磁盘测试失败是否意味着出现问题?情况有多严重?

磁盘测试失败是否意味着出现问题?情况有多严重?

我的电脑里有两个驱动器,一个是 HDD(Seagate Barracuda ST2000DM001),另一个是 SSD(Corsair Force 3 120GB)。它们都用了 3 年了,我认为它们应该能用更久,尤其是 HDD。不过我承认我的电脑因为电源问题,有一段时间关机困难。

但当我检查它们的 SMART 数据时,它们都在某些字段中显示“Pre-Fail”。现在我知道并非所有字段都一样重要,但我很难找到正确的解释(尤其是对于 SSD)。

此外,HDD 似乎无法通过自检。我尝试了多个程序,包括 Seagate 的 Seatools 工具和 smartctl (Bash)。

那么问题来了:实际情况有多严重?驱动器真的有可能出现故障吗?如果是这样,我应该备份并等待它发生,还是最好尽快完全更换它们?

感谢您的时间

SSD 的 smartctl 输出:

smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-68-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     SandForce Driven SSDs
Device Model:     Corsair Force 3 SSD
Serial Number:    123579030000148000CF
LU WWN Device Id: 0 000000 000000000
Firmware Version: 5.02
User Capacity:    120 034 123 776 bytes [120 GB]
Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate:    Solid State Device
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ATA8-ACS, ACS-2 T13/2015-D revision 3
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Sat Nov 21 16:21:08 2015 CET
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x02) Offline data collection activity
                    was completed without error.
                    Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed
                    without error or no self-test has ever 
                    been run.
Total time to complete Offline 
data collection:        (    0) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:            (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                    Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                    Suspend Offline collection upon new
                    command.
                    Offline surface scan supported.
                    Self-test supported.
                    Conveyance Self-test supported.
                    Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                    power-saving mode.
                    Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                    General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine 
recommended polling time:    (   1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:    (  48) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:    (   2) minutes.
SCT capabilities:          (0x0021) SCT Status supported.
                    SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000f   102   102   050    Pre-fail  Always       -       0/5234531
  5 Retired_Block_Count     0x0033   100   100   003    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  9 Power_On_Hours_and_Msec 0x0032   000   000   000    Old_age   Always       -       11967h+34m+04.340s
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   097   097   000    Old_age   Always       -       3278
171 Program_Fail_Count      0x0032   000   000   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
172 Erase_Fail_Count        0x0032   000   000   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
174 Unexpect_Power_Loss_Ct  0x0030   000   000   000    Old_age   Offline      -       226
177 Wear_Range_Delta        0x0000   000   000   000    Old_age   Offline      -       5
181 Program_Fail_Count      0x0032   000   000   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
182 Erase_Fail_Count        0x0032   000   000   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
187 Reported_Uncorrect      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   128   129   000    Old_age   Always       -       128 (0 127 0 129 0)
195 ECC_Uncorr_Error_Count  0x001c   120   120   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0/5234531
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0033   100   100   003    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
201 Unc_Soft_Read_Err_Rate  0x001c   120   120   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0/5234531
204 Soft_ECC_Correct_Rate   0x001c   120   120   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0/5234531
230 Life_Curve_Status       0x0013   100   100   000    Pre-fail  Always       -       100
231 SSD_Life_Left           0x0013   100   100   010    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
233 SandForce_Internal      0x0000   000   000   000    Old_age   Offline      -       12621
234 SandForce_Internal      0x0032   000   000   000    Old_age   Always       -       12514
241 Lifetime_Writes_GiB     0x0032   000   000   000    Old_age   Always       -       12514
242 Lifetime_Reads_GiB      0x0032   000   000   000    Old_age   Always       -       29432

SMART Error Log not supported

SMART Self-test Log not supported

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.

HDD 的 smartctl 输出:

smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-68-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Seagate Barracuda 7200.14 (AF)
Device Model:     ST2000DM001-9YN164
Serial Number:    W2F0H8WJ
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 0521c0222
Firmware Version: CC4B
User Capacity:    2 000 398 934 016 bytes [2,00 TB]
Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate:    7200 rpm
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Sat Nov 21 16:21:22 2015 CET

==> WARNING: A firmware update for this drive may be available,
see the following Seagate web pages:
http://knowledge.seagate.com/articles/en_US/FAQ/207931en
http://knowledge.seagate.com/articles/en_US/FAQ/223651en

SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x82) Offline data collection activity
                    was completed without error.
                    Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status:      ( 118) The previous self-test completed having
                    the read element of the test failed.
Total time to complete Offline 
data collection:        (  609) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:            (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                    Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                    Suspend Offline collection upon new
                    command.
                    Offline surface scan supported.
                    Self-test supported.
                    Conveyance Self-test supported.
                    Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                    power-saving mode.
                    Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                    General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine 
recommended polling time:    (   1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:    ( 268) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:    (   2) minutes.
SCT capabilities:          (0x3085) SCT Status supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000f   117   092   006    Pre-fail  Always       -       126852928
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0003   092   092   000    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   096   096   020    Old_age   Always       -       4401
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   099   099   036    Pre-fail  Always       -       1920
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000f   075   060   030    Pre-fail  Always       -       31129310
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   087   087   000    Old_age   Always       -       11477
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0013   100   100   097    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   097   097   020    Old_age   Always       -       3241
183 Runtime_Bad_Block       0x0032   099   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       1
184 End-to-End_Error        0x0032   100   100   099    Old_age   Always       -       0
187 Reported_Uncorrect      0x0032   001   001   000    Old_age   Always       -       396
188 Command_Timeout         0x0032   100   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       3 3 6
189 High_Fly_Writes         0x003a   071   071   000    Old_age   Always       -       29
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022   061   055   045    Old_age   Always       -       39 (0 3 39 26 0)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       175
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   080   080   000    Old_age   Always       -       40743
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   039   045   000    Old_age   Always       -       39 (128 0 0 0 0)
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       56
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0010   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      -       56
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x003e   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
240 Head_Flying_Hours       0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       7490h+56m+13.583s
241 Total_LBAs_Written      0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       63675395780589
242 Total_LBAs_Read         0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       174517029624904

SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 28 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
    CR = Command Register [HEX]
    FR = Features Register [HEX]
    SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
    SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
    CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
    CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
    DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
    DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
    ER = Error register [HEX]
    ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.

Error 28 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 10950 hours (456 days + 6 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00      02:37:44.600  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  2f 00 01 10 00 00 e0 00      02:37:44.499  READ LOG EXT
  60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00      02:37:41.728  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00      02:37:41.207  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00      02:37:41.121  READ FPDMA QUEUED

Error 27 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 10950 hours (456 days + 6 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00      02:37:41.728  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00      02:37:41.207  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00      02:37:41.121  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00      02:37:41.025  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00      02:37:41.025  READ FPDMA QUEUED

Error 26 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 10950 hours (456 days + 6 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00      02:37:38.091  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00      02:37:38.090  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 58 ff ff ff 4f 00      02:37:38.083  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00      02:37:38.047  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00      02:37:38.047  READ FPDMA QUEUED

Error 25 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 10950 hours (456 days + 6 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00      02:37:35.195  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 50 ff ff ff 4f 00      02:37:35.186  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00      02:37:35.138  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00      02:37:34.971  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 60 ff ff ff 4f 00      02:37:34.861  READ FPDMA QUEUED

Error 24 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 10950 hours (456 days + 6 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00      02:37:28.411  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 80 ff ff ff 4f 00      02:37:28.410  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 38 ff ff ff 4f 00      02:37:19.842  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 18 ff ff ff 4f 00      02:37:17.597  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 68 ff ff ff 4f 00      02:37:16.028  READ FPDMA QUEUED

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Short offline       Completed: read failure       60%     11477         481008573
# 2  Short offline       Completed: read failure       90%     11419         481008573
# 3  Short offline       Completed: read failure       90%     11419         481008573
# 4  Short offline       Completed: read failure       90%     11411         481008573
# 5  Short offline       Completed: read failure       90%     11407         481008573
# 6  Short offline       Completed: read failure       90%     11407         481008573
# 7  Short offline       Completed: read failure       90%     11407         481008573
# 8  Short offline       Completed: read failure       90%     11406         481008573
# 9  Short offline       Completed: read failure       90%     11406         481008573
#10  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      9233         -
#11  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      6265         -

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.

答案1

这是“类型”列。它不表示任何类型的状态,而是表示属性的退化是正常现象(由于老化)还是即将发生故障的迹象。

话虽如此,你的硬盘显然已经不行了。它有大量重新分配的扇区,表明表面有损坏。

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