我正在尝试通过 USB 端口连接我的 TP-Link AC600 无线适配器，以连接到 Kali Linux Rolling，但我遇到了无法显示的问题ifconfig
root@kali:~# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.1.139 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
inet6 0000::000:0000:0000:0000 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:00:00:00:00:00 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 125 bytes 20180 (19.7 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 1 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 72 bytes 14284 (13.9 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 20 bytes 1116 (1.0 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 20 bytes 1116 (1.0 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
root@kali:~#
注意：为了发布此信息，我故意将 MAC 地址和 inet6 设置为全 0。
我知道它存在，因为我运行了iwconfig：
root@kali:~# iwconfig
lo no wireless extensions.
eth0 no wireless extensions.
ra0 Ralink STA
root@kali:~#
我尝试将其调出但收到错误：
root@kali:~# ifconfig ra0 up
SIOCSIFFLAGS: Operation not permitted
root@kali:~#
我已经确认 Kali 知道我的适配器已插入：
root@kali:~# lsusb
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 148f:761a Ralink Technology, Corp.
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 80ee:0021 VirtualBox USB Tablet
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
root@kali:~#
我的旧 wifi 适配器 Edimax N150 从未出现过这个问题。
任何帮助将不胜感激！！
编辑：
这是我的 Linux 版本的输出：
root@kali:~# cat /proc/version
Linux version 4.9.0-kali3-amd64 ([email protected]) (gcc version 6.3.0
20170321 (Debian 6.3.0-11) ) #1 SMP Debian 4.9.18-1kali1 (2017-04-04)
输出ip link（再次，我审查了我的 MAC 地址）
root@kali:~# ip link
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode
DEFAULT group default qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast
state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 01:01:01:01:01:01 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: ra0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode
DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
没有输出iw ra0 scan dump：
root@kali:~# iw ra0 scan dump
root@kali:~#
了解我正在运行的虚拟机安装了 Guest Additions，并且安装了 VirtualBox 版本 5.1.20 r114628（Qt5.6.2）。
编辑 2：我从这github 存储库使用其 README 文件中的说明。
当我运行时，lsmod列表中会出现以下条目：
mt7650u_sta 913408 0
这是我运行时得到的结果airmon-ng：
root@kali:~# airmon-ng
PHY Interface Driver Chipset
Warn ON: USB
null ra0 ?????? Ralink Technology, Corp.
这是我运行dmesg --follow并插入适配器后出现的内容：
[ 96.244532] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 2 using ehci-pci
[ 96.626526] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=148f, idProduct=761a
[ 96.626528] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[ 96.626529] usb 1-1: Product: WiFi
[ 96.626530] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: MediaTek
[ 96.626531] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: 1.0
[ 97.370532] rtusb init rt2870 --->
[ 97.370717]
=== pAd = ffffac2782215000, size = 884464 ===
[ 97.370755] <-- RTMPAllocTxRxRingMemory, Status=0
[ 97.370843] <-- RTMPAllocAdapterBlock, Status=0
[ 97.374196] ==>RT65xx_WLAN_ChipOnOff(): OnOff:1, Reset= 0, pAd- >WlanFunCtrl:0x0, Reg-WlanFunCtrl=0xff000002
[ 97.407040] MCUType = 2
[ 97.413761] NVM is EFUSE
[ 97.413763] Endpoint(8) is for In-band Command
[ 97.413764] Endpoint(4) is for WMM0 AC0
[ 97.413764] Endpoint(5) is for WMM0 AC1
[ 97.413765] Endpoint(6) is for WMM0 AC2
[ 97.413765] Endpoint(7) is for WMM0 AC3
[ 97.413766] Endpoint(9) is for WMM1 AC0
[ 97.413766] Endpoint(84) is for Data-In
[ 97.413767] Endpoint(85) is for Command Rsp
[ 97.413962] usbcore: registered new interface driver rt2870
dmesg --follow这是我尝试后出现的内容ifconfig ra0 up。似乎最后由于固件问题而发生错误：
[ 452.409459] -->RTUSBVenderReset
[ 452.412895] <--RTUSBVenderReset
[ 452.417861] fw version:0.1.00
[ 452.417862] build:7640
[ 452.417862] build time:
[ 452.417862] 2
[ 452.417863] 0
[ 452.417863] 1
[ 452.417863] 3
[ 452.417864] 0
[ 452.417864] 8
[ 452.417864] 2
[ 452.417865] 2
[ 452.417865] 1
[ 452.417865] 6
[ 452.417866] 5
[ 452.417866] 5
[ 452.417866] _
[ 452.417866] _
[ 452.417867] _
[ 452.417867] _
[ 452.417868] ilm length = 68780(bytes)
[ 452.417868] dlm length = 11476(bytes)
[ 452.499268] #
[ 452.584208] #
[ 452.669704] #
[ 452.751712] #
[ 452.835845] #
[ 452.921746] #
[ 453.002859] #
[ 453.086978] #
[ 453.171254] #
[ 453.254671] #
[ 453.259703] RTUSB_VendorRequest failed(-110),TxFlags=0x0, ReqType=OUT, Req=0x6, Idx=0x800,pAd->Flags=0x0
[ 453.259703] VendrCmdMultiWrite_nBytes failed!
[ 453.339791] #
[ 453.425475] #
[ 453.511495] #
[ 453.595779] #
[ 453.678897] #
[ 453.762715] #
[ 453.846344] #
[ 453.930761] #
[ 454.015048] #
[ 454.101210] #
[ 454.106299] RTUSB_VendorRequest failed(-110),TxFlags=0x0, ReqType=OUT, Req=0x6, Idx=0x9a0,pAd->Flags=0x0
[ 454.106299] VendrCmdMultiWrite_nBytes failed!
[ 454.187120] #
[ 454.271227] #
[ 454.356669] #
[ 454.438907] #
[ 454.522086] #
[ 454.606318] #
[ 454.691650] #
[ 454.774580] #
[ 454.861492] #
[ 454.946881] #
[ 454.951937] RTUSB_VendorRequest failed(-110),TxFlags=0x0, ReqType=OUT, Req=0x6, Idx=0x9a4,pAd->Flags=0x0
[ 454.951937] VendrCmdMultiWrite_nBytes failed!
[ 455.030339] #
[ 455.113684] #
[ 455.198504] #
[ 455.281715] #
[ 455.366429] #
[ 455.457864] #
[ 455.541956] #
[ 455.627037] #
[ 455.712217] #
[ 455.793512] #
[ 455.798542] RTUSB_VendorRequest failed(-110),TxFlags=0x0, ReqType=OUT, Req=0x6, Idx=0x9c4,pAd->Flags=0x0
[ 455.798542] VendrCmdMultiWrite_nBytes failed!
[ 455.877982] #
[ 455.961774] #
[ 456.045695] #
[ 456.131480] #
[ 456.215752] #
[ 456.297832] #
[ 456.382229] #
[ 456.465221] #
[ 456.549737] #
[ 456.635715] #
[ 456.640787] RTUSB_VendorRequest failed(-110),TxFlags=0x0, ReqType=OUT, Req=0x6, Idx=0xa6c,pAd->Flags=0x0
[ 456.640787] VendrCmdMultiWrite_nBytes failed!
[ 456.719216] #
[ 456.801377] #
[ 456.889631] #
[ 456.976462] #
[ 457.061738] #
[ 457.144773] #
[ 457.228654] #
[ 457.313486] #
[ 457.397397] #
[ 457.481365] #
[ 457.486455] RTUSB_VendorRequest failed(-110),TxFlags=0x0, ReqType=IN, Req=0x7, Idx=0x238,pAd->Flags=0x0
[ 457.564521] #
[ 457.648699] #
[ 457.732465] #
[ 457.817127] #
[ 457.900727] #
[ 457.984601] #
[ 458.068554] #
[ 458.152929] #
[ 458.236699] #
[ 458.321164] #
[ 458.326274] RTUSB_VendorRequest failed(-110),TxFlags=0x0, ReqType=OUT, Req=0x6, Idx=0x238,pAd->Flags=0x0
[ 458.326275] VendrCmdMultiWrite_nBytes failed!
[ 458.405021] #
[ 458.489897] #
[ 458.575184] #
[ 458.660094] #
[ 458.747811] #
[ 458.832438] #
[ 458.915785] #
[ 458.999740] #
[ 459.084463] #
[ 459.168569] #
[ 459.173586] RTUSB_VendorRequest failed(-110),TxFlags=0x0, ReqType=OUT, Req=0x6, Idx=0x238,pAd->Flags=0x0
[ 459.173586] VendrCmdMultiWrite_nBytes failed!
[ 459.173590] loading fw
[ 459.255437] #
[ 459.341691] #
[ 459.426935] #
[ 459.512550] #
[ 459.595554] #
[ 459.682797] #
[ 459.769404] #
[ 459.851295] #
[ 459.939827] #
[ 460.023352] #
[ 460.028362] RTUSB_VendorRequest failed(-110),TxFlags=0x0, ReqType=OUT, Req=0x42, Idx=0x230,pAd->Flags=0x0
[ 460.028363] set fce dma descriptor fail
[ 460.108241] #
[ 460.195122] #
[ 460.280030] #
[ 460.367394] #
[ 460.455716] #
[ 460.538948] #
[ 460.623427] #
[ 460.711544] #
[ 460.795256] #
[ 460.878787] #
[ 460.883846] RTUSB_VendorRequest failed(-110),TxFlags=0x0, ReqType=OUT, Req=0x6, Idx=0x800,pAd->Flags=0x0
[ 460.883847] VendrCmdMultiWrite_nBytes failed!
[ 460.883848] ERROR!!!
[ 460.883848] NICLoadFirmware failed, Status[=0x00000001]
[ 460.883849] !!! rt28xx init fail !!!
答案1
您需要做的就是：
sudo ifconfig ra0 up
在命令前使用 sudo 它就会起作用。
如果你使用的是 eth0 或 wlan0，
sudo ifconfig eth0 up/down
sudo ifconfig wlan0 up/down
这也能正常工作，并且不会给出“操作不允许”的消息