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Nginx“无法启动高性能 Web 服务器和反向代理服务器。”

tag-icon • tag-icon linux proxy ssl certificate nginx
Nginx“无法启动高性能 Web 服务器和反向代理服务器。”

我的 SSL 证书最近过期了。为了续订证书，我使用了 certbot，但现在证书将由我的托管自动续订。但在此之前，我应该在服务器上将 http 重定向到 https。你能帮我吗？

systemctl 状态 nginx.service：

nginx.service - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: en
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Sun 2019-08-18 07:42:13 CEST; 2 days
     Docs: man:nginx(8)
  Process: 11855 ExecStop=/sbin/start-stop-daemon --quiet --stop --retry QUIT/5
  Process: 11590 ExecReload=/usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on; -s
  Process: 27222 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on; (cod
  Process: 27214 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -q -g daemon on; master_process
 Main PID: 11583 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Aug 18 07:42:11 vps685363 nginx[27222]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:443 fai
Aug 18 07:42:11 vps685363 nginx[27222]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 fail
Aug 18 07:42:12 vps685363 nginx[27222]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:443 fai
Aug 18 07:42:12 vps685363 nginx[27222]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 fail
Aug 18 07:42:12 vps685363 nginx[27222]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:443 fai
Aug 18 07:42:12 vps685363 nginx[27222]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 fail
Aug 18 07:42:13 vps685363 nginx[27222]: nginx: [emerg] still could not bind()
Aug 18 07:42:13 vps685363 systemd[1]: nginx.service: Control process exited, cod
Aug 18 07:42:13 vps685363 systemd[1]: nginx.service: Failed with result 'exit-co
Aug 18 07:42:13 vps685363 systemd[1]: Failed to start A high performance web ser

nginx.conf：

user www-data;
worker_processes auto;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/*.conf;

events {
    worker_connections 768;
    # multi_accept on;
}

http {
    ##
    # Basic Settings
    ##

    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush on;
    tcp_nodelay on;
    keepalive_timeout 65;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;
    # server_tokens off;

    # server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
    # server_name_in_redirect off;

    include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;

    ##
    # SSL Settings
    ##

    ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; # Dropping SSLv3, ref: POODLE
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

    ##
    # Logging Settings
    ##

    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;

    ##
    # Gzip Settings
    ##

    gzip on;

     gzip_vary on;
     gzip_proxied any;
     gzip_comp_level 6;
     gzip_buffers 16 8k;
     gzip_http_version 1.1;
     gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;

    ##
    # Virtual Host Configs
    ##

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}


#mail {
#   # See sample authentication script at:
#   # http://wiki.nginx.org/ImapAuthenticateWithApachePhpScript
# 
#   # auth_http localhost/auth.php;
#   # pop3_capabilities "TOP" "USER";
#   # imap_capabilities "IMAP4rev1" "UIDPLUS";
# 
#   server {
#       listen     localhost:110;
#       protocol   pop3;
#       proxy      on;
#   }
# 
#   server {
#       listen     localhost:143;
#       protocol   imap;
#       proxy      on;
#   }
#}

默认：

server {
    server_name domukasi.pl www.domukasi.pl;
        location / {


                proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3000;
                proxy_http_version 1.1;
                proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
                proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
        }



    listen 443 ssl; # managed by Certbot
    ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/domukasi.pl/fullchain.pem; # managed by Certbot
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/domukasi.pl/privkey.pem; # managed by Certbot
    include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-nginx.conf; # managed by Certbot
    ssl_dhparam /etc/letsencrypt/ssl-dhparams.pem; # managed by Certbot


}server {
    if ($host = www.domukasi.pl) {
        return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
    } # managed by Certbot


    if ($host = domukasi.pl) {
        return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
    } # managed by Certbot


    server_name domukasi.pl www.domukasi.pl;
    listen 80;
    return 404; # managed by Certbot




}

我的网站（domukasi.pl）上发生了此错误：

ERR_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS

我也无法重新启动我的 nginx 服务器。

答案1

这很奇怪，由于您的服务器没有启动ERR_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS，您在浏览器中收到错误。nginx

看起来其他服务器已经在监听端口 80 和 443，这导致了这些重定向以及启动nginx失败。

在你收到的错误日志中

Aug 18 07:42:12 vps685363 nginx[27222]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:443 fai
Aug 18 07:42:12 vps685363 nginx[27222]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 fail

这表明nginx无法绑定到这些端口，表明这些端口要么已被另一个进程使用，要么nginx没有足够的权限绑定到这些端口（因为它们低于 1024）。我认为您已经在这台机器上运行了另一台服务器，并且正在使用这些端口。

您可以通过以下方式检查这些端口是否已被使用

sudo lsof -i :80和

sudo lsof -i :443

或者

sudo netstat -ltnp | grep -w ':80'和

sudo netstat -ltnp | grep -w ':443'

尝试这个默认文件

##############################################
#
#   HTTP (port 80) domukasi.pl
#
##############################################

server {

    server_name domukasi.pl www.domukasi.pl;
    listen 80;

    # redirect EVERYTHING from HTTP to HTTPS
    location / {
      return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
    }
}

##############################################
#
#   HTTPS (port 443) domukasi.pl
#
##############################################

server {

    server_name domukasi.pl www.domukasi.pl;
    listen 443 ssl; # managed by Certbot

    ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/domukasi.pl/fullchain.pem; # managed by Certbot
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/domukasi.pl/privkey.pem; # managed by Certbot

    include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-nginx.conf; # managed by Certbot
    ssl_dhparam /etc/letsencrypt/ssl-dhparams.pem; # managed by Certbot

    #######################################
    # location /websocket {
    #   # proxy_http_version 1.1;
    #   proxy_read_timeout 31536000;
    #   proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
    #   proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
    #   proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3000/websocket;
    # }
    #######################################

    location / {
      proxy_http_version 1.1;
      proxy_set_header  Host $host;
      proxy_set_header  Name $server_name;
      proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-Host $host;
      proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-Name $server_name;
      proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-IP   $remote_addr;
      proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-Port $server_port;
      proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-Remote-IP   $remote_addr;
      proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-Remote-Port $remote_port;
      proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-Server-IP   $server_addr;
      proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-Server-Port $server_port;
      proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-For   $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
      proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
      proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3000/;
    }
}

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