我有一个带有多个虚拟机(客户机)的 KVM 服务器(主机)。
我的目标是将主机的 222 端口转发到运行 ssh 服务的客户机的 22 端口。
这作品...
iptables -I OUTPUT -d 0.0.0.0/0 -j ACCEPT
iptables -I FORWARD -d 0.0.0.0/0 -j ACCEPT
iptables -I INPUT -d 0.0.0.0/0 -j ACCEPT
iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -d 0.0.0.0/0 -p tcp --dport 222 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.1.0.9:22
这不起作用...
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --direct --add-rule ipv4 filter OUTPUT 0 -d 0.0.0.0/0 -j ACCEPT
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --direct --add-rule ipv4 filter FORWARD 0 -d 0.0.0.0/0 -j ACCEPT
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --direct --add-rule ipv4 filter INPUT 0 -d 0.0.0.0/0 -j ACCEPT
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --direct --add-rule ipv4 nat PREROUTING 0 -d 0.0.0.0/0 -p tcp --dport 222 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.1.0.9:22
firewall-cmd --reload
这不要工作...
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-forward-port=port=222:proto=tcp:toport=22:toaddr=10.1.0.9
firewall-cmd --reload
问题:为什么设置的规则firewall-cmd
不起作用?
注一:这firewall-cmd
是 CentOS 7 的默认防火墙服务。在我看来,这是一个没有解决方案的问题!我搜索了很多论坛,但都无济于事!我开始相信这是一个限制或错误firewall-cmd
......
注二:我知道这ssh
本身提供了实现这一点的手段,但我真的希望这个过程对用户来说是“透明的”,以便直接访问访客。
[参考文献: https://serverfault.com/q/915257/276753, https://serverfault.com/q/980223/276753, https://sebastianblade.com/how-to-modify-ssh-port-in-centos7/, https://www.rootusers.com/how-to-use-firewalld-rich-rules-and-zones-for-filtering-and-nat/, https://www.centos.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=50&t=71454]
症状:
命令...
ssh root@[HOST_IP] -p 222
...返回以下错误...
ssh:连接到主机 172.16.13.8 端口 222:连接被拒绝
更新一:
@mwfearnley iptables-save 输出...
iptables-保存-作品...
[root@localhost ~]# iptables-save
# Generated by iptables-save v1.4.21 on Thu Aug 22 11:59:17 2019
*nat
:PREROUTING ACCEPT [1:70]
:INPUT ACCEPT [1:70]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [2:146]
:POSTROUTING ACCEPT [3:206]
:OUTPUT_direct - [0:0]
:POSTROUTING_ZONES - [0:0]
:POSTROUTING_ZONES_SOURCE - [0:0]
:POSTROUTING_direct - [0:0]
:POST_public - [0:0]
:POST_public_allow - [0:0]
:POST_public_deny - [0:0]
:POST_public_log - [0:0]
:PREROUTING_ZONES - [0:0]
:PREROUTING_ZONES_SOURCE - [0:0]
:PREROUTING_direct - [0:0]
:PRE_public - [0:0]
:PRE_public_allow - [0:0]
:PRE_public_deny - [0:0]
:PRE_public_log - [0:0]
-A PREROUTING -p tcp -m tcp --dport 222 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.1.0.9:22
-A PREROUTING -j PREROUTING_direct
-A PREROUTING -j PREROUTING_ZONES_SOURCE
-A PREROUTING -j PREROUTING_ZONES
-A OUTPUT -j OUTPUT_direct
-A POSTROUTING -s 10.1.0.0/24 -d 224.0.0.0/24 -j RETURN
-A POSTROUTING -s 10.1.0.0/24 -d 255.255.255.255/32 -j RETURN
-A POSTROUTING -s 10.1.0.0/24 ! -d 10.1.0.0/24 -p tcp -j MASQUERADE --to-ports 1024-65535
-A POSTROUTING -s 10.1.0.0/24 ! -d 10.1.0.0/24 -p udp -j MASQUERADE --to-ports 1024-65535
-A POSTROUTING -s 10.1.0.0/24 ! -d 10.1.0.0/24 -j MASQUERADE
-A POSTROUTING -j POSTROUTING_direct
-A POSTROUTING -j POSTROUTING_ZONES_SOURCE
-A POSTROUTING -j POSTROUTING_ZONES
-A POSTROUTING_ZONES -o ens33 -g POST_public
-A POSTROUTING_ZONES -o br0 -g POST_public
-A POSTROUTING_ZONES -g POST_public
-A POST_public -j POST_public_log
-A POST_public -j POST_public_deny
-A POST_public -j POST_public_allow
-A PREROUTING_ZONES -i ens33 -g PRE_public
-A PREROUTING_ZONES -i br0 -g PRE_public
-A PREROUTING_ZONES -g PRE_public
-A PRE_public -j PRE_public_log
-A PRE_public -j PRE_public_deny
-A PRE_public -j PRE_public_allow
COMMIT
# Completed on Thu Aug 22 11:59:17 2019
# Generated by iptables-save v1.4.21 on Thu Aug 22 11:59:17 2019
*mangle
:PREROUTING ACCEPT [672:77587]
:INPUT ACCEPT [610:68993]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [58:7886]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [655:151604]
:POSTROUTING ACCEPT [713:159490]
:FORWARD_direct - [0:0]
:INPUT_direct - [0:0]
:OUTPUT_direct - [0:0]
:POSTROUTING_direct - [0:0]
:PREROUTING_ZONES - [0:0]
:PREROUTING_ZONES_SOURCE - [0:0]
:PREROUTING_direct - [0:0]
:PRE_public - [0:0]
:PRE_public_allow - [0:0]
:PRE_public_deny - [0:0]
:PRE_public_log - [0:0]
-A PREROUTING -j PREROUTING_direct
-A PREROUTING -j PREROUTING_ZONES_SOURCE
-A PREROUTING -j PREROUTING_ZONES
-A INPUT -j INPUT_direct
-A FORWARD -j FORWARD_direct
-A OUTPUT -j OUTPUT_direct
-A POSTROUTING -j POSTROUTING_direct
-A PREROUTING_ZONES -i ens33 -g PRE_public
-A PREROUTING_ZONES -i br0 -g PRE_public
-A PREROUTING_ZONES -g PRE_public
-A PRE_public -j PRE_public_log
-A PRE_public -j PRE_public_deny
-A PRE_public -j PRE_public_allow
COMMIT
# Completed on Thu Aug 22 11:59:17 2019
# Generated by iptables-save v1.4.21 on Thu Aug 22 11:59:17 2019
*security
:INPUT ACCEPT [609:68793]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [58:7886]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [660:152010]
:FORWARD_direct - [0:0]
:INPUT_direct - [0:0]
:OUTPUT_direct - [0:0]
-A INPUT -j INPUT_direct
-A FORWARD -j FORWARD_direct
-A OUTPUT -j OUTPUT_direct
COMMIT
# Completed on Thu Aug 22 11:59:17 2019
# Generated by iptables-save v1.4.21 on Thu Aug 22 11:59:17 2019
*raw
:PREROUTING ACCEPT [672:77587]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [655:151604]
:OUTPUT_direct - [0:0]
:PREROUTING_ZONES - [0:0]
:PREROUTING_ZONES_SOURCE - [0:0]
:PREROUTING_direct - [0:0]
:PRE_public - [0:0]
:PRE_public_allow - [0:0]
:PRE_public_deny - [0:0]
:PRE_public_log - [0:0]
-A PREROUTING -j PREROUTING_direct
-A PREROUTING -j PREROUTING_ZONES_SOURCE
-A PREROUTING -j PREROUTING_ZONES
-A OUTPUT -j OUTPUT_direct
-A PREROUTING_ZONES -i ens33 -g PRE_public
-A PREROUTING_ZONES -i br0 -g PRE_public
-A PREROUTING_ZONES -g PRE_public
-A PRE_public -j PRE_public_log
-A PRE_public -j PRE_public_deny
-A PRE_public -j PRE_public_allow
COMMIT
# Completed on Thu Aug 22 11:59:17 2019
# Generated by iptables-save v1.4.21 on Thu Aug 22 11:59:17 2019
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD_IN_ZONES - [0:0]
:FORWARD_IN_ZONES_SOURCE - [0:0]
:FORWARD_OUT_ZONES - [0:0]
:FORWARD_OUT_ZONES_SOURCE - [0:0]
:FORWARD_direct - [0:0]
:FWDI_public - [0:0]
:FWDI_public_allow - [0:0]
:FWDI_public_deny - [0:0]
:FWDI_public_log - [0:0]
:FWDO_public - [0:0]
:FWDO_public_allow - [0:0]
:FWDO_public_deny - [0:0]
:FWDO_public_log - [0:0]
:INPUT_ZONES - [0:0]
:INPUT_ZONES_SOURCE - [0:0]
:INPUT_direct - [0:0]
:IN_public - [0:0]
:IN_public_allow - [0:0]
:IN_public_deny - [0:0]
:IN_public_log - [0:0]
:OUTPUT_direct - [0:0]
-A INPUT -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i virbr0 -p udp -m udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i virbr0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i virbr0 -p udp -m udp --dport 67 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i virbr0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 67 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -j INPUT_direct
-A INPUT -j INPUT_ZONES_SOURCE
-A INPUT -j INPUT_ZONES
-A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP
-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
-A FORWARD -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -d 10.1.0.0/24 -o virbr0 -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -s 10.1.0.0/24 -i virbr0 -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -i virbr0 -o virbr0 -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -o virbr0 -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
-A FORWARD -i virbr0 -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
-A FORWARD -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -j FORWARD_direct
-A FORWARD -j FORWARD_IN_ZONES_SOURCE
-A FORWARD -j FORWARD_IN_ZONES
-A FORWARD -j FORWARD_OUT_ZONES_SOURCE
-A FORWARD -j FORWARD_OUT_ZONES
-A FORWARD -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP
-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
-A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -o virbr0 -p udp -m udp --dport 68 -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -j OUTPUT_direct
-A FORWARD_IN_ZONES -i ens33 -g FWDI_public
-A FORWARD_IN_ZONES -i br0 -g FWDI_public
-A FORWARD_IN_ZONES -g FWDI_public
-A FORWARD_OUT_ZONES -o ens33 -g FWDO_public
-A FORWARD_OUT_ZONES -o br0 -g FWDO_public
-A FORWARD_OUT_ZONES -g FWDO_public
-A FWDI_public -j FWDI_public_log
-A FWDI_public -j FWDI_public_deny
-A FWDI_public -j FWDI_public_allow
-A FWDI_public -p icmp -j ACCEPT
-A FWDO_public -j FWDO_public_log
-A FWDO_public -j FWDO_public_deny
-A FWDO_public -j FWDO_public_allow
-A INPUT_ZONES -i ens33 -g IN_public
-A INPUT_ZONES -i br0 -g IN_public
-A INPUT_ZONES -g IN_public
-A IN_public -j IN_public_log
-A IN_public -j IN_public_deny
-A IN_public -j IN_public_allow
-A IN_public -p icmp -j ACCEPT
-A IN_public_allow -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j ACCEPT
COMMIT
# Completed on Thu Aug 22 11:59:17 2019
iptables-保存-不要工作...
[root@localhost ~]# iptables-save
# Generated by iptables-save v1.4.21 on Thu Aug 22 11:59:16 2019
*nat
:PREROUTING ACCEPT [1:72]
:INPUT ACCEPT [1:72]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [5:371]
:POSTROUTING ACCEPT [5:371]
:OUTPUT_direct - [0:0]
:POSTROUTING_ZONES - [0:0]
:POSTROUTING_ZONES_SOURCE - [0:0]
:POSTROUTING_direct - [0:0]
:POST_public - [0:0]
:POST_public_allow - [0:0]
:POST_public_deny - [0:0]
:POST_public_log - [0:0]
:PREROUTING_ZONES - [0:0]
:PREROUTING_ZONES_SOURCE - [0:0]
:PREROUTING_direct - [0:0]
:PRE_public - [0:0]
:PRE_public_allow - [0:0]
:PRE_public_deny - [0:0]
:PRE_public_log - [0:0]
-A PREROUTING -j PREROUTING_direct
-A PREROUTING -j PREROUTING_ZONES_SOURCE
-A PREROUTING -j PREROUTING_ZONES
-A OUTPUT -j OUTPUT_direct
-A POSTROUTING -s 10.1.0.0/24 -d 224.0.0.0/24 -j RETURN
-A POSTROUTING -s 10.1.0.0/24 -d 255.255.255.255/32 -j RETURN
-A POSTROUTING -s 10.1.0.0/24 ! -d 10.1.0.0/24 -p tcp -j MASQUERADE --to-ports 1024-65535
-A POSTROUTING -s 10.1.0.0/24 ! -d 10.1.0.0/24 -p udp -j MASQUERADE --to-ports 1024-65535
-A POSTROUTING -s 10.1.0.0/24 ! -d 10.1.0.0/24 -j MASQUERADE
-A POSTROUTING -j POSTROUTING_direct
-A POSTROUTING -j POSTROUTING_ZONES_SOURCE
-A POSTROUTING -j POSTROUTING_ZONES
-A POSTROUTING_ZONES -o ens33 -g POST_public
-A POSTROUTING_ZONES -o br0 -g POST_public
-A POSTROUTING_ZONES -g POST_public
-A POST_public -j POST_public_log
-A POST_public -j POST_public_deny
-A POST_public -j POST_public_allow
-A PREROUTING_ZONES -i ens33 -g PRE_public
-A PREROUTING_ZONES -i br0 -g PRE_public
-A PREROUTING_ZONES -g PRE_public
-A PREROUTING_direct -p tcp -m tcp --dport 222 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.1.0.9:22
-A PRE_public -j PRE_public_log
-A PRE_public -j PRE_public_deny
-A PRE_public -j PRE_public_allow
COMMIT
# Completed on Thu Aug 22 11:59:16 2019
# Generated by iptables-save v1.4.21 on Thu Aug 22 11:59:16 2019
*mangle
:PREROUTING ACCEPT [12:1319]
:INPUT ACCEPT [11:1259]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [1:60]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [12:1070]
:POSTROUTING ACCEPT [12:1070]
:FORWARD_direct - [0:0]
:INPUT_direct - [0:0]
:OUTPUT_direct - [0:0]
:POSTROUTING_direct - [0:0]
:PREROUTING_ZONES - [0:0]
:PREROUTING_ZONES_SOURCE - [0:0]
:PREROUTING_direct - [0:0]
:PRE_public - [0:0]
:PRE_public_allow - [0:0]
:PRE_public_deny - [0:0]
:PRE_public_log - [0:0]
-A PREROUTING -j PREROUTING_direct
-A PREROUTING -j PREROUTING_ZONES_SOURCE
-A PREROUTING -j PREROUTING_ZONES
-A INPUT -j INPUT_direct
-A FORWARD -j FORWARD_direct
-A OUTPUT -j OUTPUT_direct
-A POSTROUTING -j POSTROUTING_direct
-A PREROUTING_ZONES -i ens33 -g PRE_public
-A PREROUTING_ZONES -i br0 -g PRE_public
-A PREROUTING_ZONES -g PRE_public
-A PRE_public -j PRE_public_log
-A PRE_public -j PRE_public_deny
-A PRE_public -j PRE_public_allow
COMMIT
# Completed on Thu Aug 22 11:59:16 2019
# Generated by iptables-save v1.4.21 on Thu Aug 22 11:59:16 2019
*security
:INPUT ACCEPT [11:1259]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [12:1070]
:FORWARD_direct - [0:0]
:INPUT_direct - [0:0]
:OUTPUT_direct - [0:0]
-A INPUT -j INPUT_direct
-A FORWARD -j FORWARD_direct
-A OUTPUT -j OUTPUT_direct
COMMIT
# Completed on Thu Aug 22 11:59:16 2019
# Generated by iptables-save v1.4.21 on Thu Aug 22 11:59:16 2019
*raw
:PREROUTING ACCEPT [12:1319]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [12:1070]
:OUTPUT_direct - [0:0]
:PREROUTING_ZONES - [0:0]
:PREROUTING_ZONES_SOURCE - [0:0]
:PREROUTING_direct - [0:0]
:PRE_public - [0:0]
:PRE_public_allow - [0:0]
:PRE_public_deny - [0:0]
:PRE_public_log - [0:0]
-A PREROUTING -j PREROUTING_direct
-A PREROUTING -j PREROUTING_ZONES_SOURCE
-A PREROUTING -j PREROUTING_ZONES
-A OUTPUT -j OUTPUT_direct
-A PREROUTING_ZONES -i ens33 -g PRE_public
-A PREROUTING_ZONES -i br0 -g PRE_public
-A PREROUTING_ZONES -g PRE_public
-A PRE_public -j PRE_public_log
-A PRE_public -j PRE_public_deny
-A PRE_public -j PRE_public_allow
COMMIT
# Completed on Thu Aug 22 11:59:16 2019
# Generated by iptables-save v1.4.21 on Thu Aug 22 11:59:16 2019
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD_IN_ZONES - [0:0]
:FORWARD_IN_ZONES_SOURCE - [0:0]
:FORWARD_OUT_ZONES - [0:0]
:FORWARD_OUT_ZONES_SOURCE - [0:0]
:FORWARD_direct - [0:0]
:FWDI_public - [0:0]
:FWDI_public_allow - [0:0]
:FWDI_public_deny - [0:0]
:FWDI_public_log - [0:0]
:FWDO_public - [0:0]
:FWDO_public_allow - [0:0]
:FWDO_public_deny - [0:0]
:FWDO_public_log - [0:0]
:INPUT_ZONES - [0:0]
:INPUT_ZONES_SOURCE - [0:0]
:INPUT_direct - [0:0]
:IN_public - [0:0]
:IN_public_allow - [0:0]
:IN_public_deny - [0:0]
:IN_public_log - [0:0]
:OUTPUT_direct - [0:0]
-A INPUT -i virbr0 -p udp -m udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i virbr0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i virbr0 -p udp -m udp --dport 67 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i virbr0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 67 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -j INPUT_direct
-A INPUT -j INPUT_ZONES_SOURCE
-A INPUT -j INPUT_ZONES
-A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP
-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
-A FORWARD -d 10.1.0.0/24 -o virbr0 -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -s 10.1.0.0/24 -i virbr0 -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -i virbr0 -o virbr0 -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -o virbr0 -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
-A FORWARD -i virbr0 -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
-A FORWARD -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -j FORWARD_direct
-A FORWARD -j FORWARD_IN_ZONES_SOURCE
-A FORWARD -j FORWARD_IN_ZONES
-A FORWARD -j FORWARD_OUT_ZONES_SOURCE
-A FORWARD -j FORWARD_OUT_ZONES
-A FORWARD -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP
-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
-A OUTPUT -o virbr0 -p udp -m udp --dport 68 -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -j OUTPUT_direct
-A FORWARD_IN_ZONES -i ens33 -g FWDI_public
-A FORWARD_IN_ZONES -i br0 -g FWDI_public
-A FORWARD_IN_ZONES -g FWDI_public
-A FORWARD_OUT_ZONES -o ens33 -g FWDO_public
-A FORWARD_OUT_ZONES -o br0 -g FWDO_public
-A FORWARD_OUT_ZONES -g FWDO_public
-A FORWARD_direct -j ACCEPT
-A FWDI_public -j FWDI_public_log
-A FWDI_public -j FWDI_public_deny
-A FWDI_public -j FWDI_public_allow
-A FWDI_public -p icmp -j ACCEPT
-A FWDO_public -j FWDO_public_log
-A FWDO_public -j FWDO_public_deny
-A FWDO_public -j FWDO_public_allow
-A INPUT_ZONES -i ens33 -g IN_public
-A INPUT_ZONES -i br0 -g IN_public
-A INPUT_ZONES -g IN_public
-A INPUT_direct -j ACCEPT
-A IN_public -j IN_public_log
-A IN_public -j IN_public_deny
-A IN_public -j IN_public_allow
-A IN_public -p icmp -j ACCEPT
-A IN_public_allow -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT_direct -j ACCEPT
COMMIT
# Completed on Thu Aug 22 11:59:16 2019
iptables-保存-不要太努力...
[root@localhost ~]# iptables-save
# Generated by iptables-save v1.4.21 on Thu Aug 22 11:59:36 2019
*nat
:PREROUTING ACCEPT [5:371]
:INPUT ACCEPT [1:67]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [2:134]
:POSTROUTING ACCEPT [2:134]
:OUTPUT_direct - [0:0]
:POSTROUTING_ZONES - [0:0]
:POSTROUTING_ZONES_SOURCE - [0:0]
:POSTROUTING_direct - [0:0]
:POST_public - [0:0]
:POST_public_allow - [0:0]
:POST_public_deny - [0:0]
:POST_public_log - [0:0]
:PREROUTING_ZONES - [0:0]
:PREROUTING_ZONES_SOURCE - [0:0]
:PREROUTING_direct - [0:0]
:PRE_public - [0:0]
:PRE_public_allow - [0:0]
:PRE_public_deny - [0:0]
:PRE_public_log - [0:0]
-A PREROUTING -j PREROUTING_direct
-A PREROUTING -j PREROUTING_ZONES_SOURCE
-A PREROUTING -j PREROUTING_ZONES
-A OUTPUT -j OUTPUT_direct
-A POSTROUTING -s 10.1.0.0/24 -d 224.0.0.0/24 -j RETURN
-A POSTROUTING -s 10.1.0.0/24 -d 255.255.255.255/32 -j RETURN
-A POSTROUTING -s 10.1.0.0/24 ! -d 10.1.0.0/24 -p tcp -j MASQUERADE --to-ports 1024-65535
-A POSTROUTING -s 10.1.0.0/24 ! -d 10.1.0.0/24 -p udp -j MASQUERADE --to-ports 1024-65535
-A POSTROUTING -s 10.1.0.0/24 ! -d 10.1.0.0/24 -j MASQUERADE
-A POSTROUTING -j POSTROUTING_direct
-A POSTROUTING -j POSTROUTING_ZONES_SOURCE
-A POSTROUTING -j POSTROUTING_ZONES
-A POSTROUTING_ZONES -o ens33 -g POST_public
-A POSTROUTING_ZONES -o br0 -g POST_public
-A POSTROUTING_ZONES -g POST_public
-A POST_public -j POST_public_log
-A POST_public -j POST_public_deny
-A POST_public -j POST_public_allow
-A PREROUTING_ZONES -i ens33 -g PRE_public
-A PREROUTING_ZONES -i br0 -g PRE_public
-A PREROUTING_ZONES -g PRE_public
-A PRE_public -j PRE_public_log
-A PRE_public -j PRE_public_deny
-A PRE_public -j PRE_public_allow
-A PRE_public_allow -p tcp -m mark --mark 0x64 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.1.0.9:22
COMMIT
# Completed on Thu Aug 22 11:59:36 2019
# Generated by iptables-save v1.4.21 on Thu Aug 22 11:59:36 2019
*mangle
:PREROUTING ACCEPT [17:1649]
:INPUT ACCEPT [12:1285]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [5:364]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [10:3037]
:POSTROUTING ACCEPT [14:3341]
:FORWARD_direct - [0:0]
:INPUT_direct - [0:0]
:OUTPUT_direct - [0:0]
:POSTROUTING_direct - [0:0]
:PREROUTING_ZONES - [0:0]
:PREROUTING_ZONES_SOURCE - [0:0]
:PREROUTING_direct - [0:0]
:PRE_public - [0:0]
:PRE_public_allow - [0:0]
:PRE_public_deny - [0:0]
:PRE_public_log - [0:0]
-A PREROUTING -j PREROUTING_direct
-A PREROUTING -j PREROUTING_ZONES_SOURCE
-A PREROUTING -j PREROUTING_ZONES
-A INPUT -j INPUT_direct
-A FORWARD -j FORWARD_direct
-A OUTPUT -j OUTPUT_direct
-A POSTROUTING -j POSTROUTING_direct
-A PREROUTING_ZONES -i ens33 -g PRE_public
-A PREROUTING_ZONES -i br0 -g PRE_public
-A PREROUTING_ZONES -g PRE_public
-A PRE_public -j PRE_public_log
-A PRE_public -j PRE_public_deny
-A PRE_public -j PRE_public_allow
-A PRE_public_allow -p tcp -m tcp --dport 222 -j MARK --set-xmark 0x64/0xffffffff
COMMIT
# Completed on Thu Aug 22 11:59:36 2019
# Generated by iptables-save v1.4.21 on Thu Aug 22 11:59:36 2019
*security
:INPUT ACCEPT [12:1285]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [4:304]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [10:3037]
:FORWARD_direct - [0:0]
:INPUT_direct - [0:0]
:OUTPUT_direct - [0:0]
-A INPUT -j INPUT_direct
-A FORWARD -j FORWARD_direct
-A OUTPUT -j OUTPUT_direct
COMMIT
# Completed on Thu Aug 22 11:59:36 2019
# Generated by iptables-save v1.4.21 on Thu Aug 22 11:59:36 2019
*raw
:PREROUTING ACCEPT [17:1649]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [10:3037]
:OUTPUT_direct - [0:0]
:PREROUTING_ZONES - [0:0]
:PREROUTING_ZONES_SOURCE - [0:0]
:PREROUTING_direct - [0:0]
:PRE_public - [0:0]
:PRE_public_allow - [0:0]
:PRE_public_deny - [0:0]
:PRE_public_log - [0:0]
-A PREROUTING -j PREROUTING_direct
-A PREROUTING -j PREROUTING_ZONES_SOURCE
-A PREROUTING -j PREROUTING_ZONES
-A OUTPUT -j OUTPUT_direct
-A PREROUTING_ZONES -i ens33 -g PRE_public
-A PREROUTING_ZONES -i br0 -g PRE_public
-A PREROUTING_ZONES -g PRE_public
-A PRE_public -j PRE_public_log
-A PRE_public -j PRE_public_deny
-A PRE_public -j PRE_public_allow
COMMIT
# Completed on Thu Aug 22 11:59:36 2019
# Generated by iptables-save v1.4.21 on Thu Aug 22 11:59:36 2019
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [8:2813]
:FORWARD_IN_ZONES - [0:0]
:FORWARD_IN_ZONES_SOURCE - [0:0]
:FORWARD_OUT_ZONES - [0:0]
:FORWARD_OUT_ZONES_SOURCE - [0:0]
:FORWARD_direct - [0:0]
:FWDI_public - [0:0]
:FWDI_public_allow - [0:0]
:FWDI_public_deny - [0:0]
:FWDI_public_log - [0:0]
:FWDO_public - [0:0]
:FWDO_public_allow - [0:0]
:FWDO_public_deny - [0:0]
:FWDO_public_log - [0:0]
:INPUT_ZONES - [0:0]
:INPUT_ZONES_SOURCE - [0:0]
:INPUT_direct - [0:0]
:IN_public - [0:0]
:IN_public_allow - [0:0]
:IN_public_deny - [0:0]
:IN_public_log - [0:0]
:OUTPUT_direct - [0:0]
-A INPUT -i virbr0 -p udp -m udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i virbr0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i virbr0 -p udp -m udp --dport 67 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i virbr0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 67 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -j INPUT_direct
-A INPUT -j INPUT_ZONES_SOURCE
-A INPUT -j INPUT_ZONES
-A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP
-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
-A FORWARD -d 10.1.0.0/24 -o virbr0 -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -s 10.1.0.0/24 -i virbr0 -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -i virbr0 -o virbr0 -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -o virbr0 -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
-A FORWARD -i virbr0 -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
-A FORWARD -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -j FORWARD_direct
-A FORWARD -j FORWARD_IN_ZONES_SOURCE
-A FORWARD -j FORWARD_IN_ZONES
-A FORWARD -j FORWARD_OUT_ZONES_SOURCE
-A FORWARD -j FORWARD_OUT_ZONES
-A FORWARD -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP
-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
-A OUTPUT -o virbr0 -p udp -m udp --dport 68 -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -j OUTPUT_direct
-A FORWARD_IN_ZONES -i ens33 -g FWDI_public
-A FORWARD_IN_ZONES -i br0 -g FWDI_public
-A FORWARD_IN_ZONES -g FWDI_public
-A FORWARD_OUT_ZONES -o ens33 -g FWDO_public
-A FORWARD_OUT_ZONES -o br0 -g FWDO_public
-A FORWARD_OUT_ZONES -g FWDO_public
-A FWDI_public -j FWDI_public_log
-A FWDI_public -j FWDI_public_deny
-A FWDI_public -j FWDI_public_allow
-A FWDI_public -p icmp -j ACCEPT
-A FWDI_public_allow -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -m mark --mark 0x64 -j ACCEPT
-A FWDO_public -j FWDO_public_log
-A FWDO_public -j FWDO_public_deny
-A FWDO_public -j FWDO_public_allow
-A INPUT_ZONES -i ens33 -g IN_public
-A INPUT_ZONES -i br0 -g IN_public
-A INPUT_ZONES -g IN_public
-A IN_public -j IN_public_log
-A IN_public -j IN_public_deny
-A IN_public -j IN_public_allow
-A IN_public -p icmp -j ACCEPT
-A IN_public_allow -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j ACCEPT
COMMIT
# Completed on Thu Aug 22 11:59:36 2019
更新二:
FORWARD 中“有效”的第一个规则是 ACCEPT。这允许转发每个数据包。其他规则有接受 DNAT 数据包的规则,但位于链的后面。所以……如果我们找出原因,我们也许能够解决这个问题作品...
iptables -I FORWARD -d 0.0.0.0/0 -j ACCEPT
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-forward-port=port=222:proto=tcp:toport=22:toaddr=10.1.0.9
firewall-cmd --reload
...为什么不是...
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --direct --add-rule ipv4 filter FORWARD 0 -d 0.0.0.0/0 -j ACCEPT
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-forward-port=port=222:proto=tcp:toport=22:toaddr=10.1.0.9
firewall-cmd --reload
答案1
真正的问题:
命令...
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --direct --add-rule ipv4 filter FORWARD 0 -d 0.0.0.0/0 -j ACCEPT
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-forward-port=port=222:proto=tcp:toport=22:toaddr=10.1.0.9
firewall-cmd --reload
... 在“更新 II”中描述的工作方式与firewalld(由CentOS 7使用)一样好。
问题出在 KVM (libvirt) 中,当启动“网络”virbr0 时,它会注入规则(可能通过防火墙),从而阻止(第一个匹配原则)使用常规方式进行端口转发的任何尝试firewall-cmd
。KVM 注入的(libvirt)规则位于 FORWARD 和 POSTROUTING 的顶部,在常规防火墙规则集之前。由于 netfilter 按照第一个匹配原则运行,因此这些规则。
解决方案:
由于 KVM(libvirt)注入防火墙的规则所产生的问题,解决方案是使用一种名为 libvirt-hook-qemu 的 hack/workaround,如下所述...
下载并安装 libvirt-hook-qemu...
yum -y install git-core
cd /usr/local/src
git clone https://github.com/saschpe/libvirt-hook-qemu.git
cd libvirt-hook-qemu
make install
cd ..
rm -rf libvirt-hook-qemu
列出您的虚拟机(客户机)...
virsh list --all
...并复制目标虚拟机的名称。
关闭虚拟机...
virsh shutdown "<VM_NAME>" --mode acpi
打开文件“hooks.json”,删除其内容...
vi /etc/libvirt/hooks/hooks.json
...并在下方模板中输入您的规则(也可以采用其他设置方式)...
{
"<VM_NAME>": {
"interface": "virbr0",
"private_ip": "<VM_IP>",
"port_map": {
"tcp": [[<PORT_ON_HOST>, <PORT_ON_GUEST>]]
}
}
}
重新启动 libvirtd...
systemctl restart libvirtd.service
...并启动虚拟机...
virsh start "<VM_NAME>"
完成!=D
更远:
这种 KVM(libvirt)行为 - 注入阻止任何端口转发尝试的规则 - 是强制的、侵入性的和不必要的...首先,因为由于主机上没有端口转发,所以在默认网络(virbr0)上无法访问任何虚拟机;其次,因为它迫使我们使用黑客/变通方法(或我们在巴西称之为“gato”/“gambiarra”=D)。
我们认为,强迫用户决定是否应该构建基础设施是没有意义的……这毫无意义!坦率地说,我们认为最好是这些设置是可选的(注入规则……),就像其他领先的虚拟机管理程序一样。我们更进一步……如果是 KVM(libvirt)控制这种事情,那么它还应该提供将端口映射到虚拟机的方法。
KVM(libvirt)是一个伟大的工具,但出于各种原因,并非所有用户都愿意将他们的机器直接放在主机的网络上,就像并非所有用户都愿意放弃默认网络(virbr0)提供的所有灵活性/可访问性。
谢谢!
[参考文献.:https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=846810, https://libvirt.org/firewall.html, https://libvirt.org/formatnetwork.html#examplesRoute, https://saschpe.wordpress.com/2014/03/06/dynamic-iptables-port-forwarding-for-nat-ed-libvirt-networks/, https://serverfault.com/q/170079/276753, https://serverfault.com/q/915257/276753, https://wiki.libvirt.org/page/VirtualNetworking#Routed_mode, https://www.centos.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=50&t=71454&sid=7f5190a29eebbf755235ec3dc404a47f, https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/kvm-forward-ports-to-guests-vm-with-ufw-on-linux/]
更新:
注入规则,阻止任何端口转发尝试
-> 当前 KVM(libvirt)上游已经解决了该问题!
看到这个:...目前 KVM(libvirt)上游已经解决了该问题...