我意外删除了双启动笔记本电脑上的大部分 Windows 分区表，并尝试修复/恢复有故障的分区表。
我有一台双启动笔记本电脑：Ubuntu 和 Windows。Grub 仍然有效（我可以启动 Ubuntu）。
- Ubuntu 16.10（包括启动分区）位于
/dev/sdb - Windows 10 位于
/dev/sda。
我意外删除了 Windows 分区表的大部分内容dev/sda（愚蠢的错误时有发生）。根据以下内容，以下是剩余的内容fdisk：
$ sudo fdisk -lu /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 465,8 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 6CAE9467-2FF5-4DB9-8E72-4321E9061C2A
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda2 923648 1128447 204800 100M EFI System
我仍然可以从 grub 中选择 Windows，但是现在我当然只得到（德语为：恢复，系统必须修复）：
来自我/boot/grub/grub.cfg的/dev/sdb：
menuentry 'Windows Boot Manager (on /dev/sda2)' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-efi-46A6-7D64' {
insmod part_gpt
insmod fat
set root='hd0,gpt2'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 46A6-7D64
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 46A6-7D64
fi
chainloader /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
testdisk结果dev/sda：
TestDisk 7.0, Data Recovery Utility, April 2015
Christophe GRENIER <[email protected]>
http://www.cgsecurity.org
Disk /dev/sda - 500 GB / 465 GiB - CHS 60801 255 63
Partition Start End Size in sectors
>P MS Data 2048 923647 921600
P MS Data 923648 1128447 204800 [NO NAME]
D MS Data 1161216 975772594 974611379
D MS Data 974774273 975773696 999424
D MS Data 975773696 976773119 999424
Structure: Ok. Use Up/Down Arrow keys to select partition.
Use Left/Right Arrow keys to CHANGE partition characteristics:
P=Primary D=Deleted
Keys A: add partition, L: load backup, T: change type, P: list files,
Enter: to continue
NTFS, blocksize=4096, 471 MB / 450 MiB
使用以下详细信息查看每个分区后，P: list files似乎：
- 分区 1：恢复。可以保留吗？
- 分区 2：确定
- 分区 3：包含 Windows10 内容
- 分区 4：应保持删除状态（？）
- 分区 5：恢复。可以删除吗？
我的问题：
- 我应该恢复分区 3 吗（使用
L: load backup）？ - 分区 4 是否应保持状态
D（已删除）？无论如何，它似乎已损坏。 - 分区 5 是否应保持状态
D（已删除）？它包含恢复，但分区 1 上已有一个有效的恢复。 - 我如何确保条目
grub指向/dev/sda2正确的位置？
testdisk输入每个分区后的结果P：
分区 1
P MS Data 2048 923647 921600 Directory / >dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 4-Jun-2016 23:48 . dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 4-Jun-2016 23:48 .. dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 4-Jun-2016 23:44 Recovery dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 1-Jun-2016 14:12 System Volume Information分区 2
P MS Data 923648 1128447 204800 [NO NAME] Directory / >drwxr-xr-x 0 0 0 2-Jun-2016 07:34 EFI分区 3
MS Data 1161216 975772594 974611379 Directory / >dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 10-Feb-2017 01:05 . dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 10-Feb-2017 01:05 .. dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 22-Aug-2016 22:54 $GetCurrent dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 2-Jun-2016 10:40 $Recycle.Bin dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 8-Nov-2016 18:54 Intel dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 27-Apr-2016 07:52 Logs dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 16-Jul-2016 13:47 PerfLogs dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 2-Feb-2017 23:13 Program Files dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 2-Feb-2017 23:11 Program Files (x86) dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 22-Aug-2016 22:59 ProgramData dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 27-Dec-2016 15:55 Python36 dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 22-Aug-2016 22:38 Recovery dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 20-Jun-2016 22:03 SQL Server 2000 Sample Databases dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 21-Jun-2016 20:06 SQLServer2016Media dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 10-Feb-2017 00:28 System Volume Information dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 22-Aug-2016 22:44 Users dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 10-Feb-2017 01:06 Windows dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 22-Aug-2016 22:54 Windows10Upgrade dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 5-Oct-2016 19:25 _tmp dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 4-Jun-2016 22:23 cloud dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 2-Feb-2017 18:45 projects dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 24-Jul-2016 14:35 tools -r--r--r-- 0 0 1 30-Oct-2015 08:18 BOOTNXT -r--r--r-- 0 0 0 27-Dec-2016 15:55 Python36:Win32App_1 -r--r--r-- 0 0 0 20-Jun-2016 22:03 SQL Server 2000 Sample Databases:Win32App_1 -r--r--r-- 0 0 395268 10-Jul-2015 13:00 bootmgr -r--r--r-- 0 0 2550136832 10-Feb-2017 01:07 pagefile.sys -r--r--r-- 0 0 16777216 10-Feb-2017 01:07 swapfile.sys分区 4
MS Data 974774273 975773696 999424 Can't open filesystem. Filesystem seems damaged.分区 5
MS Data 975773696 976773119 999424 Directory / >dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 18-Nov-2016 21:26 . dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 18-Nov-2016 21:26 .. dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 22-Aug-2016 23:36 Recovery dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 4-Jun-2016 22:49 System Volume Information
testdisk.log：
Thu Feb 16 20:46:55 2017
Command line: TestDisk
TestDisk 7.0, Data Recovery Utility, April 2015
Christophe GRENIER <[email protected]>
http://www.cgsecurity.org
OS: Linux, kernel 4.8.0-37-generic (#39-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jan 26 02:27:07 UTC 2017) x86_64
Compiler: GCC 5.3
ext2fs lib: 1.43.3, ntfs lib: libntfs-3g, reiserfs lib: none, ewf lib: none, curses lib: ncurses 6.0
/dev/sda: LBA, HPA, LBA48, DCO support
/dev/sda: size 976773168 sectors
/dev/sda: user_max 976773168 sectors
/dev/sda: native_max 976773168 sectors
/dev/sda: dco 976773168 sectors
/dev/sdb: LBA, HPA, LBA48, DCO support
/dev/sdb: size 976773168 sectors
/dev/sdb: user_max 976773168 sectors
/dev/sdb: native_max 976773168 sectors
/dev/sdb: dco 976773168 sectors
Warning: can't get size for Disk /dev/mapper/control - 0 B - 0 sectors, sector size=512
Hard disk list
Disk /dev/sda - 500 GB / 465 GiB - CHS 60801 255 63, sector size=512 - Samsung SSD 850 EVO 500GB, S/N:S1YCNXAGB00962X, FW:EMT02B6Q
Disk /dev/sdb - 500 GB / 465 GiB - CHS 60801 255 63, sector size=512 - Samsung SSD 850 EVO M.2 500GB, S/N:S24CNXAH208296N, FW:EMT21B6Q
Partition table type (auto): EFI GPT
Disk /dev/sda - 500 GB / 465 GiB - Samsung SSD 850 EVO 500GB
Partition table type: EFI GPT
Analyse Disk /dev/sda - 500 GB / 465 GiB - CHS 60801 255 63
hdr_size=92
hdr_lba_self=1
hdr_lba_alt=976773167 (expected 976773167)
hdr_lba_start=34
hdr_lba_end=976773134
hdr_lba_table=2
hdr_entries=128
hdr_entsz=128
Current partition structure:
2 P EFI System 923648 1128447 204800 [EFI system partition]
search_part()
Disk /dev/sda - 500 GB / 465 GiB - CHS 60801 255 63
NTFS at 0/32/33
filesystem size 921600
sectors_per_cluster 8
mft_lcn 38400
mftmirr_lcn 2
clusters_per_mft_record -10
clusters_per_index_record 1
NTFS part_offset=1048576, part_size=471859200, sector_size=512
NTFS partition cannot be added (part_offset<part_size).
NTFS at 0/32/33
filesystem size 921600
sectors_per_cluster 8
mft_lcn 38400
mftmirr_lcn 2
clusters_per_mft_record -10
clusters_per_index_record 1
MS Data 2048 923647 921600
NTFS, blocksize=4096, 471 MB / 450 MiB
FAT32 at 57/126/6
FAT1 : 6654-7422
FAT2 : 7423-8191
start_rootdir : 8192 root cluster : 2
Data : 8192-204799
sectors : 204800
cluster_size : 2
no_of_cluster : 98304 (2 - 98305)
fat_length 769 calculated 769
set_FAT_info: name from BS used
FAT32 at 57/126/6
MS Data 923648 1128447 204800 [NO NAME]
FAT32, blocksize=1024, 104 MB / 100 MiB
NTFS at 72/72/1
filesystem size 974611379
sectors_per_cluster 8
mft_lcn 786432
mftmirr_lcn 2
clusters_per_mft_record -10
clusters_per_index_record 1
NTFS part_offset=594542592, part_size=499001026048, sector_size=512
NTFS partition cannot be added (part_offset<part_size).
NTFS at 72/72/1
filesystem size 974611379
sectors_per_cluster 8
mft_lcn 786432
mftmirr_lcn 2
clusters_per_mft_record -10
clusters_per_index_record 1
MS Data 1161216 975772594 974611379
NTFS, blocksize=4096, 499 GB / 464 GiB
NTFS at 60739/26/24
filesystem size 999424
sectors_per_cluster 8
mft_lcn 41642
mftmirr_lcn 2
clusters_per_mft_record -10
clusters_per_index_record 1
MS Data 974774273 975773696 999424
NTFS found using backup sector, blocksize=4096, 511 MB / 488 MiB
NTFS at 60739/26/24
filesystem size 999424
sectors_per_cluster 8
mft_lcn 41642
mftmirr_lcn 2
clusters_per_mft_record -10
clusters_per_index_record 1
MS Data 975773696 976773119 999424
NTFS, blocksize=4096, 511 MB / 488 MiB
Results
P MS Data 2048 923647 921600
NTFS, blocksize=4096, 471 MB / 450 MiB
P MS Data 923648 1128447 204800 [NO NAME]
FAT32, blocksize=1024, 104 MB / 100 MiB
MS Data 1161216 975772594 974611379
NTFS, blocksize=4096, 499 GB / 464 GiB
MS Data 974774273 975773696 999424
NTFS found using backup sector, blocksize=4096, 511 MB / 488 MiB
MS Data 975773696 976773119 999424
NTFS, blocksize=4096, 511 MB / 488 MiB
Hint for advanced users. dmsetup may be used if you prefer to avoid to rewrite the partition table for the moment:
echo "0 921600 linear /dev/sda 2048" | dmsetup create test0
echo "0 204800 linear /dev/sda 923648" | dmsetup create test1
echo "0 974611379 linear /dev/sda 1161216" | dmsetup create test2
echo "0 999424 linear /dev/sda 974774273" | dmsetup create test3
echo "0 999424 linear /dev/sda 975773696" | dmsetup create test4
ntfs_device_testdisk_io_ioctl() unimplemented
dir_partition inode=5
P MS Data 2048 923647 921600
NTFS, blocksize=4096, 471 MB / 450 MiB
Directory /
5 dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 4-Jun-2016 23:48 .
5 dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 4-Jun-2016 23:48 ..
37 dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 4-Jun-2016 23:44 Recovery
35 dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 1-Jun-2016 14:12 System Volume Information
dir_partition inode=0
P MS Data 923648 1128447 204800 [NO NAME]
FAT32, blocksize=1024, 104 MB / 100 MiB
FAT: cluster=2(0x2), pos=931840
Directory /
3 drwxr-xr-x 0 0 0 2-Jun-2016 07:34 EFI
ntfs_device_testdisk_io_ioctl() unimplemented
dir_partition inodentfs_mst_post_read_fixup_warn: magic: 0x00000000 size: 1024 usa_ofs: 0 usa_count: 65535: Invalid argument
Record 0 has no FILE magic (0x0)
Failed to load $MFT: Input/output error
ntfs_mst_post_read_fixup_warn: magic: 0x00000000 size: 1024 usa_ofs: 0 usa_count: 65535: Invalid argument
Record 0 has no FILE magic (0x0)
Failed to load $MFT: Input/output error
=5
MS Data 1161216 975772594 974611379
NTFS, blocksize=4096, 499 GB / 464 GiB
Directory /
5 dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 10-Feb-2017 01:05 .
5 dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 10-Feb-2017 01:05 ..
132 dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 22-Aug-2016 22:54 $GetCurrent
63 dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 2-Jun-2016 10:40 $Recycle.Bin
86499 dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 8-Nov-2016 18:54 Intel
135457 dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 27-Apr-2016 07:52 Logs
184781 dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 16-Jul-2016 13:47 PerfLogs
184785 dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 2-Feb-2017 23:13 Program Files
192329 dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 2-Feb-2017 23:11 Program Files (x86)
192466 dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 22-Aug-2016 22:59 ProgramData
279327 dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 27-Dec-2016 15:55 Python36
174888 dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 22-Aug-2016 22:38 Recovery
546406 dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 20-Jun-2016 22:03 SQL Server 2000 Sample Databases
210433 dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 21-Jun-2016 20:06 SQLServer2016Media
82311 dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 10-Feb-2017 00:28 System Volume Information
192686 dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 22-Aug-2016 22:44 Users
193184 dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 10-Feb-2017 01:06 Windows
17780 dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 22-Aug-2016 22:54 Windows10Upgrade
136591 dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 5-Oct-2016 19:25 _tmp
463 dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 4-Jun-2016 22:23 cloud
170100 dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 2-Feb-2017 18:45 projects
300 dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 24-Jul-2016 14:35 tools
389125 -r--r--r-- 0 0 1 30-Oct-2015 08:18 BOOTNXT
279327 -r--r--r-- 0 0 0 27-Dec-2016 15:55 Python36:Win32App_1
546406 -r--r--r-- 0 0 0 20-Jun-2016 22:03 SQL Server 2000 Sample Databases:Win32App_1
19844 -r--r--r-- 0 0 395268 10-Jul-2015 13:00 bootmgr
34 -r--r--r-- 0 0 2550136832 10-Feb-2017 01:07 pagefile.sys
82325 -r--r--r-- 0 0 16777216 10-Feb-2017 01:07 swapfile.sys
ntfs_device_testdisk_io_ioctl() unimplemented
ntfs_device_testdisk_io_ioctl() unimplemented
MS Data 974774273 975773696 999424
NTFS found using backup sector, blocksize=4096, 511 MB / 488 MiB
Can't open filesystem. Filesystem seems damaged.
ntfs_device_testdisk_io_ioctl() unimplemented
dir_partition inode=5
MS Data 975773696 976773119 999424
NTFS, blocksize=4096, 511 MB / 488 MiB
Directory /
5 dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 18-Nov-2016 21:26 .
5 dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 18-Nov-2016 21:26 ..
35 dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 22-Aug-2016 23:36 Recovery
40 dr-xr-xr-x 0 0 0 4-Jun-2016 22:49 System Volume Information
interface_write()
1 P MS Data 2048 923647 921600
2 P MS Data 923648 1128447 204800 [NO NAME]
simulate write!
TestDisk exited normally.