我的电脑里有两个驱动器，一个是 HDD（Seagate Barracuda ST2000DM001），另一个是 SSD（Corsair Force 3 120GB）。它们都用了 3 年了，我认为它们应该能用更久，尤其是 HDD。不过我承认我的电脑因为电源问题，有一段时间关机困难。
但当我检查它们的 SMART 数据时，它们都在某些字段中显示“Pre-Fail”。现在我知道并非所有字段都一样重要，但我很难找到正确的解释（尤其是对于 SSD）。
此外，HDD 似乎无法通过自检。我尝试了多个程序，包括 Seagate 的 Seatools 工具和 smartctl (Bash)。
那么问题来了：实际情况有多严重？驱动器真的有可能出现故障吗？如果是这样，我应该备份并等待它发生，还是最好尽快完全更换它们？
感谢您的时间
SSD 的 smartctl 输出：
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-68-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: SandForce Driven SSDs
Device Model: Corsair Force 3 SSD
Serial Number: 123579030000148000CF
LU WWN Device Id: 0 000000 000000000
Firmware Version: 5.02
User Capacity: 120 034 123 776 bytes [120 GB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate: Solid State Device
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS, ACS-2 T13/2015-D revision 3
SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Sat Nov 21 16:21:08 2015 CET
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x02) Offline data collection activity
was completed without error.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 0) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 48) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x0021) SCT Status supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000f 102 102 050 Pre-fail Always - 0/5234531
5 Retired_Block_Count 0x0033 100 100 003 Pre-fail Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours_and_Msec 0x0032 000 000 000 Old_age Always - 11967h+34m+04.340s
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 097 097 000 Old_age Always - 3278
171 Program_Fail_Count 0x0032 000 000 000 Old_age Always - 0
172 Erase_Fail_Count 0x0032 000 000 000 Old_age Always - 0
174 Unexpect_Power_Loss_Ct 0x0030 000 000 000 Old_age Offline - 226
177 Wear_Range_Delta 0x0000 000 000 000 Old_age Offline - 5
181 Program_Fail_Count 0x0032 000 000 000 Old_age Always - 0
182 Erase_Fail_Count 0x0032 000 000 000 Old_age Always - 0
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 128 129 000 Old_age Always - 128 (0 127 0 129 0)
195 ECC_Uncorr_Error_Count 0x001c 120 120 000 Old_age Offline - 0/5234531
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0033 100 100 003 Pre-fail Always - 0
201 Unc_Soft_Read_Err_Rate 0x001c 120 120 000 Old_age Offline - 0/5234531
204 Soft_ECC_Correct_Rate 0x001c 120 120 000 Old_age Offline - 0/5234531
230 Life_Curve_Status 0x0013 100 100 000 Pre-fail Always - 100
231 SSD_Life_Left 0x0013 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 0
233 SandForce_Internal 0x0000 000 000 000 Old_age Offline - 12621
234 SandForce_Internal 0x0032 000 000 000 Old_age Always - 12514
241 Lifetime_Writes_GiB 0x0032 000 000 000 Old_age Always - 12514
242 Lifetime_Reads_GiB 0x0032 000 000 000 Old_age Always - 29432
SMART Error Log not supported
SMART Self-test Log not supported
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
HDD 的 smartctl 输出：
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-68-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Seagate Barracuda 7200.14 (AF)
Device Model: ST2000DM001-9YN164
Serial Number: W2F0H8WJ
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 0521c0222
Firmware Version: CC4B
User Capacity: 2 000 398 934 016 bytes [2,00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 7200 rpm
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Sat Nov 21 16:21:22 2015 CET
==> WARNING: A firmware update for this drive may be available,
see the following Seagate web pages:
http://knowledge.seagate.com/articles/en_US/FAQ/207931en
http://knowledge.seagate.com/articles/en_US/FAQ/223651en
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x82) Offline data collection activity
was completed without error.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 118) The previous self-test completed having
the read element of the test failed.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 609) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 268) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x3085) SCT Status supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000f 117 092 006 Pre-fail Always - 126852928
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0003 092 092 000 Pre-fail Always - 0
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 096 096 020 Old_age Always - 4401
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 099 099 036 Pre-fail Always - 1920
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000f 075 060 030 Pre-fail Always - 31129310
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 087 087 000 Old_age Always - 11477
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 097 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 097 097 020 Old_age Always - 3241
183 Runtime_Bad_Block 0x0032 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 1
184 End-to-End_Error 0x0032 100 100 099 Old_age Always - 0
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 001 001 000 Old_age Always - 396
188 Command_Timeout 0x0032 100 099 000 Old_age Always - 3 3 6
189 High_Fly_Writes 0x003a 071 071 000 Old_age Always - 29
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 061 055 045 Old_age Always - 39 (0 3 39 26 0)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 175
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 080 080 000 Old_age Always - 40743
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 039 045 000 Old_age Always - 39 (128 0 0 0 0)
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 56
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0010 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 56
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x003e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
240 Head_Flying_Hours 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 7490h+56m+13.583s
241 Total_LBAs_Written 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 63675395780589
242 Total_LBAs_Read 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 174517029624904
SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 28 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
CR = Command Register [HEX]
FR = Features Register [HEX]
SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
ER = Error register [HEX]
ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
Error 28 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 10950 hours (456 days + 6 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 02:37:44.600 READ FPDMA QUEUED
2f 00 01 10 00 00 e0 00 02:37:44.499 READ LOG EXT
60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00 02:37:41.728 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00 02:37:41.207 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00 02:37:41.121 READ FPDMA QUEUED
Error 27 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 10950 hours (456 days + 6 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00 02:37:41.728 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00 02:37:41.207 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00 02:37:41.121 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 02:37:41.025 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 02:37:41.025 READ FPDMA QUEUED
Error 26 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 10950 hours (456 days + 6 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00 02:37:38.091 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 02:37:38.090 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 58 ff ff ff 4f 00 02:37:38.083 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00 02:37:38.047 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 02:37:38.047 READ FPDMA QUEUED
Error 25 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 10950 hours (456 days + 6 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00 02:37:35.195 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 50 ff ff ff 4f 00 02:37:35.186 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00 02:37:35.138 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 02:37:34.971 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 60 ff ff ff 4f 00 02:37:34.861 READ FPDMA QUEUED
Error 24 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 10950 hours (456 days + 6 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00 02:37:28.411 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00 02:37:28.410 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 38 ff ff ff 4f 00 02:37:19.842 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 18 ff ff ff 4f 00 02:37:17.597 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 68 ff ff ff 4f 00 02:37:16.028 READ FPDMA QUEUED
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed: read failure 60% 11477 481008573
# 2 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 11419 481008573
# 3 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 11419 481008573
# 4 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 11411 481008573
# 5 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 11407 481008573
# 6 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 11407 481008573
# 7 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 11407 481008573
# 8 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 11406 481008573
# 9 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 11406 481008573
#10 Short offline Completed without error 00% 9233 -
#11 Short offline Completed without error 00% 6265 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
答案1
这是“类型”列。它不表示任何类型的状态，而是表示属性的退化是正常现象（由于老化）还是即将发生故障的迹象。
话虽如此，你的硬盘显然已经不行了。它有大量重新分配的扇区，表明表面有损坏。