我正在尝试访问从无法正常工作的 QNAP NAS 设备中移除的 8TB HDD 中的数据。该 HDD 使用 USB3-SATA 适配器连接到 Ubuntu 20.04 机器。
当硬盘连接到计算机时，桌面上找不到新的驱动器图标。因此，我尝试使用 bash 终端手动安装它。我通过/dev/sda查看dmesg和识别出硬盘fdisk。
但是，当我尝试使用
mount /dev/sda /media/exthdd
我得到了错误
NTFS signature is missing.
Failed to mount '/dev/sda': Invalid argument
The device '/dev/sda' doesn't seem to have a valid NTFS.
Maybe the wrong device is used? Or the whole disk instead of a
partition (e.g. /dev/sda, not /dev/sda1)? Or the other way around?
尝试了 Daniel B 的建议
mount /dev/sda3 /media/exthdd
并得到错误
mount: /media/exthdd: unknown filesystem type 'linux_raid_member'.
尝试过
mdadm --assemble --run /dev/md0 /dev/sda3
但出现了错误
mdadm: /dev/sda3 is busy - skipping
我们如何访问该硬盘中的数据？谢谢！
部分dmesg：
[ 127.845809] sd 4:0:0:0: [sda] Synchronizing SCSI cache
[ 128.104836] sd 4:0:0:0: [sda] Synchronize Cache(10) failed: Result: hostbyte=DID_ERROR driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 142.769194] usb 10-3: new SuperSpeed Gen 1 USB device number 2 using xhci_hcd
[ 142.789851] usb 10-3: New USB device found, idVendor=174c, idProduct=55aa, bcdDevice= 1.00
[ 142.789854] usb 10-3: New USB device strings: Mfr=2, Product=3, SerialNumber=1
[ 142.789855] usb 10-3: Product: ASM1156-PM
[ 142.789856] usb 10-3: Manufacturer: ASMT
[ 142.789857] usb 10-3: SerialNumber: 00000000000000000000
[ 142.791213] scsi host4: uas
[ 142.803693] scsi 4:0:0:0: Direct-Access ASMT ASM1156-PM 0 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
[ 142.820428] sd 4:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg0 type 0
[ 142.837024] sd 4:0:0:0: [sda] 15628053168 512-byte logical blocks: (8.00 TB/7.28 TiB)
[ 142.837026] sd 4:0:0:0: [sda] 4096-byte physical blocks
[ 142.837151] sd 4:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
[ 142.837153] sd 4:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00
[ 142.837361] sd 4:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[ 142.841558] sd 4:0:0:0: [sda] Optimal transfer size 33553920 bytes not a multiple of physical block size (4096 bytes)
[ 151.664442] sda: sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4 sda5
[ 151.774943] sd 4:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk
sudo fdisk -l /dev/sda：
$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 7.28 TiB, 8001563222016 bytes, 15628053168 sectors
Disk model: ASM1156-PM
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: D0220E114E88-4C1E-94C3-C96BBF594E88
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 40 1060289 1060250 517.7M Microsoft basic data
/dev/sda2 1060296 2120579 1060284 517.7M Microsoft basic data
/dev/sda3 2120584 15610264109 15608143526 7.3T Microsoft basic data
/dev/sda4 15610264112 15611324399 1060288 517.7M Microsoft basic data
/dev/sda5 15611324408 15628031999 16707592 8G Microsoft basic data
sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sda3：
/dev/sda3:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.0
Feature Map : 0x0
Array UUID : b20f5220:2d15d1c8:cca065c3:0d22eb1b
Name : 2
Creation Time : Tue Aug 1 00:52:21 2017
Raid Level : raid1
Raid Devices : 1
Avail Dev Size : 15608143240 (7442.54 GiB 7991.37 GB)
Array Size : 7804071616 (7442.54 GiB 7991.37 GB)
Used Dev Size : 15608143232 (7442.54 GiB 7991.37 GB)
Super Offset : 15608143504 sectors
Unused Space : before=0 sectors, after=264 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : f4754405:0ab328d5:623c86bd:xxxxxxxx
Update Time : Fri Mar 5 10:20:54 2021
Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset -8 sectors
Checksum : 794bbf3a - correct
Events : 68
Device Role : Active device 0
Array State : A ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
cat /proc/mdstat：
Personalities : [raid1]
md322 : active (read-only) raid1 dm-2[0]
7235136 blocks super 1.0 [2/1] [U_]
bitmap: 1/1 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
md2 : active (read-only) raid1 dm-1[0]
7804071616 blocks super 1.0 [1/1] [U]
md256 : active (read-only) raid1 dm-0[0]
530112 blocks super 1.0 [2/1] [U_]
bitmap: 1/1 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
sudo mdadm --detail /dev/md2：
/dev/md2:
Version : 1.0
Creation Time : Tue Aug 1 00:52:21 2017
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 7804071616 (7442.54 GiB 7991.37 GB)
Used Dev Size : 7804071616 (7442.54 GiB 7991.37 GB)
Raid Devices : 1
Total Devices : 1
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Fri Mar 5 10:20:54 2021
State : clean
Active Devices : 1
Working Devices : 1
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Consistency Policy : resync
Name : 2
UUID : b20f5220:2d15d1c8:cca065c3:xxxxxxxx
Events : 68
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 253 1 0 active sync /dev/dm-1
sudo mount /dev/dm-1 /media/exthdd：
mount: /media/exthdd: unknown filesystem type 'linux_raid_member'.
答案1
您已将“文件系统”标识为 Linux 软件 RAID。RAID 阵列已处于活动状态，如 所示/proc/mdstat。
要安装内容，您必须安装/dev/mdNN 可能是 2 的位置。还有另外两个 RAID 阵列（md256和md322），对应于一些其他分区，但这些分区不太可能保存用户数据。
所以一定要尝试mount /dev/md2 /media/exthdd。/dev/dm-1是成员数组，你不会直接使用它。