多次运行“ping facebook.com”不会得到相同的 IP

多次运行“ping facebook.com”不会得到相同的 IP

我正在学习 Linux 中网络命令的一些基础知识。我试图 ping 到 facebook.com 的连接,因此我写道:

ping -c 1 facebook.com

结果是:

PING facebook.com (157.240.14.35) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from edge-star-mini-shv-02-mia3.facebook.com (157.240.14.35): 
icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=50.3 ms

--- facebook.com ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 50.369/50.369/50.369/0.000 ms

现在如果我再试一次:

ping -c 1 facebook.com

结果改变:

PING facebook.com (31.13.67.35) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from edge-star-mini-shv-01-mia3.facebook.com (31.13.67.35): 
icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=58.0 ms

--- facebook.com ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 58.077/58.077/58.077/0.000 ms

注意:每次执行 ping 命令时 IP 都会改变,这是为什么?服务器的 IP 地址最初是(第一次 ping)157.240.14.35,但当我执行第二次 ping 时,IP 是31.13.67.35。我尝试过使用 Google 和其他网站,每次 IP 都相同,但 Facebook 也发生过这种情况吗?这只是安全性的改进还是什么?这是因为 Facebook 将连接分散到多个服务器吗?

答案1

Facebook 有很多很多面向公众的 IP,不只有一个。每次重新启动命令时,它都会查找 facebook.com 并 ping 它获得的第一个地址。

您可以通过主机名查找来检查它是否具有多个 IP。

nslookup facebook.com

每次你都会得到不同的结果。

答案2

实际上有数百个 IP 与 Facebook.com 相关联,它们的Facebook 爬虫页面注明了查看完整 IP 列表的正确 (Linux) 命令:

whois -h whois.radb.net -- '-i origin AS32934' | grep ^route

它会定期更改,截至本文发布时的当前输出列表如下:

route:      204.15.20.0/22  
route:      69.63.176.0/20  
route:      66.220.144.0/20  
route:      66.220.144.0/21  
route:      69.63.184.0/21  
route:      69.63.176.0/21  
route:      74.119.76.0/22  
route:      69.171.255.0/24  
route:      173.252.64.0/18  
route:      69.171.224.0/19  
route:      69.171.224.0/20  
route:      103.4.96.0/22  
route:      69.63.176.0/24  
route:      173.252.64.0/19  
route:      173.252.70.0/24  
route:      31.13.64.0/18  
route:      31.13.24.0/21  
route:      66.220.152.0/21  
route:      66.220.159.0/24  
route:      69.171.239.0/24  
route:      69.171.240.0/20  
route:      31.13.64.0/19  
route:      31.13.64.0/24  
route:      31.13.65.0/24  
route:      31.13.67.0/24  
route:      31.13.68.0/24  
route:      31.13.69.0/24  
route:      31.13.70.0/24  
route:      31.13.71.0/24  
route:      31.13.72.0/24  
route:      31.13.73.0/24  
route:      31.13.74.0/24  
route:      31.13.75.0/24  
route:      31.13.76.0/24  
route:      31.13.77.0/24  
route:      31.13.96.0/19  
route:      31.13.66.0/24  
route:      173.252.96.0/19  
route:      69.63.178.0/24  
route:      31.13.78.0/24  
route:      31.13.79.0/24  
route:      31.13.80.0/24  
route:      31.13.82.0/24  
route:      31.13.83.0/24  
route:      31.13.84.0/24  
route:      31.13.85.0/24  
route:      31.13.86.0/24  
route:      31.13.87.0/24  
route:      31.13.88.0/24  
route:      31.13.89.0/24  
route:      31.13.90.0/24  
route:      31.13.91.0/24  
route:      31.13.92.0/24  
route:      31.13.93.0/24  
route:      31.13.94.0/24  
route:      31.13.95.0/24  
route:      69.171.253.0/24  
route:      69.63.186.0/24  
route:      31.13.81.0/24  
route:      179.60.192.0/22  
route:      179.60.192.0/24  
route:      179.60.193.0/24  
route:      179.60.194.0/24  
route:      179.60.195.0/24  
route:      185.60.216.0/22  
route:      45.64.40.0/22  
route:      185.60.216.0/24  
route:      185.60.217.0/24  
route:      185.60.218.0/24  
route:      185.60.219.0/24  
route:      129.134.0.0/16  
route:      157.240.0.0/16  
route:      157.240.8.0/24  
route:      157.240.0.0/24  
route:      157.240.1.0/24  
route:      157.240.2.0/24  
route:      157.240.3.0/24  
route:      157.240.4.0/24  
route:      157.240.5.0/24  
route:      157.240.6.0/24  
route:      157.240.7.0/24  
route:      157.240.9.0/24  
route:      157.240.10.0/24  
route:      157.240.16.0/24  
route:      204.15.20.0/22  
route:      69.63.176.0/20  
route:      69.63.176.0/21  
route:      69.63.184.0/21  
route:      66.220.144.0/20  
route:      69.63.176.0/20  
route6:     *deleted IPv6 list*

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