PAM: establishing credentials
User child is on pid 473
debug1: PAM: establishing credentials
debug1: permanently_set_uid: 503/20
debug1: ssh_packet_set_postauth: called
debug1: Entering interactive session for SSH2.
debug1: server_init_dispatch_20
debug1: server_input_channel_open: ctype session rchan 0 win 1048576 max 16384
debug1: input_session_request
debug1: channel 0: new [server-session]
debug1: session_new: session 0
debug1: session_open: channel 0
debug1: session_open: session 0: link with channel 0
debug1: server_input_channel_open: confirm session
debug1: server_input_global_request: rtype [email protected] want_reply 0
debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request pty-req reply 1
debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0
debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req pty-req
debug1: Allocating pty.
debug1: session_new: session 0
debug1: session_pty_req: session 0 alloc /dev/ttys002
debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request env reply 0
debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0
debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req env
debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request shell reply 1
debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0
debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req shell
Starting session: shell on ttys002 for pwtest from fe80::5ab0:35ff:fe63:5c67%en1 port 49288
debug1: Setting controlling tty using TIOCSCTTY.
但是当我使用修改后的 ssh_config 时sudo /usr/sbin/sshd -D -d -f /etc/ssh/sshd_config -p 2020，不起作用-调试输出如下：ssh -p 2020 [email protected]
...
debug1: Client protocol version 2.0; client software version OpenSSH_6.9
debug1: match: OpenSSH_6.9 pat OpenSSH* compat 0x04000000
debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.9
debug1: permanently_set_uid: 75/75 [preauth]
debug1: list_hostkey_types: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ssh-ed25519 [preauth]
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent [preauth]
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received [preauth]
debug1: kex: client->server [email protected] <implicit> none [preauth]
debug1: kex: server->client [email protected] <implicit> none [preauth]
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_INIT [preauth]
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent [preauth]
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS [preauth]
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received [preauth]
debug1: KEX done [preauth]
debug1: userauth-request for user pwtest service ssh-connection method none [preauth]
debug1: attempt 0 failures 0 [preauth]
debug1: user pwtest matched 'User pwtest' at line 146
debug1: userauth-request for user pwtest service ssh-connection method publickey [preauth]
debug1: attempt 1 failures 0 [preauth]
debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 503/20 (e=0/0)
debug1: trying public key file /Users/pwtest/.ssh/authorized_keys
debug1: Could not open authorized keys '/Users/pwtest/.ssh/authorized_keys': No such file or directory
debug1: restore_uid: 0/0
Failed publickey for pwtest from fe80::5ab0:35ff:fe63:5c67%en1 port 49290 ssh2: RSA SHA256:Y4oh+ZwNsE9hrnD+kCGYUkl48TypV0oQxXi9osTozE4
debug1: audit_event: unhandled event 6
debug1: userauth-request for user pwtest service ssh-connection method password [preauth]
debug1: attempt 2 failures 1 [preauth]
Failed password for pwtest from fe80::5ab0:35ff:fe63:5c67%en1 port 49290 ssh2
debug1: userauth-request for user pwtest service ssh-connection method password [preauth]
debug1: attempt 3 failures 2 [preauth]
Failed password for pwtest from fe80::5ab0:35ff:fe63:5c67%en1 port 49290 ssh2
debug1: userauth-request for user pwtest service ssh-connection method password [preauth]
debug1: attempt 4 failures 3 [preauth]
Failed password for pwtest from fe80::5ab0:35ff:fe63:5c67%en1 port 49290 ssh2
Connection closed by fe80::5ab0:35ff:fe63:5c67%en1 [preauth]
debug1: do_cleanup [preauth]
debug1: monitor_read_log: child log fd closed
debug1: do_cleanup
debug1: Killing privsep child 497
debug1: audit_event: unhandled event 12
答案1
请参阅@Otheus 的评论以了解解决方案 - 为了让一个用户使用密钥登录，另一个用户 (pwtest) 使用密码登录，/etc/ssh/sshd_config 中的相关参数如下。以前我曾遇到过这种情况，UsePAM no当 pwtest 输入密码时，他们会收到消息：权限被拒绝，请重试。
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
PasswordAuthentication no
UsePAM yes
UsePrivilegeSeparation sandbox # default setting
Match User pwtest
PasswordAuthentication yes