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搬到新家后，我的 LAMP 网络服务器无法工作

tag-icon • tag-icon router apache-http-server raspbian ddns
搬到新家后，我的 LAMP 网络服务器无法工作

我在运行于 Raspberry Pi3 的 Apache2 实例上自行托管了两个网站（有关版本和配置的更多信息见下文）：Website1 是我从头开始编码的静态网站，而 website2 在 Wordpress 上运行。

我以前住在公寓里，ISP 提供静态公共 IP，但最近我搬到了新家，ISP 不提供该选项。我一直试图重新配置一切，但无法让一切恢复正常。

配置

我有一台运行最新版本 Raspbian 的 Raspberry Pi 3

$ cat /etc/os-release
PRETTY_NAME="Raspbian GNU/Linux 9 (stretch)"
NAME="Raspbian GNU/Linux"
VERSION_ID="9"
VERSION="9 (stretch)"
VERSION_CODENAME=stretch
ID=raspbian
ID_LIKE=debian
HOME_URL="http://www.raspbian.org/"
SUPPORT_URL="http://www.raspbian.org/RaspbianForums"
BUG_REPORT_URL="http://www.raspbian.org/RaspbianBugs"

在我的路由器（型号Alcatel-Lucent G240W-B：）上，我打开了http 端口 XX和ssh 的端口 YY（我没有使用标准端口来提高安全性）

Application Name | WAN Connection | WAN Port | LAN Port | Internal Client | Protocol | Status
Customer settings | {my_wan_connection} |   XX~XX | XX~XX | 192.168.1.100 | TCPorUDP | ACTIVE
Customer settings | {my_wan_connection} | YY~YY | YY~YY | 192.168.1.100 | TCPorUDP | ACTIVE

我正在运行 apache2

$ apache2 -v
Server version: Apache/2.4.25 (Raspbian)
Server built:   2019-08-19T19:25:31

启用两个网站

$ sudo apache2ctl -S
VirtualHost configuration:
*:XX                 is a NameVirtualHost
         default server mydomain.ddns.net (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/website1.com.conf:1)
         port XX namevhost mydomain.ddns.net (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/website1.com.conf:1)
                 alias website1.com
                 alias www.website1.com
         port XX namevhost mydomain.ddns.net (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/website2.com.conf:1)
                 alias www.wesbiste2.com
                 alias wesbiste2.com
ServerRoot: "/etc/apache2"
Main DocumentRoot: "/var/www/html"
Main ErrorLog: "/var/log/apache2/error.log"
Mutex watchdog-callback: using_defaults
Mutex rewrite-map: using_defaults
Mutex default: dir="/var/run/apache2/" mechanism=default 
Mutex mpm-accept: using_defaults
PidFile: "/var/run/apache2/apache2.pid"
Define: DUMP_VHOSTS
Define: DUMP_RUN_CFG
Define: MODSEC_2.5
Define: MODSEC_2.9
User: name="www-data" id=33
Group: name="www-data" id=33

这是我的ports.conf

$ sudo cat ports.conf 
# If you just change the port or add more ports here, you will likely also
# have to change the VirtualHost statement in
# /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default.conf

Listen 0.0.0.0:XX

<IfModule ssl_module>
    Listen 443
</IfModule>

<IfModule mod_gnutls.c>
    Listen 443
</IfModule>

# vim: syntax=apache ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 sr noet

这/etc/apache2/sites-enables/website1.conf


<VirtualHost *:XX>
        # The ServerName directive sets the request scheme, hostname and port that
        # the server uses to identify itself. This is used when creating
        # redirection URLs. In the context of virtual hosts, the ServerName
        # specifies what hostname must appear in the request's Host: header to
        # match this virtual host. For the default virtual host (this file) this
        # value is not decisive as it is used as a last resort host regardless.
        # However, you must set it for any further virtual host explicitly.
        #ServerName www.example.com

        ServerAdmin [email protected]
        ServerName mydomain.ddns.net
        ServerAlias website1.com
        ServerAlias www.website1.com
        DocumentRoot /var/www/website1/public_html

        # Available loglevels: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn,
        # error, crit, alert, emerg.
        # It is also possible to configure the loglevel for particular
        # modules, e.g.
        #LogLevel info ssl:warn

        ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
        CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

        # For most configuration files from conf-available/, which are
        # enabled or disabled at a global level, it is possible to
        # include a line for only one particular virtual host. For example the
        # following line enables the CGI configuration for this host only
        # after it has been globally disabled with "a2disconf".
        #Include conf-available/serve-cgi-bin.conf
</VirtualHost>

# vim: syntax=apache ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 sr noet

还有/etc/apache2/sites-enables/website2.conf

<VirtualHost *:XX>
        # The ServerName directive sets the request scheme, hostname and port that
        # the server uses to identify itself. This is used when creating
        # redirection URLs. In the context of virtual hosts, the ServerName
        # specifies what hostname must appear in the request's Host: header to
        # match this virtual host. For the default virtual host (this file) this
        # value is not decisive as it is used as a last resort host regardless.
        # However, you must set it for any further virtual host explicitly.
        #ServerName www.example.com

        ServerAdmin [email protected]
        ServerName mydomain.ddns.net
        ServerAlias www.website2.com
        ServerAlias website2.com
        DocumentRoot /var/www/website2/public_html

        # Available loglevels: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn,
        # error, crit, alert, emerg.
        # It is also possible to configure the loglevel for particular
        # modules, e.g.
        #LogLevel info ssl:warn

        ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
        CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

        # For most configuration files from conf-available/, which are
        # enabled or disabled at a global level, it is possible to
        # include a line for only one particular virtual host. For example the
        # following line enables the CGI configuration for this host only
        # after it has been globally disabled with "a2disconf".
        #Include conf-available/serve-cgi-bin.conf
</VirtualHost>

# vim: syntax=apache ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 sr noet

我已经使用 NoIP 设置了动态 DNS（mydomain.ddns.net），它通过我的路由器进行更新

什么有效，什么无效

  • SSH 运行正常，我既可以在家庭网络内，也可以从外部连接到我的树莓派 - 当我使用端口检查工具检查门 YY 是否打开时，我得到了肯定的回应

  • HTTP 更成问题：尽管门被关闭了（至少根据端口检查器），我可以从

    • 内部 IP 地址：192.168.1.100:XX
    • 公网 IP 地址：{my-public-ip}:XX
    • 动态 DNS 主机名 mydomain.ddns.net

但是，由于这样我只能访问网站 1，而不能访问网站 2，因此我尝试禁用网站 1 ( sudo a2dissite website1.com.conf) 并重新启动 apache ( sudo systemctl restart apache2)

$ sudo apache2ctl -S
VirtualHost configuration:
*:XX                 mydomain.ddns.net (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/website2.com.conf:1)
ServerRoot: "/etc/apache2"
Main DocumentRoot: "/var/www/html"
Main ErrorLog: "/var/log/apache2/error.log"
Mutex watchdog-callback: using_defaults
Mutex rewrite-map: using_defaults
Mutex default: dir="/var/run/apache2/" mechanism=default 
Mutex mpm-accept: using_defaults
PidFile: "/var/run/apache2/apache2.pid"
Define: DUMP_VHOSTS
Define: DUMP_RUN_CFG
Define: MODSEC_2.5
Define: MODSEC_2.9
User: name="www-data" id=33
Group: name="www-data" id=33

但是，我仍然无法从内部或公共 IP 或 DDNS 主机名访问 website2。

更改 Wordpress URL

我认为这可能与 Wordpress 有关，事实上我发现本文并按照说明[直接在数据库中更改 URL][2]。事实上，“home”和“url”值等于我以前的公共静态 IP，所以我将其更改为我的 DDNS（myhostname.ddns.net）。然而，该网站仍然无法访问

仅供参考，我的首要任务是能够访问网站2并查看其内容，无论是通过内部还是外部 IP，还是 DDNS 主机名。

答案1

所以我想我明白了……也许……问题可能在于你测试的方式。在你用来测试的电脑上（不是 RPi），编辑你的主机文件，将 www.website1.com 和 www.website2.com 都指向你的 RPi 的内部 IP 地址（当你在同一个网络上时）。

hosts文件说明： https://www.howtogeek.com/howto/27350/beginner-geek-how-to-edit-your-hosts-file/

然后将浏览器指向 www.website1.com，然后指向 www.website2.com。

如果有效，请更改您的主机文件以将这些网站指向您的外部 IP 地址。

解释：Web 浏览器和 Web 服务器之间的握手部分包括您请求的站点。这允许在同一 Web 服务器上托管多个站点。由于您的 Apache 配置将别名声明为 www.website1.com 和 www.website2.com，但您请求的是您的 IP 地址对应的网站。Apache 响应 www.website1.com，因为该站点被设置为您的默认站点。

答案2

最后是路由器配置：传入端口（WAN 端口）应设置为 80，内部端口（LAN 端口）应设置为路由器正在监听的任何端口。

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