Debian 10 (Buster) with Cinnamon：无硬件渲染

Question

我已经安装了 Debian Buster 和 Cinnamon 作为桌面环境。登录后，Cinnamon 在桌面上显示一条警告，表示它在软件渲染模式下运行，仅建议用于故障排除目的。日志.xsession-errors也有同样的说法（见下文）。我猜想 Cinnamon 在 Wayland 的领导下运行。

该系统没有专用显卡。这英特尔 I7 9700K CPU而是使用处理器图形。

必须做什么才能让 Cinnamon 通过硬件加速运行？

系统

CPU:       Intel I7 9700K (Coffee Lake)
Mainboard: MSI Z390 A-Pro (latest BIOS)
SSD:       Samsung SSD 970 Evo Plus at the board's M.2 connector
OS:        Debian 10 (Buster)

核心

# uname -a
Linux 4.19.0-5-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 4.19.37-5+deb10u2 (2019-08-08) x86_64 GNU/Linux

图形驱动程序/库

i965-va-driver/stable,now 2.3.0+dfsg1-1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
intel-media-va-driver/stable,now 18.4.1+dfsg1-1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
libva-drm2/stable,now 2.4.0-1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
libva-x11-2/stable,now 2.4.0-1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
libva2/stable,now 2.4.0-1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
mesa-va-drivers/stable,now 18.3.6-2 amd64 [installed,automatic]
va-driver-all/stable,now 2.4.0-1 amd64 [installed,automatic]

摘自 .xsession-errors

Cinnamon warning: Software rendering detected: llvmpipe (LLVM 7.0, 256 bits)
Cjs-Message: 06:07:12.080: JS LOG: About to start Cinnamon
Cjs-Message: 06:07:12.080: JS LOG: ACTIVATING SOFTWARE RENDERING
Cjs-Message: 06:07:12.080: JS LOG: [LookingGlass/error] Cinnamon Software Rendering mode enabled
** Message: 06:07:12.092: nemo-desktop: session is not cinnamon (checked XDG_SESSION_DESKTOP,DESKTOP_SESSION environment variables.) Applying default behavior
Cjs-Message: 06:07:12.125: JS LOG: [LookingGlass/info] Cinnamon.AppSystem.get_default() started in 44 ms
Cjs-Message: 06:07:12.128: JS LOG: [LookingGlass/info] loading default theme
Cinnamon warning: Log level 128: posix_spawn avoided (fd close requested)
Cjs-Message: 06:07:12.187: JS LOG: [LookingGlass/info] PlacesManager: Updating devices
St-Message: 06:07:12.188: cogl npot texture sizes SUPPORTED
Cjs-Message: 06:07:12.193: JS LOG: [LookingGlass/info] loaded at Thu Aug 29 2019 06:07:12 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Cjs-Message: 06:07:12.193: JS LOG: Cinnamon started at Thu Aug 29 2019 06:07:12 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Cjs-Message: 06:07:12.210: JS LOG: [LookingGlass/info] ExtensionSystem started in 2 ms
Cjs-Message: 06:07:12.210: JS LOG: [LookingGlass/info] DeskletManager started in 0 ms
Cjs-Message: 06:07:12.210: JS LOG: [LookingGlass/info] SearchProviderManager started in 0 ms
openGL version 3.3 detected (GL3 Cogl Driver)
MetaSyncRing disabled: couldn't find required GL extensions, or the minimum safe openGL version was not met
Cjs-Message: 06:07:12.255: JS LOG: [LookingGlass/info] Loaded applet [email protected] in 16 ms
Cjs-Message: 06:07:12.259: JS LOG: [LookingGlass/info] Loaded applet [email protected] in 4 ms
Cjs-Message: 06:07:12.278: JS LOG: [LookingGlass/info] Loaded applet [email protected] in 16 ms
Cjs-Message: 06:07:12.282: JS LOG: [LookingGlass/info] Role locked: notifications
Cjs-Message: 06:07:12.291: JS LOG: [LookingGlass/info] Loaded applet [email protected] in 12 ms
Cjs-Message: 06:07:12.304: JS LOG: [LookingGlass/info] Loaded applet [email protected] in 14 ms
Cjs-Message: 06:07:12.321: JS LOG: [LookingGlass/info] Loaded applet [email protected] in 16 ms
Cjs-Message: 06:07:12.339: JS LOG: [LookingGlass/info] Role locked: panellauncher
Cjs-Message: 06:07:12.341: JS LOG: [LookingGlass/info] Loaded applet [email protected] in 20 ms
Cjs-Message: 06:07:12.352: JS LOG: [LookingGlass/info] Loaded applet [email protected] in 12 ms
Cjs-Message: 06:07:12.360: JS LOG: [LookingGlass/info] Loaded applet [email protected] in 8 ms
Cjs-Message: 06:07:12.407: JS LOG: [LookingGlass/info] Loaded applet [email protected] in 46 ms
Cjs-Message: 06:07:12.437: JS LOG: [LookingGlass/info] Loaded applet [email protected] in 30 ms
Cjs-Message: 06:07:12.682: JS LOG: [LookingGlass/info] Loaded applet [email protected] in 246 ms
Cjs-Message: 06:07:12.683: JS LOG: [LookingGlass/info] AppletManager started in 490 ms
Cjs-Message: 06:07:12.683: JS LOG: [LookingGlass/info] AppletManager started in 490 ms
Cjs-Message: 06:07:12.717: JS LOG: [LookingGlass/info] Cinnamon took 636 ms to start

lsmod 的输出

Module                  Size  Used by
snd_hda_codec_hdmi     57344  0
snd_hda_codec_realtek   122880  1
snd_hda_codec_generic    86016  1 snd_hda_codec_realtek
fuse                  122880  3
intel_rapl             24576  0
x86_pkg_temp_thermal    16384  0
i915                 1728512  0
intel_powerclamp       16384  0
coretemp               16384  0
kvm_intel             245760  0
drm_kms_helper        200704  1 i915
kvm                   724992  1 kvm_intel
drm                   483328  2 drm_kms_helper,i915
i2c_algo_bit           16384  1 i915
irqbypass              16384  1 kvm
snd_hda_intel          45056  2
snd_hda_codec         151552  4 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec_realtek
crct10dif_pclmul       16384  0
crc32_pclmul           16384  0
snd_hda_core           94208  5 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_codec_realtek
ghash_clmulni_intel    16384  0
snd_hwdep              16384  1 snd_hda_codec
intel_cstate           16384  0
snd_pcm               114688  4 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_core
snd_timer              36864  1 snd_pcm
intel_uncore          135168  0
snd                    94208  12 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hwdep,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_timer,snd_pcm
mei_me                 45056  0
iTCO_wdt               16384  0
sg                     36864  0
wmi_bmof               16384  0
intel_rapl_perf        16384  0
mei                   118784  1 mei_me
soundcore              16384  1 snd
pcspkr                 16384  0
iTCO_vendor_support    16384  1 iTCO_wdt
intel_pch_thermal      16384  0
acpi_pad               24576  0
evdev                  28672  9
acpi_tad               16384  0
pcc_cpufreq            16384  0
parport_pc             32768  1
ppdev                  20480  0
lp                     20480  0
parport                57344  3 parport_pc,lp,ppdev
ip_tables              28672  0
x_tables               45056  1 ip_tables
autofs4                49152  2
ext4                  733184  3
crc16                  16384  1 ext4
mbcache                16384  1 ext4
jbd2                  122880  1 ext4
crc32c_generic         16384  0
fscrypto               32768  1 ext4
ecb                    16384  0
hid_generic            16384  0
usbhid                 57344  0
hid                   135168  2 usbhid,hid_generic
sd_mod                 61440  4
crc32c_intel           24576  5
mxm_wmi                16384  0
xhci_pci               16384  0
nvme                   36864  1
e1000e                282624  0
ahci                   40960  3
xhci_hcd              266240  1 xhci_pci
libahci                40960  1 ahci
libata                270336  2 libahci,ahci
aesni_intel           200704  0
usbcore               290816  3 xhci_hcd,usbhid,xhci_pci
scsi_mod              245760  3 sd_mod,libata,sg
aes_x86_64             20480  1 aesni_intel
crypto_simd            16384  1 aesni_intel
cryptd                 28672  3 crypto_simd,ghash_clmulni_intel,aesni_intel
nvme_core              81920  3 nvme
glue_helper            16384  1 aesni_intel
i2c_i801               28672  0
usb_common             16384  1 usbcore
thermal                20480  0
fan                    16384  0
wmi                    28672  2 wmi_bmof,mxm_wmi
video                  45056  1 i915
button                 16384  0

_{参考号：https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/processors/core/i7-processors/i7-9700k.html}

Answer 1

在尝试了另一块主板后，我终于解决了这个问题。

似乎唯一需要的更改是将 Debian Buster (4.19.x) 的默认 Linux 内核更新为 Debian Buster 向后移植的最新内核 (5.3.x)。

更新后，软件渲染警告消息消失，无需采取进一步操作。