我对 Linux 还比较陌生，所以不确定为什么会发生这种情况。
我有一个驱动器，Linux 总是将其标记为只读分区。起初我以为只是操作系统的问题，所以我从 OpenMediaVault 2.0 全新安装到 OMV 3.0（Debian 7 和 8），我运行了两者，fsck -f /dev/sdd但badblocks它们都给了我一个干净的状态，但它仍然是只读的。
我的保修期还剩大约一个月，但我需要提供良好的证明才能让他们接受。
我不知道如何读取 SMART 数据，但它在这里：
smartctl 6.4 2014-10-07 r4002 [x86_64-linux-4.9.0-0.bpo.2-amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-14, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Western Digital Red
Device Model: WDC WD20EFRX-68EUZN0
Serial Number: WD-WCC4M5LAL82H
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 20d3675a8
Firmware Version: 82.00A82
User Capacity: 2,000,398,934,016 bytes [2.00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ACS-2 (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Mon Apr 24 12:43:14 2017 EEST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
AAM feature is: Unavailable
APM feature is: Unavailable
Rd look-ahead is: Enabled
Write cache is: Disabled
ATA Security is: Disabled, frozen [SEC2]
Wt Cache Reorder: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x80) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: (26280) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 266) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 5) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x703d) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAGS VALUE WORST THRESH FAIL RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate POSR-K 200 200 051 - 0
3 Spin_Up_Time POS--K 196 168 021 - 3158
4 Start_Stop_Count -O--CK 100 100 000 - 469
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct PO--CK 200 200 140 - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate -OSR-K 200 200 000 - 0
9 Power_On_Hours -O--CK 090 090 000 - 7381
10 Spin_Retry_Count -O--CK 100 100 000 - 0
11 Calibration_Retry_Count -O--CK 100 100 000 - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count -O--CK 100 100 000 - 102
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count -O--CK 200 200 000 - 18
193 Load_Cycle_Count -O--CK 199 199 000 - 3042
194 Temperature_Celsius -O---K 113 103 000 - 34
196 Reallocated_Event_Count -O--CK 200 200 000 - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector -O--CK 200 200 000 - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable ----CK 100 253 000 - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count -O--CK 200 200 000 - 0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate ---R-- 200 200 000 - 0
||||||_ K auto-keep
|||||__ C event count
||||___ R error rate
|||____ S speed/performance
||_____ O updated online
|______ P prefailure warning
General Purpose Log Directory Version 1
SMART Log Directory Version 1 [multi-sector log support]
Address Access R/W Size Description
0x00 GPL,SL R/O 1 Log Directory
0x01 SL R/O 1 Summary SMART error log
0x02 SL R/O 5 Comprehensive SMART error log
0x03 GPL R/O 6 Ext. Comprehensive SMART error log
0x06 SL R/O 1 SMART self-test log
0x07 GPL R/O 1 Extended self-test log
0x09 SL R/W 1 Selective self-test log
0x10 GPL R/O 1 SATA NCQ Queued Error log
0x11 GPL R/O 1 SATA Phy Event Counters log
0x21 GPL R/O 1 Write stream error log
0x22 GPL R/O 1 Read stream error log
0x80-0x9f GPL,SL R/W 16 Host vendor specific log
0xa0-0xa7 GPL,SL VS 16 Device vendor specific log
0xa8-0xb7 GPL,SL VS 1 Device vendor specific log
0xbd GPL,SL VS 1 Device vendor specific log
0xc0 GPL,SL VS 1 Device vendor specific log
0xc1 GPL VS 93 Device vendor specific log
0xe0 GPL,SL R/W 1 SCT Command/Status
0xe1 GPL,SL R/W 1 SCT Data Transfer
SMART Extended Comprehensive Error Log Version: 1 (6 sectors)
Device Error Count: 2121 (device log contains only the most recent 24 errors)
CR = Command Register
FEATR = Features Register
COUNT = Count (was: Sector Count) Register
LBA_48 = Upper bytes of LBA High/Mid/Low Registers ] ATA-8
LH = LBA High (was: Cylinder High) Register ] LBA
LM = LBA Mid (was: Cylinder Low) Register ] Register
LL = LBA Low (was: Sector Number) Register ]
DV = Device (was: Device/Head) Register
DC = Device Control Register
ER = Error register
ST = Status register
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
Error 2121 [8] occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 7376 hours (307 days + 8 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER -- ST COUNT LBA_48 LH LM LL DV DC
-- -- -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- --
40 -- 51 00 00 00 00 00 c9 b1 00 40 00 Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00c9b100 = 13218048
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FEATR COUNT LBA_48 LH LM LL DV DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- == -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- -- --------------- --------------------
60 00 20 00 a8 00 00 00 c9 b1 00 40 08 5d+18:07:52.428 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 08 00 a0 00 00 80 41 19 b0 40 08 5d+18:06:52.865 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 08 00 98 00 00 80 41 19 98 40 08 5d+18:06:52.865 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 08 00 90 00 00 80 41 17 20 40 08 5d+18:06:52.864 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 08 00 88 00 00 80 41 19 70 40 08 5d+18:06:52.864 READ FPDMA QUEUED
Error 2120 [7] occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 7364 hours (306 days + 20 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER -- ST COUNT LBA_48 LH LM LL DV DC
-- -- -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- --
40 -- 51 00 00 00 00 bb 04 fa 08 00 00 Error: UNC at LBA = 0xbb04fa08 = 3137665544
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FEATR COUNT LBA_48 LH LM LL DV DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- == -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- -- --------------- --------------------
60 00 08 00 60 00 00 bb 04 fa 08 40 08 5d+06:20:06.696 READ FPDMA QUEUED
b0 00 d5 00 01 00 00 00 c2 4f 01 00 08 5d+06:19:38.449 SMART READ LOG
b0 00 d5 00 01 00 00 00 c2 4f 06 00 08 5d+06:19:38.429 SMART READ LOG
61 00 08 00 38 00 00 00 00 08 00 40 08 5d+06:19:38.407 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
b0 00 d0 00 01 00 00 00 c2 4f 00 00 08 5d+06:19:38.403 SMART READ DATA
Error 2119 [6] occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 7364 hours (306 days + 20 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER -- ST COUNT LBA_48 LH LM LL DV DC
-- -- -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- --
10 -- 51 00 00 00 00 74 44 08 90 40 00 Error: IDNF at LBA = 0x74440890 = 1950615696
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FEATR COUNT LBA_48 LH LM LL DV DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- == -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- -- --------------- --------------------
61 00 c8 00 10 00 00 74 44 08 90 40 08 5d+06:19:10.175 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
ef 00 10 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 5d+06:19:10.175 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
27 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 08 5d+06:19:10.175 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 5d+06:19:10.175 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ef 00 03 00 46 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 5d+06:19:10.175 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
Error 2118 [5] occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 7364 hours (306 days + 20 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER -- ST COUNT LBA_48 LH LM LL DV DC
-- -- -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- --
10 -- 51 00 00 00 00 74 44 08 90 40 00 Error: IDNF at LBA = 0x74440890 = 1950615696
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FEATR COUNT LBA_48 LH LM LL DV DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- == -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- -- --------------- --------------------
61 00 c8 00 e8 00 00 74 44 08 90 40 08 5d+06:19:03.155 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
ef 00 10 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 5d+06:19:03.155 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
27 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 08 5d+06:19:03.155 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 5d+06:19:03.154 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ef 00 03 00 46 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 5d+06:19:03.154 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
Error 2117 [4] occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 7364 hours (306 days + 20 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER -- ST COUNT LBA_48 LH LM LL DV DC
-- -- -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- --
10 -- 51 00 00 00 00 74 44 08 90 40 00 Error: IDNF at LBA = 0x74440890 = 1950615696
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FEATR COUNT LBA_48 LH LM LL DV DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- == -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- -- --------------- --------------------
61 00 c8 00 c8 00 00 74 44 08 90 40 08 5d+06:18:56.131 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
ef 00 10 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 5d+06:18:56.131 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
27 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 08 5d+06:18:56.131 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 5d+06:18:56.131 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ef 00 03 00 46 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 5d+06:18:56.131 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
Error 2116 [3] occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 7364 hours (306 days + 20 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER -- ST COUNT LBA_48 LH LM LL DV DC
-- -- -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- --
10 -- 51 00 00 00 00 74 44 08 90 40 00 Error: IDNF at LBA = 0x74440890 = 1950615696
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FEATR COUNT LBA_48 LH LM LL DV DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- == -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- -- --------------- --------------------
61 00 c8 00 a8 00 00 74 44 08 90 40 08 5d+06:18:49.121 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
ef 00 10 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 5d+06:18:49.120 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
27 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 08 5d+06:18:49.120 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 5d+06:18:49.120 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ef 00 03 00 46 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 5d+06:18:49.120 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
Error 2115 [2] occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 7364 hours (306 days + 20 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER -- ST COUNT LBA_48 LH LM LL DV DC
-- -- -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- --
10 -- 51 00 00 00 00 74 44 08 90 40 00 Error: IDNF at LBA = 0x74440890 = 1950615696
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FEATR COUNT LBA_48 LH LM LL DV DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- == -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- -- --------------- --------------------
61 00 c8 00 88 00 00 74 44 08 90 40 08 5d+06:18:42.106 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
ef 00 10 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 5d+06:18:42.106 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
27 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 08 5d+06:18:42.106 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 5d+06:18:42.105 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ef 00 03 00 46 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 5d+06:18:42.105 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
Error 2114 [1] occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 7364 hours (306 days + 20 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER -- ST COUNT LBA_48 LH LM LL DV DC
-- -- -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- --
10 -- 51 00 00 00 00 74 44 08 90 40 00 Error: IDNF at LBA = 0x74440890 = 1950615696
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FEATR COUNT LBA_48 LH LM LL DV DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- == -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- -- --------------- --------------------
61 00 c8 00 78 00 00 74 44 08 90 40 08 5d+06:18:35.095 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
e5 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 5d+06:18:35.095 CHECK POWER MODE
ef 00 10 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 5d+06:18:35.088 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
27 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 08 5d+06:18:35.088 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 5d+06:18:35.087 IDENTIFY DEVICE
SMART Extended Self-test Log Version: 1 (1 sectors)
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed without error 00% 7378 -
# 2 Short offline Completed without error 00% 7354 -
# 3 Short offline Completed without error 00% 7330 -
# 4 Short offline Completed without error 00% 7306 -
# 5 Short offline Completed without error 00% 7282 -
# 6 Short offline Completed without error 00% 7258 -
# 7 Short offline Completed without error 00% 7239 -
# 8 Extended offline Interrupted (host reset) 70% 7222 -
# 9 Short offline Completed without error 00% 1135 -
#10 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 1061 -
#11 Extended offline Aborted by host 70% 1052 -
#12 Short offline Completed without error 00% 1051 -
#13 Extended offline Interrupted (host reset) 90% 5 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
SCT Status Version: 3
SCT Version (vendor specific): 258 (0x0102)
SCT Support Level: 1
Device State: Active (0)
Current Temperature: 34 Celsius
Power Cycle Min/Max Temperature: 32/40 Celsius
Lifetime Min/Max Temperature: 2/44 Celsius
Under/Over Temperature Limit Count: 0/0
Vendor specific:
01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
SCT Temperature History Version: 2
Temperature Sampling Period: 1 minute
Temperature Logging Interval: 1 minute
Min/Max recommended Temperature: 0/60 Celsius
Min/Max Temperature Limit: -41/85 Celsius
Temperature History Size (Index): 478 (229)
Index Estimated Time Temperature Celsius
230 2017-04-24 04:46 35 ****************
231 2017-04-24 04:47 35 ****************
232 2017-04-24 04:48 35 ****************
233 2017-04-24 04:49 34 ***************
... ..(152 skipped). .. ***************
386 2017-04-24 07:22 34 ***************
387 2017-04-24 07:23 35 ****************
... ..( 23 skipped). .. ****************
411 2017-04-24 07:47 35 ****************
412 2017-04-24 07:48 34 ***************
... ..( 5 skipped). .. ***************
418 2017-04-24 07:54 34 ***************
419 2017-04-24 07:55 35 ****************
... ..( 9 skipped). .. ****************
429 2017-04-24 08:05 35 ****************
430 2017-04-24 08:06 34 ***************
... ..( 98 skipped). .. ***************
51 2017-04-24 09:45 34 ***************
52 2017-04-24 09:46 35 ****************
... ..( 2 skipped). .. ****************
55 2017-04-24 09:49 35 ****************
56 2017-04-24 09:50 34 ***************
... ..( 6 skipped). .. ***************
63 2017-04-24 09:57 34 ***************
64 2017-04-24 09:58 35 ****************
... ..( 18 skipped). .. ****************
83 2017-04-24 10:17 35 ****************
84 2017-04-24 10:18 34 ***************
... ..( 11 skipped). .. ***************
96 2017-04-24 10:30 34 ***************
97 2017-04-24 10:31 35 ****************
... ..( 15 skipped). .. ****************
113 2017-04-24 10:47 35 ****************
114 2017-04-24 10:48 34 ***************
... ..( 50 skipped). .. ***************
165 2017-04-24 11:39 34 ***************
166 2017-04-24 11:40 35 ****************
167 2017-04-24 11:41 34 ***************
... ..( 53 skipped). .. ***************
221 2017-04-24 12:35 34 ***************
222 2017-04-24 12:36 35 ****************
223 2017-04-24 12:37 34 ***************
224 2017-04-24 12:38 35 ****************
... ..( 4 skipped). .. ****************
229 2017-04-24 12:43 35 ****************
SCT Error Recovery Control:
Read: 70 (7.0 seconds)
Write: 70 (7.0 seconds)
Device Statistics (GP/SMART Log 0x04) not supported
SATA Phy Event Counters (GP Log 0x11)
ID Size Value Description
0x0001 2 0 Command failed due to ICRC error
0x0002 2 0 R_ERR response for data FIS
0x0003 2 0 R_ERR response for device-to-host data FIS
0x0004 2 0 R_ERR response for host-to-device data FIS
0x0005 2 0 R_ERR response for non-data FIS
0x0006 2 0 R_ERR response for device-to-host non-data FIS
0x0007 2 0 R_ERR response for host-to-device non-data FIS
0x0008 2 0 Device-to-host non-data FIS retries
0x0009 2 8 Transition from drive PhyRdy to drive PhyNRdy
0x000a 2 9 Device-to-host register FISes sent due to a COMRESET
0x000b 2 0 CRC errors within host-to-device FIS
0x000f 2 0 R_ERR response for host-to-device data FIS, CRC
0x0012 2 0 R_ERR response for host-to-device non-data FIS, CRC
0x8000 4 515583 Vendor specific
编辑：我卸载后再次运行fsck，这次出现了这个错误，虽然修复了，但几天后又变成了只读。我也在使用 ext4。
:/$ sudo fsck -f /dev/sdd1
fsck from util-linux 2.25.2
e2fsck 1.43.3 (04-Sep-2016)
WDRED3DATABASE: recovering journal
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
Free blocks count wrong (477683699, counted=477683887).
Fix<y>? yes
Free inodes count wrong (121845913, counted=121845915).
Fix<y>? yes
WDRED3DATABASE: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED *****
WDRED3DATABASE: 255845/122101760 files (0.1% non-contiguous), 10694498/488378385 blocks
答案1
我认为驱动器没有问题。我认为问题更可能出在你安装驱动器的方式上。这是来自 Ubuntu 论坛的修复安装问题的链接。
https://askubuntu.com/questions/333287/external-hard-disk-read-only