Badblocks 和 fsck 表示 HDD 是干净的,但 Linux 将其标记为只读

Badblocks 和 fsck 表示 HDD 是干净的,但 Linux 将其标记为只读

我对 Linux 还比较陌生,所以不确定为什么会发生这种情况。

我有一个驱动器,Linux 总是将其标记为只读分区。起初我以为只是操作系统的问题,所以我从 OpenMediaVault 2.0 全新安装到 OMV 3.0(Debian 7 和 8),我运行了两者,fsck -f /dev/sddbadblocks它们都给了我一个干净的状态,但它仍然是只读的。

我的保修期还剩大约一个月,但我需要提供良好的证明才能让他们接受。

我不知道如何读取 SMART 数据,但它在这里:

smartctl 6.4 2014-10-07 r4002 [x86_64-linux-4.9.0-0.bpo.2-amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-14, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Western Digital Red
Device Model:     WDC WD20EFRX-68EUZN0
Serial Number:    WD-WCC4M5LAL82H
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 20d3675a8
Firmware Version: 82.00A82
User Capacity:    2,000,398,934,016 bytes [2.00 TB]
Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate:    5400 rpm
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ACS-2 (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Mon Apr 24 12:43:14 2017 EEST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
AAM feature is:   Unavailable
APM feature is:   Unavailable
Rd look-ahead is: Enabled
Write cache is:   Disabled
ATA Security is:  Disabled, frozen [SEC2]
Wt Cache Reorder: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x80) Offline data collection activity
                    was never started.
                    Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed
                    without error or no self-test has ever
                    been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection:        (26280) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:            (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                    Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                    Suspend Offline collection upon new
                    command.
                    Offline surface scan supported.
                    Self-test supported.
                    Conveyance Self-test supported.
                    Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                    power-saving mode.
                    Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                    General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time:    (   2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:    ( 266) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:    (   5) minutes.
SCT capabilities:          (0x703d) SCT Status supported.
                    SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
                    SCT Feature Control supported.
                    SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAGS    VALUE WORST THRESH FAIL RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     POSR-K   200   200   051    -    0
  3 Spin_Up_Time            POS--K   196   168   021    -    3158
  4 Start_Stop_Count        -O--CK   100   100   000    -    469
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   PO--CK   200   200   140    -    0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         -OSR-K   200   200   000    -    0
  9 Power_On_Hours          -O--CK   090   090   000    -    7381
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        -O--CK   100   100   000    -    0
 11 Calibration_Retry_Count -O--CK   100   100   000    -    0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       -O--CK   100   100   000    -    102
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count -O--CK   200   200   000    -    18
193 Load_Cycle_Count        -O--CK   199   199   000    -    3042
194 Temperature_Celsius     -O---K   113   103   000    -    34
196 Reallocated_Event_Count -O--CK   200   200   000    -    0
197 Current_Pending_Sector  -O--CK   200   200   000    -    0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   ----CK   100   253   000    -    0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    -O--CK   200   200   000    -    0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate   ---R--   200   200   000    -    0
                            ||||||_ K auto-keep
                            |||||__ C event count
                            ||||___ R error rate
                            |||____ S speed/performance
                            ||_____ O updated online
                            |______ P prefailure warning

General Purpose Log Directory Version 1
SMART           Log Directory Version 1 [multi-sector log support]
Address    Access  R/W   Size  Description
0x00       GPL,SL  R/O      1  Log Directory
0x01           SL  R/O      1  Summary SMART error log
0x02           SL  R/O      5  Comprehensive SMART error log
0x03       GPL     R/O      6  Ext. Comprehensive SMART error log
0x06           SL  R/O      1  SMART self-test log
0x07       GPL     R/O      1  Extended self-test log
0x09           SL  R/W      1  Selective self-test log
0x10       GPL     R/O      1  SATA NCQ Queued Error log
0x11       GPL     R/O      1  SATA Phy Event Counters log
0x21       GPL     R/O      1  Write stream error log
0x22       GPL     R/O      1  Read stream error log
0x80-0x9f  GPL,SL  R/W     16  Host vendor specific log
0xa0-0xa7  GPL,SL  VS      16  Device vendor specific log
0xa8-0xb7  GPL,SL  VS       1  Device vendor specific log
0xbd       GPL,SL  VS       1  Device vendor specific log
0xc0       GPL,SL  VS       1  Device vendor specific log
0xc1       GPL     VS      93  Device vendor specific log
0xe0       GPL,SL  R/W      1  SCT Command/Status
0xe1       GPL,SL  R/W      1  SCT Data Transfer

SMART Extended Comprehensive Error Log Version: 1 (6 sectors)
Device Error Count: 2121 (device log contains only the most recent 24 errors)
    CR     = Command Register
    FEATR  = Features Register
    COUNT  = Count (was: Sector Count) Register
    LBA_48 = Upper bytes of LBA High/Mid/Low Registers ]  ATA-8
    LH     = LBA High (was: Cylinder High) Register    ]   LBA
    LM     = LBA Mid (was: Cylinder Low) Register      ] Register
    LL     = LBA Low (was: Sector Number) Register     ]
    DV     = Device (was: Device/Head) Register
    DC     = Device Control Register
    ER     = Error register
    ST     = Status register
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.

Error 2121 [8] occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 7376 hours (307 days + 8 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER -- ST COUNT  LBA_48  LH LM LL DV DC
  -- -- -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- --
  40 -- 51 00 00 00 00 00 c9 b1 00 40 00  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00c9b100 = 13218048

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FEATR COUNT  LBA_48  LH LM LL DV DC  Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- == -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- --  ---------------  --------------------
  60 00 20 00 a8 00 00 00 c9 b1 00 40 08  5d+18:07:52.428  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 08 00 a0 00 00 80 41 19 b0 40 08  5d+18:06:52.865  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 08 00 98 00 00 80 41 19 98 40 08  5d+18:06:52.865  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 08 00 90 00 00 80 41 17 20 40 08  5d+18:06:52.864  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 08 00 88 00 00 80 41 19 70 40 08  5d+18:06:52.864  READ FPDMA QUEUED

Error 2120 [7] occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 7364 hours (306 days + 20 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER -- ST COUNT  LBA_48  LH LM LL DV DC
  -- -- -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- --
  40 -- 51 00 00 00 00 bb 04 fa 08 00 00  Error: UNC at LBA = 0xbb04fa08 = 3137665544

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FEATR COUNT  LBA_48  LH LM LL DV DC  Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- == -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- --  ---------------  --------------------
  60 00 08 00 60 00 00 bb 04 fa 08 40 08  5d+06:20:06.696  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  b0 00 d5 00 01 00 00 00 c2 4f 01 00 08  5d+06:19:38.449  SMART READ LOG
  b0 00 d5 00 01 00 00 00 c2 4f 06 00 08  5d+06:19:38.429  SMART READ LOG
  61 00 08 00 38 00 00 00 00 08 00 40 08  5d+06:19:38.407  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
  b0 00 d0 00 01 00 00 00 c2 4f 00 00 08  5d+06:19:38.403  SMART READ DATA

Error 2119 [6] occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 7364 hours (306 days + 20 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER -- ST COUNT  LBA_48  LH LM LL DV DC
  -- -- -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- --
  10 -- 51 00 00 00 00 74 44 08 90 40 00  Error: IDNF at LBA = 0x74440890 = 1950615696

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FEATR COUNT  LBA_48  LH LM LL DV DC  Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- == -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- --  ---------------  --------------------
  61 00 c8 00 10 00 00 74 44 08 90 40 08  5d+06:19:10.175  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
  ef 00 10 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08  5d+06:19:10.175  SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
  27 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 08  5d+06:19:10.175  READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3]
  ec 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08  5d+06:19:10.175  IDENTIFY DEVICE
  ef 00 03 00 46 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08  5d+06:19:10.175  SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]

Error 2118 [5] occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 7364 hours (306 days + 20 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER -- ST COUNT  LBA_48  LH LM LL DV DC
  -- -- -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- --
  10 -- 51 00 00 00 00 74 44 08 90 40 00  Error: IDNF at LBA = 0x74440890 = 1950615696

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FEATR COUNT  LBA_48  LH LM LL DV DC  Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- == -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- --  ---------------  --------------------
  61 00 c8 00 e8 00 00 74 44 08 90 40 08  5d+06:19:03.155  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
  ef 00 10 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08  5d+06:19:03.155  SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
  27 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 08  5d+06:19:03.155  READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3]
  ec 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08  5d+06:19:03.154  IDENTIFY DEVICE
  ef 00 03 00 46 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08  5d+06:19:03.154  SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]

Error 2117 [4] occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 7364 hours (306 days + 20 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER -- ST COUNT  LBA_48  LH LM LL DV DC
  -- -- -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- --
  10 -- 51 00 00 00 00 74 44 08 90 40 00  Error: IDNF at LBA = 0x74440890 = 1950615696

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FEATR COUNT  LBA_48  LH LM LL DV DC  Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- == -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- --  ---------------  --------------------
  61 00 c8 00 c8 00 00 74 44 08 90 40 08  5d+06:18:56.131  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
  ef 00 10 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08  5d+06:18:56.131  SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
  27 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 08  5d+06:18:56.131  READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3]
  ec 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08  5d+06:18:56.131  IDENTIFY DEVICE
  ef 00 03 00 46 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08  5d+06:18:56.131  SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]

Error 2116 [3] occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 7364 hours (306 days + 20 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER -- ST COUNT  LBA_48  LH LM LL DV DC
  -- -- -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- --
  10 -- 51 00 00 00 00 74 44 08 90 40 00  Error: IDNF at LBA = 0x74440890 = 1950615696

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FEATR COUNT  LBA_48  LH LM LL DV DC  Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- == -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- --  ---------------  --------------------
  61 00 c8 00 a8 00 00 74 44 08 90 40 08  5d+06:18:49.121  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
  ef 00 10 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08  5d+06:18:49.120  SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
  27 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 08  5d+06:18:49.120  READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3]
  ec 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08  5d+06:18:49.120  IDENTIFY DEVICE
  ef 00 03 00 46 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08  5d+06:18:49.120  SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]

Error 2115 [2] occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 7364 hours (306 days + 20 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER -- ST COUNT  LBA_48  LH LM LL DV DC
  -- -- -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- --
  10 -- 51 00 00 00 00 74 44 08 90 40 00  Error: IDNF at LBA = 0x74440890 = 1950615696

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FEATR COUNT  LBA_48  LH LM LL DV DC  Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- == -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- --  ---------------  --------------------
  61 00 c8 00 88 00 00 74 44 08 90 40 08  5d+06:18:42.106  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
  ef 00 10 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08  5d+06:18:42.106  SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
  27 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 08  5d+06:18:42.106  READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3]
  ec 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08  5d+06:18:42.105  IDENTIFY DEVICE
  ef 00 03 00 46 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08  5d+06:18:42.105  SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]

Error 2114 [1] occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 7364 hours (306 days + 20 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER -- ST COUNT  LBA_48  LH LM LL DV DC
  -- -- -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- --
  10 -- 51 00 00 00 00 74 44 08 90 40 00  Error: IDNF at LBA = 0x74440890 = 1950615696

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FEATR COUNT  LBA_48  LH LM LL DV DC  Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- == -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- --  ---------------  --------------------
  61 00 c8 00 78 00 00 74 44 08 90 40 08  5d+06:18:35.095  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
  e5 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08  5d+06:18:35.095  CHECK POWER MODE
  ef 00 10 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08  5d+06:18:35.088  SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
  27 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 08  5d+06:18:35.088  READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3]
  ec 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08  5d+06:18:35.087  IDENTIFY DEVICE

SMART Extended Self-test Log Version: 1 (1 sectors)
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      7378         -
# 2  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      7354         -
# 3  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      7330         -
# 4  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      7306         -
# 5  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      7282         -
# 6  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      7258         -
# 7  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      7239         -
# 8  Extended offline    Interrupted (host reset)      70%      7222         -
# 9  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      1135         -
#10  Extended offline    Completed without error       00%      1061         -
#11  Extended offline    Aborted by host               70%      1052         -
#12  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      1051         -
#13  Extended offline    Interrupted (host reset)      90%         5         -

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.

SCT Status Version:                  3
SCT Version (vendor specific):       258 (0x0102)
SCT Support Level:                   1
Device State:                        Active (0)
Current Temperature:                    34 Celsius
Power Cycle Min/Max Temperature:     32/40 Celsius
Lifetime    Min/Max Temperature:      2/44 Celsius
Under/Over Temperature Limit Count:   0/0
Vendor specific:
01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

SCT Temperature History Version:     2
Temperature Sampling Period:         1 minute
Temperature Logging Interval:        1 minute
Min/Max recommended Temperature:      0/60 Celsius
Min/Max Temperature Limit:           -41/85 Celsius
Temperature History Size (Index):    478 (229)

Index    Estimated Time   Temperature Celsius
 230    2017-04-24 04:46    35  ****************
 231    2017-04-24 04:47    35  ****************
 232    2017-04-24 04:48    35  ****************
 233    2017-04-24 04:49    34  ***************
 ...    ..(152 skipped).    ..  ***************
 386    2017-04-24 07:22    34  ***************
 387    2017-04-24 07:23    35  ****************
 ...    ..( 23 skipped).    ..  ****************
 411    2017-04-24 07:47    35  ****************
 412    2017-04-24 07:48    34  ***************
 ...    ..(  5 skipped).    ..  ***************
 418    2017-04-24 07:54    34  ***************
 419    2017-04-24 07:55    35  ****************
 ...    ..(  9 skipped).    ..  ****************
 429    2017-04-24 08:05    35  ****************
 430    2017-04-24 08:06    34  ***************
 ...    ..( 98 skipped).    ..  ***************
  51    2017-04-24 09:45    34  ***************
  52    2017-04-24 09:46    35  ****************
 ...    ..(  2 skipped).    ..  ****************
  55    2017-04-24 09:49    35  ****************
  56    2017-04-24 09:50    34  ***************
 ...    ..(  6 skipped).    ..  ***************
  63    2017-04-24 09:57    34  ***************
  64    2017-04-24 09:58    35  ****************
 ...    ..( 18 skipped).    ..  ****************
  83    2017-04-24 10:17    35  ****************
  84    2017-04-24 10:18    34  ***************
 ...    ..( 11 skipped).    ..  ***************
  96    2017-04-24 10:30    34  ***************
  97    2017-04-24 10:31    35  ****************
 ...    ..( 15 skipped).    ..  ****************
 113    2017-04-24 10:47    35  ****************
 114    2017-04-24 10:48    34  ***************
 ...    ..( 50 skipped).    ..  ***************
 165    2017-04-24 11:39    34  ***************
 166    2017-04-24 11:40    35  ****************
 167    2017-04-24 11:41    34  ***************
 ...    ..( 53 skipped).    ..  ***************
 221    2017-04-24 12:35    34  ***************
 222    2017-04-24 12:36    35  ****************
 223    2017-04-24 12:37    34  ***************
 224    2017-04-24 12:38    35  ****************
 ...    ..(  4 skipped).    ..  ****************
 229    2017-04-24 12:43    35  ****************

SCT Error Recovery Control:
           Read:     70 (7.0 seconds)
          Write:     70 (7.0 seconds)

Device Statistics (GP/SMART Log 0x04) not supported

SATA Phy Event Counters (GP Log 0x11)
ID      Size     Value  Description
0x0001  2            0  Command failed due to ICRC error
0x0002  2            0  R_ERR response for data FIS
0x0003  2            0  R_ERR response for device-to-host data FIS
0x0004  2            0  R_ERR response for host-to-device data FIS
0x0005  2            0  R_ERR response for non-data FIS
0x0006  2            0  R_ERR response for device-to-host non-data FIS
0x0007  2            0  R_ERR response for host-to-device non-data FIS
0x0008  2            0  Device-to-host non-data FIS retries
0x0009  2            8  Transition from drive PhyRdy to drive PhyNRdy
0x000a  2            9  Device-to-host register FISes sent due to a COMRESET
0x000b  2            0  CRC errors within host-to-device FIS
0x000f  2            0  R_ERR response for host-to-device data FIS, CRC
0x0012  2            0  R_ERR response for host-to-device non-data FIS, CRC
0x8000  4       515583  Vendor specific

编辑:我卸载后再次运行fsck,这次出现了这个错误,虽然修复了,但几天后又变成了只读。我也在使用 ext4。

:/$ sudo fsck -f /dev/sdd1
fsck from util-linux 2.25.2
e2fsck 1.43.3 (04-Sep-2016)
WDRED3DATABASE: recovering journal
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
Free blocks count wrong (477683699, counted=477683887).
Fix<y>? yes
Free inodes count wrong (121845913, counted=121845915).
Fix<y>? yes
WDRED3DATABASE: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED *****
WDRED3DATABASE: 255845/122101760 files (0.1% non-contiguous), 10694498/488378385 blocks

答案1

我认为驱动器没有问题。我认为问题更可能出在你安装驱动器的方式上。这是来自 Ubuntu 论坛的修复安装问题的链接。

https://askubuntu.com/questions/333287/external-hard-disk-read-only

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