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是否有一种有效的方法将与一个文件的全部内容匹配的文本替换为另一个文件的全部内容？

tag-icon • tag-icon text-processing awk sed
是否有一种有效的方法将与一个文件的全部内容匹配的文本替换为另一个文件的全部内容？

我有三个文件

~/naive-file.txt
~/old-text.txt
~/new-text.txt

我想找到 的内容~/old-text.txt出现在的每个实例~/naive-file.txt，并将这些出现的内容替换为 的内容~/new-text.txt。我确信这可以使用sedor来实现awk，但我似乎无法找出正确的命令。这可能吗？

例如，假设内容~/naive-file.txt是

$ cat ~/naive-file.txt
Sed id ligula quis est convallis tempor.

This is the old text.

It might have multiple lines and some special characters like these \ { & % #)!
etc...


Nunc aliquet, augue nec adipiscing interdum, lacus tellus malesuada massa, quis
varius mi purus non odio.

假设内容~/old-text.txt是

$ cat ~/old-text.txt
This is the old text.

It might have multiple lines and some special characters like these \ { & % #)!
etc...

假设内容~/new-text.txt是

$ cat ~/new-text.txt
This is the new text.

It could also have multiple lines and special characters like these \ { & %
etc...

运行我想要的命令会产生

Sed id ligula quis est convallis tempor.

This is the new text.

It could also have multiple lines and special characters like these \ { & %
etc...


Nunc aliquet, augue nec adipiscing interdum, lacus tellus malesuada massa, quis
varius mi purus non odio.

答案1

Perl 来救援！

将替换对读入散列。然后逐行读取输入并尝试替换匹配项。

#!/usr/bin/perl
use warnings;
use strict;

open my $ot, '<', 'old-text.txt' or die $!;
chomp( my @lines = <$ot> );
open my $nt, '<', 'new-text.txt' or die $!;
my %replace;
@replace{@lines} = <$nt>;
chomp for values %replace;

my $regex = join '|', map quotemeta, @lines;
open my $in, 'naive-file.txt' or die $!;
while (<$in>) {
    s/($regex)/$replace{$1}/;
    print;
}

如果某些待替换字符串是其他待替换字符串的子字符串，则需要将正则表达式中的字符串按长度降序排序，即

my $regex = join '|', map quotemeta, sort { length $b <=> length $a } @lines;

答案2

重击

替换第一个匹配项：

target=$(cat naive-file.txt)
old=$(cat old-text.txt)
new=$(cat new-text.txt)
echo "${target/"$old"/"$new"}"

替换所有匹配项：

echo "${target//"$old"/"$new"}"

替换开始匹配：

echo "${target/#"$old"/"$new"}"

替换结束匹配：

echo "${target/%"$old"/"$new"}"

答案3

这是 GNU 的awk一句话：

awk 'NR==FNR{old[++k]=$0}FILENAME=="new-text.txt"{new[FNR]=$0}
     FILENAME=="naive-file.txt"{for(i=1;i<k;i++)if(old[i]==$0)$0=new[i];print}'\
     old-text.txt new-text.txt naive-file.txt

可能不适合非常大的文件，因为所有模式首先存储到数组中。

输出：

Sed id ligula quis est convallis tempor.

This is the new text.

It could also have multiple lines and special characters like these \ { & %
etc...


Nunc aliquet, augue nec adipiscing interdum, lacus tellus malesuada massa, quis
varius mi purus non odio.

答案4

$ perl -0777ne '
     $A[@ARGV] = $_;
     @ARGV and next;
     my($naive, $new, $old) = @A;
     while ( index($naive,$old,$p) > -1 ) {
        substr($naive, index($naive,$old,$p), length($old)) = $new;
        $p = index($naive,$old,length($old)) ;
      }
      print $naive;
' old.txt new.txt naive.txt

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