我有一个 FM2+ AMD A10-7700K APU 版本。
4 个物理 RAM 插槽已满，每个 4 GB；总计 16 GB
2 个 SSD 驱动器； 120GB（包含操作系统）和256GB数据
我已经在这台机器上运行 Cinnamon Mint 桌面几年了。
我刚刚用新设备更换了包含操作系统的 120GB 驱动器。
我重新安装了Mint 19；标准正常。
现在我只看到/系统正在使用我的 16 GB 内存中的 6.9 GB；
即通过终端 htop/top 或桌面“系统监视器”我看到 6.9Gib
奇怪的是...
lshw返回 6909MiB
而sudo lshw返回 16GiB
我该如何解决这个问题，以便我可以再次使用全部内存？
以下是相关诊断：
oracle@oracle:~$ lshw -C memory
WARNING: you should run this program as super-user.
*-memory
description: System memory
physical id: 0
size: 6909MiB
WARNING: output may be incomplete or inaccurate, you should run this program as super-user.
oracle@oracle:~$ sudo lshw -C memory
*-memory
description: System Memory
physical id: 24
slot: System board or motherboard
size: 16GiB
*-bank:0
description: DIMM DDR3 Synchronous Unbuffered (Unregistered) 1600 MHz (0.6 ns)
product: BLS4G3D18ADS3.16FE
vendor: Undefined
physical id: 0
serial: 5951031B
slot: DIMM_A1
size: 4GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 1600MHz (0.6ns)
*-bank:1
description: DIMM DDR3 Synchronous Unbuffered (Unregistered) 1866 MHz (0.5 ns)
product: BLS4G3D18ADS3.16FE
vendor: Undefined
physical id: 1
serial: 5951034A
slot: DIMM_A2
size: 4GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 1866MHz (0.5ns)
*-bank:2
description: DIMM DDR3 Synchronous Unbuffered (Unregistered) 1600 MHz (0.6 ns)
product: BLS4G3D1609DS1S00.
vendor: Undefined
physical id: 2
serial: AD0195EA
slot: DIMM_B1
size: 4GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 1600MHz (0.6ns)
*-bank:3
description: DIMM DDR3 Synchronous Unbuffered (Unregistered) 1866 MHz (0.5 ns)
product: BLS4G3D1609DS1S00.
vendor: Undefined
physical id: 3
serial: A015A6F5
slot: DIMM_B2
size: 4GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 1866MHz (0.5ns)
*-cache:0
description: L1 cache
physical id: 32
slot: L1 CACHE
size: 256KiB
capacity: 256KiB
clock: 1GHz (1.0ns)
capabilities: pipeline-burst internal write-back unified
configuration: level=1
*-cache:1
description: L2 cache
physical id: 33
slot: L2 CACHE
size: 4MiB
capacity: 4MiB
clock: 1GHz (1.0ns)
capabilities: pipeline-burst internal write-back unified
configuration: level=2
oracle@oracle:~$ cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 7075532 kB
MemFree: 1287176 kB
MemAvailable: 3876744 kB
Buffers: 132812 kB
Cached: 2756456 kB
SwapCached: 0 kB
Active: 2950656 kB
Inactive: 2380020 kB
Active(anon): 2397828 kB
Inactive(anon): 205576 kB
Active(file): 552828 kB
Inactive(file): 2174444 kB
Unevictable: 48 kB
Mlocked: 48 kB
SwapTotal: 7519228 kB
SwapFree: 7519228 kB
Dirty: 640 kB
Writeback: 0 kB
AnonPages: 2441496 kB
Mapped: 554940 kB
Shmem: 228476 kB
Slab: 219512 kB
SReclaimable: 159268 kB
SUnreclaim: 60244 kB
KernelStack: 10752 kB
PageTables: 65192 kB
NFS_Unstable: 0 kB
Bounce: 0 kB
WritebackTmp: 0 kB
CommitLimit: 11056992 kB
Committed_AS: 9344292 kB
VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB
VmallocUsed: 0 kB
VmallocChunk: 0 kB
HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB
AnonHugePages: 14336 kB
ShmemHugePages: 0 kB
ShmemPmdMapped: 0 kB
CmaTotal: 0 kB
CmaFree: 0 kB
HugePages_Total: 0
HugePages_Free: 0
HugePages_Rsvd: 0
HugePages_Surp: 0
Hugepagesize: 2048 kB
DirectMap4k: 352868 kB
DirectMap2M: 6926336 kB
DirectMap1G: 0 kB
oracle@oracle:~$ egrep "model name|address" /proc/cpuinfo
model name : AMD A10-7700K APU with Radeon(TM) R7 Graphics
address sizes : 48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
model name : AMD A10-7700K APU with Radeon(TM) R7 Graphics
address sizes : 48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
model name : AMD A10-7700K APU with Radeon(TM) R7 Graphics
address sizes : 48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
model name : AMD A10-7700K APU with Radeon(TM) R7 Graphics
address sizes : 48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
oracle@oracle:~$ uname -a
Linux oracle 4.15.0-70-generic #79-Ubuntu SMP Tue Nov 12 10:36:11 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
oracle@oracle:~$ cat /etc/*release
DISTRIB_ID=LinuxMint
DISTRIB_RELEASE=19
DISTRIB_CODENAME=tara
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Linux Mint 19 Tara"
NAME="Linux Mint"
VERSION="19 (Tara)"
ID=linuxmint
ID_LIKE=ubuntu
PRETTY_NAME="Linux Mint 19"
VERSION_ID="19"
HOME_URL="https://www.linuxmint.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://forums.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="http://linuxmint-troubleshooting-guide.readthedocs.io/en/latest/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.linuxmint.com/"
VERSION_CODENAME=tara
UBUNTU_CODENAME=bionic
cat: /etc/upstream-release: Is a directory
oracle@oracle:~$ free
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 7075532 2759988 1274080 218636 3041464 3866492
Swap: 7519228 0 7519228
oracle@oracle:~$ sudo dmidecode -t memory
# dmidecode 3.1
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 2.7 present.
Handle 0x0024, DMI type 16, 23 bytes
Physical Memory Array
Location: System Board Or Motherboard
Use: System Memory
Error Correction Type: None
Maximum Capacity: 16 GB
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Number Of Devices: 4
Handle 0x0026, DMI type 17, 34 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x0024
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 64 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 4096 MB
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: DIMM_A1
Bank Locator: A1_BANK0
Type: DDR3
Type Detail: Synchronous Unbuffered (Unregistered)
Speed: 1600 MT/s
Manufacturer: Undefined
Serial Number: 5951031B
Asset Tag: A1_AssetTagNum1
Part Number: BLS4G3D18ADS3.16FE
Rank: 2
Configured Clock Speed: 1600 MT/s
Handle 0x0028, DMI type 17, 34 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x0024
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 64 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 4096 MB
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: DIMM_A2
Bank Locator: A1_BANK1
Type: DDR3
Type Detail: Synchronous Unbuffered (Unregistered)
Speed: 1866 MT/s
Manufacturer: Undefined
Serial Number: 5951034A
Asset Tag: A1_AssetTagNum0
Part Number: BLS4G3D18ADS3.16FE
Rank: 2
Configured Clock Speed: 1600 MT/s
Handle 0x002A, DMI type 17, 34 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x0024
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 64 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 4096 MB
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: DIMM_B1
Bank Locator: A1_BANK2
Type: DDR3
Type Detail: Synchronous Unbuffered (Unregistered)
Speed: 1600 MT/s
Manufacturer: Undefined
Serial Number: AD0195EA
Asset Tag: A1_AssetTagNum2
Part Number: BLS4G3D1609DS1S00.
Rank: 2
Configured Clock Speed: 1600 MT/s
Handle 0x002C, DMI type 17, 34 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x0024
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 64 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 4096 MB
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: DIMM_B2
Bank Locator: A1_BANK3
Type: DDR3
Type Detail: Synchronous Unbuffered (Unregistered)
Speed: 1866 MT/s
Manufacturer: Undefined
Serial Number: A015A6F5
Asset Tag: A1_AssetTagNum3
Part Number: BLS4G3D1609DS1S00.
Rank: 2
Configured Clock Speed: 1600 MT/s
oracle@oracle:~$ lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 15h (Models 30h-3fh) Processor Root Complex
00:01.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Kaveri [Radeon R7 Graphics]
00:01.1 Audio device: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Kaveri HDMI/DP Audio Controller
00:02.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 15h (Models 30h-3fh) Processor Root Port
00:02.1 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1425
00:03.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 15h (Models 30h-3fh) Processor Root Port
00:04.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 15h (Models 30h-3fh) Processor Root Port
00:10.0 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH USB XHCI Controller (rev 09)
00:10.1 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH USB XHCI Controller (rev 09)
00:11.0 SATA controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH SATA Controller [AHCI mode] (rev 40)
00:12.0 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH USB OHCI Controller (rev 11)
00:12.2 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH USB EHCI Controller (rev 11)
00:13.0 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH USB OHCI Controller (rev 11)
00:13.2 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH USB EHCI Controller (rev 11)
00:14.0 SMBus: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH SMBus Controller (rev 16)
00:14.2 Audio device: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH Azalia Controller (rev 01)
00:14.3 ISA bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH LPC Bridge (rev 11)
00:14.4 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH PCI Bridge (rev 40)
00:15.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Hudson PCI to PCI bridge (PCIE port 0)
00:15.2 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Hudson PCI to PCI bridge (PCIE port 2)
00:18.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 15h (Models 30h-3fh) Processor Function 0
00:18.1 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 15h (Models 30h-3fh) Processor Function 1
00:18.2 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 15h (Models 30h-3fh) Processor Function 2
00:18.3 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 15h (Models 30h-3fh) Processor Function 3
00:18.4 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 15h (Models 30h-3fh) Processor Function 4
00:18.5 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 15h (Models 30h-3fh) Processor Function 5
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP107 [GeForce GTX 1050] (rev a1)
01:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation GP107GL High Definition Audio Controller (rev a1)
04:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 0c)
oracle@oracle:~$ lspci -v -s 01:00.0
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP107 [GeForce GTX 1050] (rev a1) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
Subsystem: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd GP107 [GeForce GTX 1050]
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 42
Memory at fd000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
Memory at e0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
Memory at f0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=32M]
I/O ports at e000 [size=128]
[virtual] Expansion ROM at 000c0000 [disabled] [size=128K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: nvidia
Kernel modules: nvidiafb, nouveau, nvidia_drm, nvidia
oracle@oracle:~$ sudo lspci -v -s 01:00.0
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP107 [GeForce GTX 1050] (rev a1) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
Subsystem: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd GP107 [GeForce GTX 1050]
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 42
Memory at fd000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
Memory at e0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
Memory at f0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=32M]
I/O ports at e000 [size=128]
[virtual] Expansion ROM at 000c0000 [disabled] [size=128K]
Capabilities: [60] Power Management version 3
Capabilities: [68] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
Capabilities: [78] Express Legacy Endpoint, MSI 00
Capabilities: [100] Virtual Channel
Capabilities: [250] Latency Tolerance Reporting
Capabilities: [128] Power Budgeting <?>
Capabilities: [420] Advanced Error Reporting
Capabilities: [600] Vendor Specific Information: ID=0001 Rev=1 Len=024 <?>
Kernel driver in use: nvidia
Kernel modules: nvidiafb, nouveau, nvidia_drm, nvidia
oracle@oracle:~$ glxinfo | egrep -i 'device|memory'
GLX_NV_robustness_video_memory_purge, GLX_SGIX_fbconfig, GLX_SGIX_pbuffer,
GLX_NV_robustness_video_memory_purge, GLX_NV_swap_group,
GLX_NV_robustness_video_memory_purge, GLX_SGIX_fbconfig, GLX_SGIX_pbuffer,
Memory info (GL_NVX_gpu_memory_info):
Dedicated video memory: 2048 MB
Total available memory: 2048 MB
Currently available dedicated video memory: 516 MB
GL_EXT_import_sync_object, GL_EXT_memory_object, GL_EXT_memory_object_fd,
GL_NVX_conditional_render, GL_NVX_gpu_memory_info, GL_NVX_nvenc_interop,
GL_NV_light_max_exponent, GL_NV_memory_attachment,
GL_NV_register_combiners2, GL_NV_robustness_video_memory_purge,
GL_NV_transform_feedback2, GL_NV_uniform_buffer_unified_memory,
GL_NV_vertex_buffer_unified_memory, GL_NV_vertex_program,
GL_EXT_import_sync_object, GL_EXT_memory_object, GL_EXT_memory_object_fd,
GL_NVX_conditional_render, GL_NVX_gpu_memory_info, GL_NVX_nvenc_interop,
GL_NV_light_max_exponent, GL_NV_memory_attachment,
GL_NV_register_combiners2, GL_NV_robustness_video_memory_purge,
GL_NV_transform_feedback2, GL_NV_uniform_buffer_unified_memory,
GL_NV_vertex_buffer_unified_memory, GL_NV_vertex_program,
GL_EXT_map_buffer_range, GL_EXT_memory_object, GL_EXT_memory_object_fd,
GL_NV_internalformat_sample_query, GL_NV_memory_attachment,
oracle@oracle:~$ grep -i memory /var/log/Xorg.0.log
[ 8.238] (--) NVIDIA(0): Memory: 2097152 kBytes
[ 8.284] (II) NVIDIA: Using 24576.00 MB of virtual memory for indirect memory
[ 8.372] (==) NVIDIA(0): Disabling shared memory pixmaps
答案1
最后...我将有问题的内存交换到另一台机器上。它也死在那里。看来这是一个物理硬件问题。不知何故，当我更换SSD时，我一定已经为它干杯了？诡异的。谢谢您的帮助！