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如何按顺序重命名文件

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如何按顺序重命名文件

我需要对测试目录中的文件进行排序和重命名，以便根据粗体数字，文件将被重命名为 1-5，每组 5 个。我能够对它们进行排序，但现在需要将它们重命名为 1,2,3,4 ，或 5。这是我到目前为止所拥有的：

 find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -name '*.txt' | sort -nt_ -k2,2 -k7,7
./FoilHole_6862563_Data_6834945_6834947_20190608_255634_Image.txt
./FoilHole_6862563_Data_6834952_6834954_20190608_255710_Image.txt
./FoilHole_6862563_Data_6834959_6834961_20190608_255748_Image.txt
./FoilHole_6862563_Data_6834935_6834937_20190608_255827_Image.txt
./FoilHole_6862563_Data_6834967_6834969_20190608_255906_Image.txt
./FoilHole_6862568_Data_6834945_6834947_20190608_060123_Image.txt
./FoilHole_6862568_Data_6834952_6834954_20190608_060159_Image.txt
./FoilHole_6862568_Data_6834959_6834961_20190608_360237_Image.txt
./FoilHole_6862568_Data_6834935_6834937_20190608_460316_Image.txt
./FoilHole_6862568_Data_6834967_6834969_20190608_560354_Image.txt

我现在需要做的是将它们重命名为：

./FoilHole_6862563_Data_6834945_6834947_20190608_1_Image.txt
./FoilHole_6862563_Data_6834952_6834954_20190608_2_Image.txt
./FoilHole_6862563_Data_6834959_6834961_20190608_3_Image.txt
./FoilHole_6862563_Data_6834935_6834937_20190608_4_Image.txt
./FoilHole_6862563_Data_6834967_6834969_20190608_5_Image.txt
./FoilHole_6862568_Data_6834945_6834947_20190608_1_Image.txt
./FoilHole_6862568_Data_6834952_6834954_20190608_2_Image.txt
./FoilHole_6862568_Data_6834959_6834961_20190608_3_Image.txt
./FoilHole_6862568_Data_6834935_6834937_20190608_4_Image.txt
./FoilHole_6862568_Data_6834967_6834969_20190608_5_Image.txt

答案1

作为黑客bash脚本：

#!/bin/bash
while IFS= read -r file; do
  newprefix=${file%%_Data*}
  if [ "$prefix" != "$newprefix" ]; then
    cnt=1
    prefix=$newprefix
  fi
  newfile=$(echo "$file" | sed "s/[0-9]*\(_Image.txt\)/$cnt\1/")
  echo mv "$file" "$newfile"
  ((cnt++))
done < <(find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -name '*.txt' | sort -nt_ -k2,2 -k7,7)

输出：

$ ./script.sh
mv ./FoilHole_6862563_Data_6834945_6834947_20190608_255634_Image.txt ./FoilHole_6862563_Data_6834945_6834947_20190608_1_Image.txt
mv ./FoilHole_6862563_Data_6834952_6834954_20190608_255710_Image.txt ./FoilHole_6862563_Data_6834952_6834954_20190608_2_Image.txt
mv ./FoilHole_6862563_Data_6834959_6834961_20190608_255748_Image.txt ./FoilHole_6862563_Data_6834959_6834961_20190608_3_Image.txt
mv ./FoilHole_6862563_Data_6834935_6834937_20190608_255827_Image.txt ./FoilHole_6862563_Data_6834935_6834937_20190608_4_Image.txt
mv ./FoilHole_6862563_Data_6834967_6834969_20190608_255906_Image.txt ./FoilHole_6862563_Data_6834967_6834969_20190608_5_Image.txt
mv ./FoilHole_6862568_Data_6834945_6834947_20190608_060123_Image.txt ./FoilHole_6862568_Data_6834945_6834947_20190608_1_Image.txt
mv ./FoilHole_6862568_Data_6834952_6834954_20190608_060159_Image.txt ./FoilHole_6862568_Data_6834952_6834954_20190608_2_Image.txt
mv ./FoilHole_6862568_Data_6834959_6834961_20190608_360237_Image.txt ./FoilHole_6862568_Data_6834959_6834961_20190608_3_Image.txt
mv ./FoilHole_6862568_Data_6834935_6834937_20190608_460316_Image.txt ./FoilHole_6862568_Data_6834935_6834937_20190608_4_Image.txt
mv ./FoilHole_6862568_Data_6834967_6834969_20190608_560354_Image.txt ./FoilHole_6862568_Data_6834967_6834969_20190608_5_Image.txt

每当文件名前缀发生变化时，计数器变量cnt就会重置为，例如当更改为时。要真正重命名文件，您必须从脚本中删除 。1./FoilHole_6862563./FoilHole_6862568echo

答案2

您可以将bash算术与rename命令结合起来：

i=0
find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -name '*.txt' |
sort -nt_ -k2,2 -k7,7 |
while read filename ; do
    rename -v "s/[0-9]+_Image/$((i%5+1))_I/" ${filename}
    i=$((i+1))
done

-n使用命令选项进行尝试rename，它只显示正在执行的操作。

警告:

文件名来自管道输入，变量filename是使用read此处的内置函数设置的。这将要如果您的文件名与您在问题中指定的格式不匹配，例如带有空格、换行符等的文件名，则会中断。因此请注意，您需要使用不同的方法，例如 的find选项-print0与xargs -0.

在这种情况下，使用计数器的帮助程序文件并将?其用作变量替换：

echo -1 > file_counter
find -name '*txt' -print0 |
sort -znt_ -k2,2 -k7,7 |
xargs -I ? -0 bash -c '
     i=$(($(cat file_counter)+1))
     rename -n -v "s/[0-9]+_Image/$(($i%5+1))/"  ?
     echo $i > file_counter
'

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