Solaris 如何排除 gz 中的文件

Question 1

Solaristar命令具有X排除文件/目录的开关。请参阅手册页man tar了解用法。

从手册页：

X

Exclude.  Use the exclude-file argument as a file containing a list
of relative path names for files (or directories)  to  be  excluded
from the tarfile when using the functions c, x, or t. Be careful of
trailing white spaces. Also beware of leading white spaces,  since,
for each line in the excluded file, the entire line (apart from the
newline) is used to match against the initial string  of  files  to
exclude. Lines in the exclude file are matched exactly, so an entry
like "/var" does not exclude the /var directory if tar  is  backing
up  relative  pathnames.  The entry should read "./var" under these
circumstances. The tar command does not expand shell metacharacters
in the exclude file, so specifying entries like "*.o" does not have
the effect of excluding all files with names suffixed with ".o". If
a  complex list of files is to be excluded, the exclude file should
be generated by some means such as the find(1) command with  appro-
priate conditions.

Multiple  X  arguments can be used, with one exclude-file per argu-
ment. In the case where included files (see -I  include-file  oper-
and)  are  also  specified, the excluded files take precedence over
all included files. If a file is specified in both the exclude-file
and the include-file (or on the command line), it is excluded.

请注意第一段的最后一句：

如果要排除复杂的文件列表，则应通过某种方式（例如具有适当条件的 find(1) 命令）生成排除文件。

在最新的 Solaris 版本上，还有 GNU tar，可以与gtar中的相应手册页一起使用man gtar。该版本的特点是--exclude=PATTERN

例子

使用示例tar：

/tmp$ find api/
api/
api/a.gz
api/temp
api/temp/b
api/b

/tmp$ cat api/exclude_from_tar 
api/a.gz
api/temp

/tmp$ tar cvfX api.tar api/exclude_from_tar api
a api/ 0K
a api/a.gz excluded
a api/temp excluded
a api/exclude_from_tar 1K
a api/b 0K

/tmp$ tar tf api.tar 
api/
api/exclude_from_tar
api/b

使用示例gtar：

/tmp$ gtar cvf api.tar --exclude="*.gz" --exclude=temp api
api/
api/exclude_from_tar
api/b

/tmp$ tar tf api.tar 
api/
api/exclude_from_tar
api/b

Answer