我无法关闭我的系统。我有 5 秒定时器用于在 systemd 配置和看门狗中关闭。在journalctl中我发现了几个问题：
фев 19 10:14:40 denis-pc gnome-session-binary[1034]: CRITICAL: We failed, but the fail whale is dead. Sorry....
фев 19 10:14:40 denis-pc systemd[1]: Stopped watchdog daemon.
фев 19 10:14:40 denis-pc systemd[1]: watchdog.service: Triggering OnFailure= dependencies.
фев 19 10:14:40 denis-pc systemd[1]: Requested transaction contradicts existing jobs: Resource deadlock avoided
фев 19 10:14:40 denis-pc systemd[1]: watchdog.service: Failed to enqueue OnFailure= job: Resource deadlock avoided
фев 19 10:14:40 denis-pc gnome-session-binary[1034]: WARNING: Lost name on bus: org.gnome.SessionManager
фев 19 10:14:40 denis-pc gnome-session-binary[1034]: CRITICAL: We failed, but the fail whale is dead. Sorry....
然后我收到了 cpu 锁定消息：
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: NMI watchdog: Watchdog detected hard LOCKUP on cpu 6
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: Modules linked in: rfcomm ccm cmac bnep nls_iso8859_1 arc4 rtsx_usb_ms memstick iwlmvm mac80211 snd_hda_codec_hdmi snd_hda_codec_real
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: ip_tables x_tables autofs4 btrfs xor zstd_compress raid6_pq hid_generic rtsx_usb_sdmmc usbhid hid rtsx_usb nouveau i915 mxm_wmi ttm
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: CPU: 6 PID: 831 Comm: Xorg Tainted: G W 4.15.0-45-generic #48-Ubuntu
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: Hardware name: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. GL63 8RD/MS-16P6, BIOS E16P6IMS.107 09/05/2018
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: RIP: 0010:ioread32+0x1e/0x40
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: RSP: 0018:ffffbbd281b73728 EFLAGS: 00000096
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: RAX: 00000000ffffffff RBX: ffff9c94278c0000 RCX: 0000000000000000
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: RDX: 0000000000000001 RSI: ffffbbd284070000 RDI: ffffbbd284009410
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: RBP: ffffbbd281b73728 R08: ffffffffc07531e0 R09: 0000000000000004
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: R10: ffffffffc0753140 R11: ffff9c94327c84e0 R12: ffff9c94278c0000
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: R13: ffff9c9427858ea0 R14: ffffffffffffffff R15: ffff9c9433855748
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: FS: 00007fed32f56600(0000) GS:ffff9c943dd80000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: CR2: 000055ede85690c0 CR3: 000000026e218001 CR4: 00000000003606e0
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: Call Trace:
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: nv04_timer_read+0x22/0x60 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: nvkm_timer_read+0x15/0x20 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: g84_bar_flush+0x5f/0xe0 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: nvkm_bar_flush+0x1f/0x30 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: nv50_instobj_release+0x2e/0xa0 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: gp100_vmm_lpt_invalid+0x7c/0xd0 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: nvkm_vmm_unref_ptes+0x1e0/0x1f0 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: nvkm_vmm_iter.constprop.13+0x24e/0x880 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: ? ktime_get+0x43/0xa0
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: ? gf100_vmm_pgt_dma+0x2f0/0x2f0 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: ? nvkm_vmm_put_region+0x160/0x160 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: ? quirk_increase_t12_delay+0x10/0x20 [i915]
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: nvkm_vmm_ptes_unmap_put+0x32/0x50 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: ? gf100_vmm_pgt_dma+0x2f0/0x2f0 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: nvkm_vmm_put_locked+0x103/0x220 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: nvkm_uvmm_mthd+0x7d1/0x8d0 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: ? ext4_inode_csum.isra.56+0x1a2/0x210
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: nvkm_object_mthd+0x1a/0x30 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: nvkm_ioctl_mthd+0x5d/0xb0 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: nvkm_ioctl+0x11d/0x280 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: nvkm_client_ioctl+0x12/0x20 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: nvif_object_ioctl+0x47/0x50 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: nvif_object_mthd+0x129/0x150 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: ? find_get_entries+0x168/0x200
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: ? __slab_free+0x14d/0x2c0
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: nvif_vmm_put+0x5f/0x80 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: nouveau_vma_del+0x75/0xc0 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: nouveau_gem_object_close+0x1e3/0x230 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: drm_gem_object_release_handle+0x33/0x90 [drm]
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: drm_gem_handle_delete+0x5e/0x90 [drm]
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: ? drm_gem_handle_create+0x40/0x40 [drm]
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: drm_gem_close_ioctl+0x20/0x30 [drm]
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: drm_ioctl_kernel+0x5f/0xb0 [drm]
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: drm_ioctl+0x31b/0x3d0 [drm]
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: ? drm_gem_handle_create+0x40/0x40 [drm]
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: nouveau_drm_ioctl+0x72/0xc0 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: do_vfs_ioctl+0xa8/0x630
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: ? handle_mm_fault+0xb1/0x1f0
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: ? __do_page_fault+0x270/0x4d0
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: SyS_ioctl+0x79/0x90
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: do_syscall_64+0x73/0x130
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x3d/0xa2
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: RIP: 0033:0x7fed3034b5d7
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: RSP: 002b:00007ffca146f788 EFLAGS: 00003246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000010
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 000055ede8567230 RCX: 00007fed3034b5d7
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: RDX: 00007ffca146f7c0 RSI: 0000000040086409 RDI: 0000000000000010
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: RBP: 00007ffca146f7c0 R08: 0000000000000081 R09: 000055ede8a36c30
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: R10: 00007fed30620ca0 R11: 0000000000003246 R12: 0000000040086409
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: R13: 0000000000000010 R14: 000055ede77e36a8 R15: ffffffffffffffff
фев 19 10:15:01 denis-pc kernel: Code: ff b8 ff ff 00 00 5d c3 0f 1f 44 00 00 55 48 81 ff ff ff 03 00 48 89 e5 77 0f 48 81 ff 00 00 01 00 76 0a 0f b7 d7 ed 5d c3 8b 0
фев 19 10:15:05 denis-pc systemd[1]: acpid.service: State 'stop-sigterm' timed out. Killing.
фев 19 10:15:05 denis-pc systemd[1]: acpid.service: Killing process 721 (acpid) with signal SIGKILL.
фев 19 10:15:05 denis-pc systemd[1]: lightdm.service: State 'stop-sigterm' timed out. Killing.
фев 19 10:15:05 denis-pc systemd[1]: lightdm.service: Killing process 824 (lightdm) with signal SIGKILL.
фев 19 10:15:05 denis-pc systemd[1]: lightdm.service: Killing process 831 (Xorg) with signal SIGKILL.
фев 19 10:15:05 denis-pc systemd[1]: lightdm.service: Main process exited, code=killed, status=9/KILL
фев 19 10:15:06 denis-pc systemd[1]: systemd-logind.service: State 'stop-sigterm' timed out. Killing.
фев 19 10:15:06 denis-pc systemd[1]: systemd-logind.service: Killing process 732 (systemd-logind) with signal SIGKILL.
фев 19 10:15:31 denis-pc systemd[1]: acpid.service: Processes still around after SIGKILL. Ignoring.
фев 19 10:15:31 denis-pc systemd[1]: lightdm.service: State 'stop-final-sigterm' timed out. Killing.
фев 19 10:15:31 denis-pc systemd[1]: lightdm.service: Killing process 831 (Xorg) with signal SIGKILL.
фев 19 10:15:31 denis-pc systemd[1]: systemd-logind.service: Processes still around after SIGKILL. Ignoring.
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: INFO: rcu_sched detected stalls on CPUs/tasks:
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: 6-...0: (0 ticks this GP) idle=59e/140000000000000/0 softirq=7242/7242 fqs=7141
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: (detected by 1, t=15002 jiffies, g=6743, c=6742, q=6225)
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: Sending NMI from CPU 1 to CPUs 6:
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: NMI backtrace for cpu 6
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: CPU: 6 PID: 831 Comm: Xorg Tainted: G W 4.15.0-45-generic #48-Ubuntu
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: Hardware name: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. GL63 8RD/MS-16P6, BIOS E16P6IMS.107 09/05/2018
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: RIP: 0010:ioread32+0x1e/0x40
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: RSP: 0018:ffffbbd281b73728 EFLAGS: 00000092
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: RAX: 00000000ffffffff RBX: ffff9c94278c0000 RCX: 0000000000000000
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: RDX: 0000000000000001 RSI: ffffbbd284070000 RDI: ffffbbd284009400
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: RBP: ffffbbd281b73728 R08: ffffffffc07531e0 R09: 0000000000000004
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: R10: ffffffffc0753140 R11: ffff9c94327c84e0 R12: 00000000ffffffff
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: R13: ffff9c9427858ea0 R14: ffffffffffffffff R15: ffff9c9433855748
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: FS: 00007fed32f56600(0000) GS:ffff9c943dd80000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: CR2: 000055ede85690c0 CR3: 000000026e218001 CR4: 00000000003606e0
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: Call Trace:
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: nv04_timer_read+0x35/0x60 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: nvkm_timer_read+0x15/0x20 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: g84_bar_flush+0x5f/0xe0 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: nvkm_bar_flush+0x1f/0x30 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: nv50_instobj_release+0x2e/0xa0 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: gp100_vmm_lpt_invalid+0x7c/0xd0 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: nvkm_vmm_unref_ptes+0x1e0/0x1f0 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: nvkm_vmm_iter.constprop.13+0x24e/0x880 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: ? ktime_get+0x43/0xa0
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: ? gf100_vmm_pgt_dma+0x2f0/0x2f0 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: ? nvkm_vmm_put_region+0x160/0x160 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: ? quirk_increase_t12_delay+0x10/0x20 [i915]
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: nvkm_vmm_ptes_unmap_put+0x32/0x50 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: ? gf100_vmm_pgt_dma+0x2f0/0x2f0 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: nvkm_vmm_put_locked+0x103/0x220 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: nvkm_uvmm_mthd+0x7d1/0x8d0 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: ? ext4_inode_csum.isra.56+0x1a2/0x210
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: nvkm_object_mthd+0x1a/0x30 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: nvkm_ioctl_mthd+0x5d/0xb0 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: nvkm_ioctl+0x11d/0x280 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: nvkm_client_ioctl+0x12/0x20 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: nvif_object_ioctl+0x47/0x50 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: nvif_object_mthd+0x129/0x150 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: ? find_get_entries+0x168/0x200
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: ? __slab_free+0x14d/0x2c0
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: nvif_vmm_put+0x5f/0x80 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: nouveau_vma_del+0x75/0xc0 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: nouveau_gem_object_close+0x1e3/0x230 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: drm_gem_object_release_handle+0x33/0x90 [drm]
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: drm_gem_handle_delete+0x5e/0x90 [drm]
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: ? drm_gem_handle_create+0x40/0x40 [drm]
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: drm_gem_close_ioctl+0x20/0x30 [drm]
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: drm_ioctl_kernel+0x5f/0xb0 [drm]
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: drm_ioctl+0x31b/0x3d0 [drm]
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: ? drm_gem_handle_create+0x40/0x40 [drm]
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: nouveau_drm_ioctl+0x72/0xc0 [nouveau]
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: do_vfs_ioctl+0xa8/0x630
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: ? handle_mm_fault+0xb1/0x1f0
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: ? __do_page_fault+0x270/0x4d0
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: SyS_ioctl+0x79/0x90
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: do_syscall_64+0x73/0x130
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x3d/0xa2
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: RIP: 0033:0x7fed3034b5d7
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: RSP: 002b:00007ffca146f788 EFLAGS: 00003246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000010
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 000055ede8567230 RCX: 00007fed3034b5d7
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: RDX: 00007ffca146f7c0 RSI: 0000000040086409 RDI: 0000000000000010
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: RBP: 00007ffca146f7c0 R08: 0000000000000081 R09: 000055ede8a36c30
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: R10: 00007fed30620ca0 R11: 0000000000003246 R12: 0000000040086409
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: R13: 0000000000000010 R14: 000055ede77e36a8 R15: ffffffffffffffff
фев 19 10:15:40 denis-pc kernel: Code: ff b8 ff ff 00 00 5d c3 0f 1f 44 00 00 55 48 81 ff ff ff 03 00 48 89 e5 77 0f 48 81 ff 00 00 01 00 76 0a 0f b7 d7 ed 5d c3 8b 0
фев 19 10:15:56 denis-pc systemd[1]: acpid.service: State 'stop-final-sigterm' timed out. Killing.
фев 19 10:15:56 denis-pc systemd[1]: acpid.service: Killing process 721 (acpid) with signal SIGKILL.
фев 19 10:15:56 denis-pc systemd[1]: lightdm.service: Processes still around after final SIGKILL. Entering failed mode.
фев 19 10:15:56 denis-pc systemd[1]: lightdm.service: Failed with result 'timeout'
nvidia驱动有问题吗？
答案1
我找到了解决方案。我尝试重新安装驱动程序，删除nouveau。但新的错误不断出现。问题出在 ACPI 上。我想，我的电脑没有对 Linux 或其他东西的 ACPI 支持，这就是为什么所有 Linux 系统都被破坏了（我使用的是笔记本 MSI GL63 8RD）。在rEFInd 中，您需要在elementary OS 上按F2，然后在某些菜单项上再次按F2。在这里你需要在某个地方写 acpi=off （我猜是在 initrd 之前？）像这样（记住或拍一张你的参数的照片，为单用户 mod 拍一张照片也可能很有用）：
ro root=UUID=71b3a0e8-7b30-44ce-8058-00ab43d17a00 acpi=off initrd=boot\initrd.img-4.15.0-45-generic
如果它适合您，您可以将其永久化（可以，但如果您的计算机上装有 Windows，则不要在 BIOS 中执行此操作）。转至 Linux 磁盘的 /boot。检查是否有你的initrd.img。创建文件 refind_linux.conf。您可以在此处编写自定义菜单条目。当心，重新启动后您将只能看到此文件中的条目，因此请务必使用 LiveCD 删除它，以防出现错误。像这样编写您的自定义条目（无需编写 initrd，因为 rEFInd 自动查找内核并使用最新版本）：
"Boot using default options" "root=UUID=71b3a0e8-7b30-44ce-8058-00ab43d17a00 ro acpi=off"
您可以从文件夹 /dev/disk/by-uuid/ 复制磁盘的 UUID：
ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/
您可能还想为单用户 mod 或 /boot 中过时的内核创建选项，因此您可以从原始的 rEFInd 启动而不需要 refind_linux.conf 复制它。希望它对你有用！ :)
PS：当使用 LiveCD 时，您可能会在那里找到 GRUB2。要在关闭 ACPI 的情况下从 liveCD 启动，请查看这个答案。
PPS（经过大约一周的测试）：计算机顺利启动和关闭。但是这个解决方案将关闭系统中的电池指示灯（如果你有一些硬件LED，这是件好事），而且你的笔记本电脑可能永远不会进入睡眠状态，它只会关闭挂起的计算机。关机后，我收到消息“系统已停止”，然后我必须手动按下电源按钮才能关闭电源。至少它工作得很好...
其实，还有另一种方法。我删除了 nouveau 驱动程序并安装了 nvidia-driver-390 （目前是最后一个）。看起来现在我可以使用 ACPI 运行我的笔记本电脑了。我认为，这是一个MSI 笔记本电脑的已知问题。