我看到硬盘的 SMART 统计数据中 Hardware_ECC_Recovered 计数器既增加又减少，我感到很困惑。
我预计每次 ECC 检测到（并纠正）错误时它都会增加，但它为什么会减少呢？
/var/log/messages-20191208.gz:Dec 4 20:40:58 MushaV3 smartd[4411]: Device: /dev/sdb [SAT], SMART Usage Attribute: 195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered changed from 23 to 24
/var/log/messages-20191208.gz:Dec 7 16:40:58 MushaV3 smartd[4411]: Device: /dev/sdb [SAT], SMART Usage Attribute: 195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered changed from 24 to 23
/var/log/messages-20191215.gz:Dec 10 03:40:58 MushaV3 smartd[4411]: Device: /dev/sdb [SAT], SMART Usage Attribute: 195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered changed from 23 to 24
/var/log/messages-20191215.gz:Dec 11 13:40:59 MushaV3 smartd[4411]: Device: /dev/sdb [SAT], SMART Usage Attribute: 195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered changed from 24 to 25
/var/log/messages-20191215.gz:Dec 11 20:40:58 MushaV3 smartd[4411]: Device: /dev/sdb [SAT], SMART Usage Attribute: 195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered changed from 25 to 24
/var/log/messages-20191222.gz:Dec 16 04:10:58 MushaV3 smartd[4411]: Device: /dev/sdb [SAT], SMART Usage Attribute: 195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered changed from 24 to 23
/var/log/messages-20191222.gz:Dec 16 04:40:58 MushaV3 smartd[4411]: Device: /dev/sdb [SAT], SMART Usage Attribute: 195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered changed from 23 to 24
/var/log/messages-20191222.gz:Dec 21 21:40:58 MushaV3 smartd[4411]: Device: /dev/sdb [SAT], SMART Usage Attribute: 195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered changed from 24 to 25
此驱动器的完整智能输出:(无论如何我都打算更换）。
MushaV3 /home/tim/server/media/music # smartctl -a /dev/sdb
smartctl 7.0 2018-12-30 r4883 [x86_64-linux-4.19.57-gentoo] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-18, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Seagate Barracuda 7200.12
Device Model: ST3500413AS
Serial Number: Z2A8WLS9
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 035a9b8b6
Firmware Version: JC4B
User Capacity: 500,107,862,016 bytes [500 GB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate: 7200 rpm
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Sun Dec 22 15:15:54 2019 GMT
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x82) Offline data collection activity
was completed without error.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 600) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 83) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x103f) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000f 115 099 006 Pre-fail Always - 90061503
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0003 100 100 000 Pre-fail Always - 0
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 020 Old_age Always - 850
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 036 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000f 075 060 030 Pre-fail Always - 38654999
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 028 028 000 Old_age Always - 63471
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 097 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 020 Old_age Always - 849
183 Runtime_Bad_Block 0x0032 094 094 000 Old_age Always - 6
184 End-to-End_Error 0x0032 100 100 099 Old_age Always - 0
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
188 Command_Timeout 0x0032 100 098 000 Old_age Always - 3
189 High_Fly_Writes 0x003a 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 1
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 076 053 045 Old_age Always - 24 (Min/Max 16/24)
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 024 047 000 Old_age Always - 24 (0 12 0 0 0)
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered 0x001a 025 015 000 Old_age Always - 90061503
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0010 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x003e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
240 Head_Flying_Hours 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 65743 (213 204 0)
241 Total_LBAs_Written 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 1432413407
242 Total_LBAs_Read 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 1198286283
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 51176 -
# 2 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 1753 -
# 3 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 111 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
答案1
答案2
Hardware_ECC_recovered 值上下波动是完全正常的。这是几个“速率”参数之一，用于描述某些（可能令人担忧的）事件发生的频率最近在这种情况下，驱动器测量读取后需要应用 ECC 校正的扇区比例。由于驱动器故意忘记历史记录（为您提供“当前”读取性能的值），因此值上下移动是正常的。该参数在许多驱动器中波动的技术背景是，硬盘驱动器在确定磁头与轨道完全对齐之前尝试读取扇区。如果它无论如何都可以读取扇区，则用户将获得更好的性能。如果它无法获得有效数据，它会在下一次旋转时重试。如果磁头的位置“几乎正确”，则 ECC 很可能能够纠正未正确读取的位。根据我的经验，ECC 恢复率在随机访问（如索引所有文件）时会变差，而在连续读取大文件（如复制 DVD 图像或观看电影）时会提高。最后，我想指出，硬盘制造商也告诉您不必担心：需要担心的阈值是 0，您的值大约是 25，15 是见过的最差值。值越低，情况就越糟糕，所以您仍然处于“绿色”范围内。即使该值降至零，也表明驱动器随着时间的推移而性能下降（“老化”）（因此在方便时更换驱动器可能是明智之举），而不是警告该驱动器即将完全失效（“可预测的故障”）。