我用的是华硕的机器。
在使用 Debian 之前，我在同一台笔记本上安装了 Ubuntu Studio，并且声音正常。一些信息：
amir@debian:~$ lsb_release -d
Description: BunsenLabs GNU/Linux 9.8 (Helium)
amir@debian:~$ uname -r
4.9.0-9-amd64
amir@debian:~$ grep "^audio" /etc/group | grep "$USER" | wc -l
1
amir@debian:~$ lspci -nnk | grep -iA2 audio
00:0e.0 Audio device [0403]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:3198] (rev 03)
Subsystem: Acer Incorporated [ALI] Device [1025:129f]
00:0f.0 Communication controller [0780]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:319a] (rev 03)
amir@debian:~$ dpkg -l | tr -s " " | grep " alsa-"
ii alsa-firmware-loaders 1.1.3-1 amd64 ALSA software loaders for specific hardware
ii alsa-tools-gui 1.1.3-1 amd64 GUI based ALSA utilities for specific hardware
ii alsa-utils 1.1.3-1 amd64 Utilities for configuring and using ALSA
amir@debian:~$ lsmod | grep "snd"
amir@debian:~$ cat /proc/asound/cards
cat: /proc/asound/cards: No such file or directory
amir@debian:~$ head -n 3 /proc/asound/card0/codec#0
head: cannot open '/proc/asound/card0/codec#0' for reading: No such file or directory
amir@debian:~$ head -n 3 /proc/asound/card0/codec97#0/ac97#0-0+regs
head: cannot open '/proc/asound/card0/codec97#0/ac97#0-0+regs' for reading: No such file or directory
amir@debian:~$ aplay -l
aplay: device_list:270: no soundcards found...
amir@debian:~$ aplay /usr/share/sounds/alsa/Noise.wav
Playing WAVE '/usr/share/sounds/alsa/Noise.wav' : Signed 16 bit Little Endian, Rate 48000 Hz, Mono (without hearing anything!)
amir@debian:~$ cat ~/.asoundrc
cat: /home/amir/.asoundrc: No such file or directory
amir@debian:~$ cat /etc/asound.conf
cat: /etc/asound.conf: No such file or directory
amir@debian:~$ cat ~/.asoundrc.asoundconf
cat: /home/amir/.asoundrc.asoundconf: No such file or directory
amir@debian:~$ ps -C esd
PID TTY TIME CMD
amir@debian:~$ ps -C arts
PID TTY TIME CMD
amir@debian:~$ ps -C pulseaudio
PID TTY TIME CMD
1652 ? 00:00:36 pulseaudio