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无法通过我的机器上的 ssh 登录

tag-icon • tag-icon linux ssh sftp chroot
无法通过我的机器上的 ssh 登录

每当我将用户添加到“sftp”组以便使用 chroot 时，我就无法再通过 SSH 连接，并且它显示：“无法 chdir 到主目录 /home/sftp_user：没有此文件或目录“ 和 ”此服务仅允许 sftp 连接“。如果我设置所有者/home/sftp_用户到sftp_用户然后我可以登录，但 chroot 不再起作用。我该如何修复这个问题，以便能够使用 SSH 和 chroot（仅在 SFTP 上，而不是 SSH）？

# Package generated configuration file
# See the sshd_config(5) manpage for details_

# What ports, IPs and protocols we listen for
Port 22
# Use these options to restrict which interfaces/protocols sshd will bind to
#ListenAddress ::
#ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
Protocol 2
# HostKeys for protocol version 2
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
#Privilege Separation is turned on for security
UsePrivilegeSeparation yes

# Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key
KeyRegenerationInterval 3600
ServerKeyBits 1024

# Logging
SyslogFacility AUTH
LogLevel INFO

# Authentication:
LoginGraceTime 120
PermitRootLogin no
StrictModes yes

RSAAuthentication yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes
#AuthorizedKeysFile     %h/.ssh/authorized_keys

# Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files
IgnoreRhosts yes
# For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh_known_hosts
RhostsRSAAuthentication no
# similar for protocol version 2
HostbasedAuthentication no
# Uncomment if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for RhostsRSAAuthentication
#IgnoreUserKnownHosts yes

# To enable empty passwords, change to yes (NOT RECOMMENDED)
PermitEmptyPasswords no

# Change to yes to enable challenge-response passwords (beware issues with
# some PAM modules and threads)
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no

# Change to no to disable tunnelled clear text passwords
#PasswordAuthentication yes

# Kerberos options
#KerberosAuthentication no
#KerberosGetAFSToken no
#KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes
#KerberosTicketCleanup yes

# GSSAPI options
#GSSAPIAuthentication no
#GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes

X11Forwarding no
X11DisplayOffset 10
PrintMotd no
PrintLastLog yes
TCPKeepAlive yes
#UseLogin no

#MaxStartups 10:30:60
#Banner /etc/issue.net

# Allow client to pass locale environment variables
AcceptEnv LANG LC_*

Subsystem sftp internal-sftp

# Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing,
# and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will
# be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and
# PasswordAuthentication.  Depending on your PAM configuration,
# PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass
# the setting of "PermitRootLogin yes".
# If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without
# PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication
# and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'.
UsePAM yes

Match Group sftp
        ChrootDirectory %h
        ForceCommand internal-sftp
        AllowTcpForwarding no

答案1

实际上，我认为你所问的问题是不可能的。

来自 sshd_config 手册：

 ChrootDirectory
         Specifies the pathname of a directory to chroot(2) to after
         authentication.  At session startup sshd(8) checks that all
         components of the pathname are root-owned directories which are
         not writable by any other user or group.  After the chroot,
         sshd(8) changes the working directory to the user's home
         directory.

因此，要使 chroot 正常工作，目录必须由 root 拥有。这就是为什么当您更改 /home/sftp_user 的所有者时它不起作用的原因。

另一方面，当所有者正确时，chroot 可以工作，但您尝试访问 chroot 之外的路径（您的主目录）。如果您希望此操作有效，则需要在 chroot 内创建主文件夹。因此，如果您 chroot 到 /home/sftp_user，则需要创建 /home/sftp_user/home/sftp_user。

连接时，sshd 无法判断您要执行的是“ssh”还是“sftp”。因此，您需要使用其他方法来区分。也许是 sftp 特定帐户或其他东西。

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