Ubuntu 服务器 Samba 共享驱动器未出现在网络上？

Question

我正在 ubuntu 服务器上按照本教程进行操作（并尝试从通过 ssh 连接到网络的 Kubuntu 19.04 笔记本电脑访问它）： https://www.linuxbabe.com/ubuntu/ins...r-ubuntu-16-04

并且似乎无法让 Samba 共享出现在 Dolphin 中。

服务器和我的电脑都没有启用 ufw（已通过 ufw status 确认）。使用以下命令重新启动服务器的服务systemctl restart smbd

以下是我的 smb.conf 文件的相关部分（来自 testparm）：

root@scilab_comp_0:~# testparm 
Load smb config files from /etc/samba/smb.conf
rlimit_max: increasing rlimit_max (1024) to minimum Windows limit (16384)
WARNING: The "syslog" option is deprecated
Processing section "[Anonymous]"
Processing section "[printers]"
Processing section "[print$]"
Loaded services file OK.
Server role: ROLE_STANDALONE

Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions

# Global parameters
[global]
     dns proxy = No
     log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
     map to guest = Bad User
     max log size = 1000
     netbios name = SCILAB_0
     obey pam restrictions = Yes
     pam password change = Yes
     panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d
     passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .
     passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
     security = USER
     server role = standalone server
     server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)
     syslog = 0
     unix password sync = Yes
     usershare allow guests = Yes
     workgroup = SCILAB
     idmap config * : backend = tdb
     guest ok = Yes
     hosts allow = 192.168.1.
     hosts deny = ALL

[Anonymous]
     comment = Scilab File Server
     create mask = 0755
     path = /Data/Shared
     read only = No

root@scilab_comp_0:~# ls -l /Data/Shared/
total 0
drwsrwsr-x+ 1 root sambashare   0 Dec 15 04:46 Alexander
drwsrwsr-x+ 1 root sambashare   0 Dec 15 04:46 Mama
drwsrwsr-x+ 1 root sambashare 140 Dec 14 04:35 MediaServer

完整文件：

#
# Sample configuration file for the Samba suite for Debian GNU/Linux.
#
#
# This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the
# smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed
# here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options most of which 
# are not shown in this example
#
# Some options that are often worth tuning have been included as
# commented-out examples in this file.
#  - When such options are commented with ";", the proposed setting
#    differs from the default Samba behaviour
#  - When commented with "#", the proposed setting is the default
#    behaviour of Samba but the option is considered important
#    enough to be mentioned here
#
# NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command
# "testparm" to check that you have not made any basic syntactic 
# errors. 

#======================= Global Settings =======================

[global]
security=user
hosts allow = 192.168.1.
hosts deny = ALL
netbios name = SCILAB_0
guest ok = yes
## Browsing/Identification ###

# Change this to the workgroup/NT-domain name your Samba server will part of
workgroup = SCILAB

# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field
 server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)

# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:
# WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable its WINS Server
#   wins support = no

# WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client
# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both
;   wins server = w.x.y.z

# This will prevent nmbd to search for NetBIOS names through DNS.
dns proxy = no

#### Networking ####

# The specific set of interfaces / networks to bind to
# This can be either the interface name or an IP address/netmask;
# interface names are normally preferred
;   interfaces = 127.0.0.0/8 eth0

# Only bind to the named interfaces and/or networks; you must use the
# 'interfaces' option above to use this.
# It is recommended that you enable this feature if your Samba machine is
# not protected by a firewall or is a firewall itself. However, this
# option cannot handle dynamic or non-broadcast interfaces correctly.
;   bind interfaces only = yes

#### Debugging/Accounting ####

# This tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine
# that connects
log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m

# Cap the size of the individual log files (in KiB).
max log size = 1000

# If you want Samba to only log through syslog then set the following
# parameter to 'yes'.
#   syslog only = no

# We want Samba to log a minimum amount of information to syslog. Everything
# should go to /var/log/samba/log.{smbd,nmbd} instead. If you want to log
# through syslog you should set the following parameter to something higher.
syslog = 0

# Do something sensible when Samba crashes: mail the admin a backtrace
panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d

####### Authentication #######

# Server role. Defines in which mode Samba will operate. Possible
# values are "standalone server", "member server", "classic primary
# domain controller", "classic backup domain controller", "active
# directory domain controller". 
#
# Most people will want "standalone sever" or "member server".
# Running as "active directory domain controller" will require first
# running "samba-tool domain provision" to wipe databases and create a
# new domain.
server role = standalone server

# If you are using encrypted passwords, Samba will need to know what
# password database type you are using.  
passdb backend = tdbsam

obey pam restrictions = yes

# This boolean parameter controls whether Samba attempts to sync the Unix
# password with the SMB password when the encrypted SMB password in the
# passdb is changed.
unix password sync = yes

# For Unix password sync to work on a Debian GNU/Linux system, the following
# parameters must be set (thanks to Ian Kahan <<[email protected]> for
# sending the correct chat script for the passwd program in Debian Sarge).
passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .

# This boolean controls whether PAM will be used for password changes
# when requested by an SMB client instead of the program listed in
# 'passwd program'. The default is 'no'.
pam password change = yes

# This option controls how unsuccessful authentication attempts are mapped
# to anonymous connections
map to guest = bad user

########## Domains ###########

#
# The following settings only takes effect if 'server role = primary
# classic domain controller', 'server role = backup domain controller'
# or 'domain logons' is set 
#

# It specifies the location of the user's
# profile directory from the client point of view) The following
# required a [profiles] share to be setup on the samba server (see
# below)
;   logon path = \\%N\profiles\%U
# Another common choice is storing the profile in the user's home directory
# (this is Samba's default)
#   logon path = \\%N\%U\profile

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the location of a user's home directory (from the client
# point of view)
;   logon drive = H:
#   logon home = \\%N\%U

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the script to run during logon. The script must be stored
# in the [netlogon] share
# NOTE: Must be store in 'DOS' file format convention
;   logon script = logon.cmd

# This allows Unix users to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe. The example command creates a user account with a disabled Unix
# password; please adapt to your needs
; add user script = /usr/sbin/adduser --quiet --disabled-password --gecos "" %u

# This allows machine accounts to be created on the domain controller via the 
# SAMR RPC pipe.  
# The following assumes a "machines" group exists on the system
; add machine script  = /usr/sbin/useradd -g machines -c "%u machine account" -d /var/lib/samba -s /bin/false %u

# This allows Unix groups to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe.  
; add group script = /usr/sbin/addgroup --force-badname %g

############ Misc ############

# Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration
# on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name
# of the machine that is connecting
;   include = /home/samba/etc/smb.conf.%m

# Some defaults for winbind (make sure you're not using the ranges
# for something else.)
;   idmap uid = 10000-20000
;   idmap gid = 10000-20000
;   template shell = /bin/bash

# Setup usershare options to enable non-root users to share folders
# with the net usershare command.

# Maximum number of usershare. 0 (default) means that usershare is disabled.
;   usershare max shares = 100

# Allow users who've been granted usershare privileges to create
# public shares, not just authenticated ones
usershare allow guests = yes

#======================= Share Definitions =======================

# Un-comment the following (and tweak the other settings below to suit)
# to enable the default home directory shares. This will share each
# user's home directory as \\server\username
;[homes]
;   comment = Home Directories
;   browseable = no

# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change the
# next parameter to 'no' if you want to be able to write to them.
;   read only = yes

# File creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create files with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
;   create mask = 0700

# Directory creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create dirs. with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
;   directory mask = 0700

# By default, \\server\username shares can be connected to by anyone
# with access to the samba server.
# Un-comment the following parameter to make sure that only "username"
# can connect to \\server\username
# This might need tweaking when using external authentication schemes
;   valid users = %S

# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
;[netlogon]
;   comment = Network Logon Service
;   path = /home/samba/netlogon
;   guest ok = yes
;   read only = yes

# Un-comment the following and create the profiles directory to store
# users profiles (see the "logon path" option above)
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
# The path below should be writable by all users so that their
# profile directory may be created the first time they log on
;[profiles]
;   comment = Users profiles
;   path = /home/samba/profiles
;   guest ok = no
;   browseable = no
;   create mask = 0600
;   directory mask = 0700
[Anonymous]
 comment = Scilab File Server
 path = /Data/Shared
 browsable = yes
 writable = yes
 guest ok = yes
 read only = no
 #force user = nobody
 create mask = 0755
[printers]
comment = All Printers
browseable = no
path = /var/spool/samba
printable = yes
guest ok = no
read only = yes
create mask = 0700

# Windows clients look for this share name as a source of downloadable
# printer drivers
[print$]
comment = Printer Drivers
path = /var/lib/samba/printers
browseable = yes
read only = yes
guest ok = no
# Uncomment to allow remote administration of Windows print drivers.
# You may need to replace 'lpadmin' with the name of the group your
# admin users are members of.
# Please note that you also need to set appropriate Unix permissions
# to the drivers directory for these users to have write rights in it
;   write list = root, @lpadmin

编辑0： 我安装了 avahi-daemon 并检查了它的状态：

Dec 17 17:41:32 scilab_comp_0 avahi-daemon[7358]: Joining mDNS multicast group on interface lo.IPv6 with address ::1.
Dec 17 17:41:32 scilab_comp_0 avahi-daemon[7358]: New relevant interface lo.IPv6 for mDNS.
Dec 17 17:41:32 scilab_comp_0 avahi-daemon[7358]: Joining mDNS multicast group on interface lo.IPv4 with address 127.0.0.1.
Dec 17 17:41:32 scilab_comp_0 avahi-daemon[7358]: New relevant interface lo.IPv4 for mDNS.
Dec 17 17:41:32 scilab_comp_0 avahi-daemon[7358]: Network interface enumeration completed.
Dec 17 17:41:32 scilab_comp_0 avahi-daemon[7358]: Registering new address record for fe80::225:64ff:feaf:9fc8 on enp0s25.*.
Dec 17 17:41:32 scilab_comp_0 avahi-daemon[7358]: Registering new address record for 192.168.1.222 on enp0s25.IPv4.
Dec 17 17:41:32 scilab_comp_0 avahi-daemon[7358]: Registering new address record for ::1 on lo.*.
Dec 17 17:41:32 scilab_comp_0 avahi-daemon[7358]: Registering new address record for 127.0.0.1 on lo.IPv4.
Dec 17 17:41:33 scilab_comp_0 avahi-daemon[7358]: Server startup complete. Host name is scilabcomp0.local. Local service cookie is

但是，在本地主机上运行测试失败：

root@scilab_comp_0:~# smbclient -L localhost
WARNING: The "syslog" option is deprecated
protocol negotiation failed: NT_STATUS_INVALID_NETWORK_RESPONSE

Answer 1

网络计算机发现与实际的文件共享连接略有不同，并使用不同的协议。（并且通过主机名访问服务器也与这两者基本不同。）

实际上有三种不同的协议可用于发现，并且没有一种协议能得到 100% 的支持（尽管 NetBIOS 非常接近）：

• NetBIOS：所有 Windows 版本甚至 MS-DOS 版本都使用的传统机制。Linux 上支持nmbd守护进程是 Samba 的一部分。然而，在 Windows 10 系统上，它现在默认被禁用，并且需要根据 Microsoft 的建议重新启用 SMBv1 支持。

• WS-Discovery：Windows 7-10 的新机制，但 Linux 完全不支持。

• mDNS：Avahi 守护程序在 Linux 上支持 mDNS，macOS 可以识别 mDNS，但 Windows 尚不支持 mDNS。（也就是说，Windows 只能使用它来查找主机名，但不是发现共享文件夹。

因此首先确保服务器具有nmbd并avahi-daemon启用服务 - 这应该涵盖大多数系统（包括大多数 Windows 安装，但由于 NetBIOS 与 SMBv1 绑定，因此不一定是全部）。

如果服务器有防火墙，请不要忘记打开新的端口 – mDNS（Avahi）需要能够接收数据包5353/udp，而 NetBIOS 使用137-138/udp和139/tcp。

最后，如果您使用 NetBIOS (nmbd)，请确保服务器和所有客户端具有相同的workgroupsmb.conf 中的设置。