在 Ubuntu 18.04 中使用 netplan 通过 KVM 安装 pfSense

在 Ubuntu 18.04 中使用 netplan 通过 KVM 安装 pfSense

我正在尝试为我的家庭网络设置虚拟化防火墙。架构如下:Internet -> 虚拟化 pfSense -> lan。有很多关于如何使用旧网络配置器执行此操作的示例,但没有使用 Ubuntu 18.04 的网络管理器 netplan 的示例。

我在主机上有两张网卡,并且新安装了ubuntu 18.04服务器版。

以下是 /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml 文件的内容

username@scarif:~$ cat /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml
network:
    version: 2
    renderer: networkd
    ethernets:
        eno1:
            dhcp4: no
            dhcp6: no
        enp5s0:
            dhcp4: no
            dhcp6: no

    bridges:
        br_wan:
            interfaces: [enp5s0]
            dhcp4: no
            dhcp6: no
            addresses: [10.0.0.1/24]
        br_lan:
            interfaces: [eno1]
            dhcp4: no
            dhcp6: no
            addresses: [192.168.1.29/24]
            gateway4: 192.168.1.1
            nameservers:
              addresses: [192.168.1.1,8.8.8.8]

请注意,我认为我需要为 LAN 桥分配一个静态 IP,并且我希望虚拟化的 pfSense 从 ISP 请求 DHCP 地址,因此我为 WAN 桥分配了一个一次性 IP,并且故意没有为 WAN 桥分配网关或名称服务器。(如果这是错误的,很高兴在此 netplan 配置上得到纠正)

我认为我需要创建第二个虚拟网桥,所以我也这样做了。我同时显示了默认网桥(又称 LAN)和我创建的名为 wan_bridge 的网桥

username@scarif:~$ sudo virsh net-dumpxml default
<network>
  <name>default</name>
  <uuid>5e5d35c8-c46a-43ed-9fc4-13dcb3853b34</uuid>
  <forward mode='nat'>
    <nat>
      <port start='1024' end='65535'/>
    </nat>
  </forward>
  <bridge name='virbr0' stp='on' delay='0'/>
  <mac address='52:54:00:dc:57:8f'/>
  <ip address='192.168.122.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
    <dhcp>
      <range start='192.168.122.2' end='192.168.122.254'/>
    </dhcp>
  </ip>
</network>

username@scarif:~$ sudo virsh net-dumpxml wan_bridge
<network>
  <name>wan_bridge</name>
  <uuid>37a0163b-ae70-445d-a25f-c62cbe7d5b51</uuid>
  <forward mode='nat'>
    <nat>
      <port start='1024' end='65535'/>
    </nat>
  </forward>
  <bridge name='virbr1' stp='on' delay='0'/>
  <mac address='52:54:00:dc:57:8d'/>
  <ip address='192.168.133.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
  </ip>
</network>

两者都在 virsh net-list 中显示正常

username@scarif:~$ sudo virsh net-list
 Name                 State      Autostart     Persistent
----------------------------------------------------------
 default              active     yes           yes
 wan_bridge           active     yes           yes

我也在 brctl 中看到了这两个

username@scarif:~$ sudo brctl show
bridge name     bridge id               STP enabled     interfaces
br_lan          8000.aefa52b9a49b       no              eno1
br_wan          8000.22c9e0f24ba3       no              enp5s0
virbr0          8000.525400dc578f       yes             virbr0-nic
virbr1          8000.525400dc578d       yes             virbr1-nic

完成上述操作后,运行 ifconfig 会导致:

username@scarif:~$ ifconfig
br_lan: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.1.29  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255
        inet6 fe80::acfa:52ff:feb9:a49b  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether ae:fa:52:b9:a4:9b  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 20623  bytes 3453527 (3.4 MB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 36  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 4756  bytes 5192472 (5.1 MB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

br_wan: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.0.0.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.0.0.255
        inet6 fe80::20c9:e0ff:fef2:4ba3  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 22:c9:e0:f2:4b:a3  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 13  bytes 650 (650.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 26  bytes 1996 (1.9 KB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

eno1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        ether 98:90:96:be:eb:02  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 22673  bytes 4163339 (4.1 MB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 9632  bytes 5540146 (5.5 MB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
        device interrupt 20  memory 0xf7d00000-f7d20000

enp5s0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        ether 68:1c:a2:12:f8:e9  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 849  bytes 128644 (128.6 KB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 26  bytes 1996 (1.9 KB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 347  bytes 26756 (26.7 KB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 347  bytes 26756 (26.7 KB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.122.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.122.255
        ether 52:54:00:dc:57:8f  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

virbr1: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.133.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.133.255
        ether 52:54:00:dc:57:8d  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

但是当我使用此命令字符串安装 pfSense 时:

sudo virt-install \
--name pfsense \
--memory 2048
--graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 \
--disk /var/lib/libvirt/images/pfsense.qcow2,size=8,format=qcow2 \
--autostart \
--os-type linux\
--cdrom /home/dooguls/pfSense-CE-2.4.4-RELEASE-amd64.iso \
--debug

安装顺利,但 pfSense 只看到一个接口,即默认网络提供的接口,即我的 LAN 接口/网桥。

答案1

在输入完所有问题后,我意识到问题在于虚拟机未配置为“查看”另一个接口。因此,为了解决这个问题,我做了以下操作:

sudo virsh dumpxml pfsense > 20181201-pfsense.txt

这当然给出了我的虚拟机的完整 xml 定义。然后我复制了现有的接口条目:

<interface type='bridge'>
    <mac address='52:54:00:3a:37:7d'/>
    <source bridge='br_lan'/>
    <model type='rtl8139'/>
    <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
</interface>

并通过运行以下命令将其复制以创建新界面:sudo virsh edit pfsense

并添加以下几行:(请注意,我将 mac 地址更改了一位,并将虚拟网卡分配给插槽 0x06)

<interface type='bridge'>
    <mac address='52:54:00:3a:37:7e'/>
    <source bridge='br_wan'/>
    <target dev='vnet1'/>
    <model type='rtl8139'/>
    <alias name='net1'/>
    <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>
</interface>

然后我要做的就是启动 pfSense VM 并将我的接口分配给 WAN 和 LAN。WAN 从 ISP 获取 DHCP,我在 LAN 接口上设置静态 IP。

因此,我认为虚拟机管理程序/主机上的三个关键步骤是:

  1. 在 netplan 中设置两个网桥,每个 NIC 卡一个,并将 IP 地址分配给网桥,而不是物理 NIC 卡。
  2. 使用 virsh net-define 而不是 virsh net-create 创建一个新虚拟网络。(前者使其持久)
  3. 将第二个接口添加到虚拟机的 XML 定义中,并将该接口指向 WAN 桥。

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