如何找到 Linux 应用程序二进制文件所在的位置?

如何找到 Linux 应用程序二进制文件所在的位置?

一个应用程序通常包含 3 种不同的文件类型:

  • 二进制文件
  • 配置文件
  • 应用数据

Linux(例如 CentOS、RHEL)在哪里存储给定应用程序的二进制文件?我怎样才能找到它以进行应用程序?

答案1

您可以用于whereis此任务。

$ whereis python3
python3: /usr/bin/python3.5m /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3.5 /usr/lib/python3 /usr/lib/python3.5 /etc/python3 /usr/local/lib/python3.5 /usr/share/python3 /usr/share/man/man1/python3.1.gz

答案2

要查找二进制文件本身,另一种方法是type.

$ type python3
python3 is /usr/bin/python3
$

就配置文件和数据文件的位置而言,确定它们的最佳位置通常是相关man页面。

$ man python3 | grep -A10 FILES
FILES AND DIRECTORIES
       These are subject to difference depending on local installation conven‐
       tions;  ${prefix}  and  ${exec_prefix}  are  installation-dependent and
       should be interpreted as for GNU software; they may be the  same.   The
       default for both is /usr/local.

       ${exec_prefix}/bin/python
              Recommended location of the interpreter.

       ${prefix}/lib/python<version>
       ${exec_prefix}/lib/python<version>
$

答案3

您可以尝试which像这样使用:

$ which zoom
/usr/bin/zoom

这可能是一个符号链接,因此要找到实际的真实路径

ls -la $(which zoom)
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Apr 24 07:19 /usr/bin/zoom -> /opt/zoom/ZoomLauncher

答案4

Shell脚本what-about

我使用 shellscriptwhat-about来显示可执行程序的一些基本信息,这些信息可以通过PATH,

  • 它位于哪里
  • 它属于哪个包或可以从哪个包安装
  • 它是什么类型的程序(二进制可执行代码、shellscript、shell 内置、别名、链接...)

该shellscript 使用属于 Debian 和 Ubuntu 的bash工具,也可以在从这两个发行版开发的 Linux 发行版中使用。dpkg如果你想查看一个[debian]程序包的全部内容,你可以使用dpkgemacs根据这个链接到 AskUbuntu

如果你想在其他发行版中找到该程序所属的程序包,原问题中提到了CentOS和RHEL,则必须替换dpkg为相应的工具。

这里是:

#!/bin/bash

LANG=C
inversvid="\0033[7m"
resetvid="\0033[0m"

if [ $# -ne 1 ]
then
 echo "Usage: ${0##*/} <program-name>"
 echo "Will try to find corresponding package"
 echo "and tell what kind of program it is"
 exit 1
fi
command="$1"

str=;for ((i=1;i<=$(tput cols);i++)) do str="-$str";done
tmp="$command"
first=true
curdir="$(pwd)"
tmq=$(which "$command")
tdr="${tmq%/*}"
tex="${tmq##*/}"
if test -d "$tdr"; then cd "$tdr"; fi
#echo "cwd='$(pwd)' ################# d"

while $first || [ "${tmp:0:1}" == "l" ]
do
 first=false
 tmp=${tmp##*\ }
 tmq="$tmp"
 tmp=$(ls -l "$(which "$tmp")" 2>/dev/null)
 tdr="${tmq%/*}"
 tex="${tmq##*/}"
 if test -d "$tdr"; then cd "$tdr"; fi
# echo "cwd='$(pwd)' ################# d"
 if [ "$tmp" == "" ]
 then
  tmp=$(ls -l "$tex" 2>/dev/null)
  tmp=${tmp##*\ }
  if [ "$tmp" == "" ]
  then
   echo "$command is not in PATH"
#   package=$(bash -ic "$command -v 2>&1")
#   echo "package=$package XXXXX 0"
   bash -ic "alias '$command' > /dev/null 2>&1" > /dev/null 2>&1
   if [ $? -ne 0 ]
   then
    echo 'looking for package ...'
    package=$(bash -ic "$command -v 2>&1"| sed -e '0,/with:/d'| grep -v '^$')
   else
    echo 'alias, hence not looking for package'
   fi
#   echo "package=$package XXXXX 1"
   if [ "$package" != "" ]
   then
    echo "$str"
    echo "package: [to get command '$1']"
    echo -e "${inversvid}${package}${resetvid}"
   fi
   else
    echo "$tmp"
   fi
 else
  echo "$tmp"
 fi
done
tmp=${tmp##*\ }
if [ "$tmp" != "" ]
then
 echo "$str"
 program="$tex"
 program="$(pwd)/$tex"
 file "$program"
 if [ "$program" == "/usr/bin/snap" ]
 then
  echo "$str"
  echo "/usr/bin/snap run $command     # run $command "
  sprog=$(find /snap/"$command" -type f -iname "$command" \
   -exec file {} \; 2>/dev/null | sort | tail -n1)
  echo -e "${inversvid}file: $sprog$resetvid"
  echo "/usr/bin/snap list $command    # list $command"
  slist="$(/usr/bin/snap list "$command")"
  echo -e "${inversvid}$slist$resetvid"
 else
  package=$(dpkg -S "$program")
  if [ "$package" == "" ]
  then
   package=$(dpkg -S "$tex" | grep -e " /bin/$tex$" -e " /sbin/$tex$")
   if [ "$package" != "" ]
   then
    ls -l /bin /sbin
   fi
  fi
  if [ "$package" != "" ]
  then
   echo "$str"
   echo " package: /path/program  [for command '$1']"
   echo -e "${inversvid} $package ${resetvid}"
  fi
 fi
fi
echo "$str"
#alias=$(grep "alias $command=" "$HOME/.bashrc")
alias=$(bash -ic "alias '$command' 2>/dev/null"| grep "$command")
if [ "$alias" != "" ]
then
 echo "$alias"
fi
type=$(type "$command" 2>/dev/null)
if [ "$type" != "" ]
then
 echo "type: $type"
elif [ "$alias" == "" ]
then
 echo "type: $command: not found"
fi
cd "$curdir"

该 shellscript 可以找到一个链接或一系列链接“后面”的程序。

也可以看看这个链接到 AskUbuntu,其中有一些演示示例。

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