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CentOS 7.2：Yum repo 配置失败

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CentOS 7.2：Yum repo 配置失败

全新安装 CentOS 7.2.1511。服务器最初配置了网络管理器，yum 运行良好。最近禁用了网络管理器并使用传统服务 (/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts) 配置了网络。为 NIC 分配了新的 IP 地址。设置最初在 10.xxx 网络上，现在在 192.168.xx 网络上。

当我尝试运行 yum 时出现以下错误：

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/%24releasever/os/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not Found
Trying other mirror.
To address this issue please refer to the below knowledge base article 

https://access.redhat.com/articles/1320623

If above article doesn't help to resolve this issue please create a bug on https://bugs.centos.org/

http://mirror.centos.org/centos/%24releasever/extras/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not Found
Trying other mirror.


 One of the configured repositories failed (CentOS-$releasever - Extras),
 and yum doesn't have enough cached data to continue. At this point the only
 safe thing yum can do is fail. There are a few ways to work "fix" this:

 1. Contact the upstream for the repository and get them to fix the problem.

 2. Reconfigure the baseurl/etc. for the repository, to point to a working
    upstream. This is most often useful if you are using a newer
    distribution release than is supported by the repository (and the
    packages for the previous distribution release still work).

 3. Disable the repository, so yum won't use it by default. Yum will then
    just ignore the repository until you permanently enable it again or use
    --enablerepo for temporary usage:

        yum-config-manager --disable extras

 4. Configure the failing repository to be skipped, if it is unavailable.
    Note that yum will try to contact the repo. when it runs most commands,
    so will have to try and fail each time (and thus. yum will be be much
    slower). If it is a very temporary problem though, this is often a nice
    compromise:

        yum-config-manager --save --setopt=extras.skip_if_unavailable=true

failure: repodata/repomd.xml from extras: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/extras/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not Found

以下是网络接口的设置。em1 和 em2 具有相同的基本配置：

TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=none
DEFROUTE=yes
PEERDNS=yes
PEERROUTES=yes
NAME=em1
NM_CONTROLLED=no
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
UUID=d67971e8-846d-428c-9a1d-ff2768ae6ddb
DEVICE=em1
HWADDR=14:18:77:69:D5:DB
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.x.x
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.x.x

我的 /etc/hosts 文件：

127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.x.x hostname

我的 /etc/resolv.conf 文件：

nameserver 68.105.28.12
nameserver 68.105.29.11

我的 CentOS-Base.repo 文件。我取消了 baseurl 设置的注释，以查看是否可行：

# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the 
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
# 
#

[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os&infra=$infra
baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
skip_if_unavailable = 1
keepcache = 0

#released updates 
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates&infra=$infra
baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras&infra=$infra
baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus&infra=$infra
baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

yum repolist 的结果：

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/%24releasever/os/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml:   [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not Found
Trying other mirror.
To address this issue please refer to the below knowledge base article 

https://access.redhat.com/articles/1320623

If above article doesn't help to resolve this issue please create a bug on   https://bugs.centos.org/

  http://mirror.centos.org/centos/%24releasever/extras/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not Found
Trying other mirror.
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/%24releasever/extras/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not Found
Trying other mirror.
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/%24releasever/updates/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not Found
Trying other mirror.
repo id                                                                           repo name                                                                         status
extras/$releasever/x86_64                                                       CentOS-$releasever - Extras                                                   0
updates/$releasever/x86_64                                                  CentOS-$releasever - Updates                                                  0
repolist: 0

卷曲结果：

curl 'http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=i386&repo=os'
http://mirrors.usc.edu/pub/linux/distributions/centos/6.8/os/i386/
http://mirror.lug.udel.edu/pub/centos/6.8/os/i386/
http://mirrors.lga7.us.voxel.net/centos/6.8/os/i386/
http://mirror.chpc.utah.edu/pub/centos/6.8/os/i386/
http://centos.unixheads.org/6.8/os/i386/
http://centos.mirror.lstn.net/6.8/os/i386/
http://centos.mirror.nac.net/6.8/os/i386/
http://mirror.tocici.com/centos/6.8/os/i386/
http://mirror.supremebytes.com/centos/6.8/os/i386/
http://mirror.steadfast.net/centos/6.8/os/i386/

我可以 ping 外部主机并可以挖掘域名：

dig cnn.com

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-29.el7_2.3 <<>> cnn.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 29420
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;cnn.com.           IN  A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
cnn.com.        156 IN  A   157.166.226.26
cnn.com.        156 IN  A   157.166.226.25

;; Query time: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 68.105.28.12#53(68.105.28.12)
;; WHEN: Mon Jun 20 12:28:44 EDT 2016
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 68

我确信这与 em1 和 em2 的旧配置有关，当时它们绑定到不同的 IP 地址，但我不知道还能去哪里查找。我可能缺少什么才能让 yum 正常工作？

答案1

经过进一步的侦查，我终于搞清楚了。缺少目录层次结构，yum 无法检测到我的 CentOS 版本。运行以下命令立即解决了这个问题：

mkdir -p /etc/yum/vars
echo 7.2.1511 > /etc/yum/vars/releasever

如果您遇到此问题并且没有其他解决方法，请将“7.2.1511”替换为您自己的发布版本。

更新于 2017 年 5 月 21 日：“7.2.1511”路径已弃用。如果您仍在使用 CentOS 7.2.1511，请运行以下命令以保持 yum 正常运行：

echo 7 > /etc/yum/vars/releasever

如果您突然发现 yum 已停止工作，那么这应该可以解决问题。

答案2

来源

一种解决方法是运行以下命令。

rm -fr /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7
yum clean all

这对我有用。 CentOS Linux 版本 7.2.1511 (核心)

答案3

http://mirror.centos.org/centos/%24releasever/os/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml：[Errno 14] HTTP 错误 404 - 未找到尝试其他镜像。

这准确地告诉了您所需要知道的一切。

[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/? release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os&infra=$infra
baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
skip_if_unavailable = 1
keepcache = 0

#released updates 
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?    release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates&infra=$infra
baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?   release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras&infra=$infra
baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?  release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus&infra=$infra
baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

注意问号和参数之间的空格。

http://mirrorlist.centos.org/? 发布=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os&infra=$infra

以及标签

镜像列表=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/? 发布=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates&infra=$infra

?您需要做的是删除和之间的空格release

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