Ansible 运行分析工具：使用 pip3 安装 mysqlclient 时出现异常

Question

我想使用带有 ARA 的 mysql 引擎/数据库，而不是工具附带的默认 sqlite 引擎，以便拥有一个用于多个条目的更强大的引擎，但我遇到一个问题，不允许我在下面的详细信息中实现这一点：

当我在 ARA 服务器的 settings.yml 文件中指定 mysql 引擎时出现以下错误：

~/.ara/server # [ara] Using settings file: /root/.ara/server/settings.yaml
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/root/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/ara/server/__main__.py", line 54, in main
    import MySQLdb  # noqa
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'MySQLdb'

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/root/.local/bin/ara-manage", line 8, in <module>
    sys.exit(main())
  File "/root/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/ara/server/__main__.py", line 56, in main
    raise MissingMysqlclientException from e
ara.setup.exceptions.MissingMysqlclientException: The mysqlclient python library must be installed in order to use the MySQL database engine.

因此我检查了 mysqlclient 是否已安装，但显然没有安装：

~/.ara/server # pip3 list installed | grep mysql

但是当我尝试安装它时，我遇到了这个巨大的异常块：

~/.ara/server # pip3.8 install mysqlclient
Collecting mysqlclient
  Using cached mysqlclient-2.0.3.tar.gz (88 kB)
Building wheels for collected packages: mysqlclient
  Building wheel for mysqlclient (setup.py) ... error
  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
   command: /usr/bin/python3 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-oq1ay19g/mysqlclient_f0ad3d21508f4b698b4bfb4e7c70b25d/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-oq1ay19g/mysqlclient_f0ad3d21508f4b698b4bfb4e7c70b25d/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-wheel-lm119tma
       cwd: /tmp/pip-install-oq1ay19g/mysqlclient_f0ad3d21508f4b698b4bfb4e7c70b25d/
  Complete output (41 lines):
  mysql_config --version
  ['10.5.5']
  mysql_config --libs
  ['-L/usr/lib/', '-lmariadb']
  mysql_config --cflags
  ['-I/usr/include/mysql', '-I/usr/include/mysql/mysql']
  ext_options:
    library_dirs: ['/usr/lib/']
    libraries: ['mariadb']
    extra_compile_args: ['-std=c99']
    extra_link_args: []
    include_dirs: ['/usr/include/mysql', '/usr/include/mysql/mysql']
    extra_objects: []
    define_macros: [('version_info', "(2,0,3,'final',0)"), ('__version__', '2.0.3')]
  running bdist_wheel
  running build
  running build_py
  creating build
  creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8
  creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/MySQLdb
  copying MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/MySQLdb
  copying MySQLdb/_exceptions.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/MySQLdb
  copying MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/MySQLdb
  copying MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/MySQLdb
  copying MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/MySQLdb
  copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/MySQLdb
  copying MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/MySQLdb
  creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/MySQLdb/constants
  copying MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/MySQLdb/constants
  copying MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/MySQLdb/constants
  copying MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/MySQLdb/constants
  copying MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/MySQLdb/constants
  copying MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/MySQLdb/constants
  copying MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/MySQLdb/constants
  running build_ext
  building 'MySQLdb._mysql' extension
  creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8
  creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/MySQLdb
  gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -fomit-frame-pointer -g -fno-semantic-interposition -fomit-frame-pointer -g -fno-semantic-interposition -fomit-frame-pointer -g -fno-semantic-interposition -DTHREAD_STACK_SIZE=0x100000 -fPIC -Dversion_info=(2,0,3,'final',0) -D__version__=2.0.3 -I/usr/include/mysql -I/usr/include/mysql/mysql -I/usr/include/python3.8 -c MySQLdb/_mysql.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/MySQLdb/_mysql.o -std=c99
  unable to execute 'gcc': No such file or directory
  error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
  ----------------------------------------
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for mysqlclient
  Running setup.py clean for mysqlclient
Failed to build mysqlclient
Installing collected packages: mysqlclient
    Running setup.py install for mysqlclient ... error
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: /usr/bin/python3 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-oq1ay19g/mysqlclient_f0ad3d21508f4b698b4bfb4e7c70b25d/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-oq1ay19g/mysqlclient_f0ad3d21508f4b698b4bfb4e7c70b25d/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-ksqr0pbp/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /usr/include/python3.8/mysqlclient
         cwd: /tmp/pip-install-oq1ay19g/mysqlclient_f0ad3d21508f4b698b4bfb4e7c70b25d/
    Complete output (41 lines):
    mysql_config --version
    ['10.5.5']
    mysql_config --libs
    ['-L/usr/lib/', '-lmariadb']
    mysql_config --cflags
    ['-I/usr/include/mysql', '-I/usr/include/mysql/mysql']
    ext_options:
      library_dirs: ['/usr/lib/']
      libraries: ['mariadb']
      extra_compile_args: ['-std=c99']
      extra_link_args: []
      include_dirs: ['/usr/include/mysql', '/usr/include/mysql/mysql']
      extra_objects: []
      define_macros: [('version_info', "(2,0,3,'final',0)"), ('__version__', '2.0.3')]
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/_exceptions.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/MySQLdb
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/MySQLdb/constants
    running build_ext
    building 'MySQLdb._mysql' extension
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/MySQLdb
    gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -fomit-frame-pointer -g -fno-semantic-interposition -fomit-frame-pointer -g -fno-semantic-interposition -fomit-frame-pointer -g -fno-semantic-interposition -DTHREAD_STACK_SIZE=0x100000 -fPIC -Dversion_info=(2,0,3,'final',0) -D__version__=2.0.3 -I/usr/include/mysql -I/usr/include/mysql/mysql -I/usr/include/python3.8 -c MySQLdb/_mysql.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/MySQLdb/_mysql.o -std=c99
    unable to execute 'gcc': No such file or directory
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /usr/bin/python3 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-oq1ay19g/mysqlclient_f0ad3d21508f4b698b4bfb4e7c70b25d/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-oq1ay19g/mysqlclient_f0ad3d21508f4b698b4bfb4e7c70b25d/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-ksqr0pbp/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /usr/include/python3.8/mysqlclient Check the logs for full command output.

如果我理解错误，那么由于缺少 gcc，就会出现编译问题。但是当我尝试使用 pip 卸载 gcc7 时，它不起作用：

~/.ara/server # pip3 install gcc7
ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement gcc7
ERROR: No matching distribution found for gcc7

1-那么我的分析正确吗？

2- 这背后的真正问题是什么？我的意思是是否有其他依赖项可能导致此问题。任何帮助或提示都将不胜感激。

附言：我正在研究高山分布。

Answer 1

我最终设法安装这两个包并使它工作：

apk add musl-dev gcc

在使用 gcc 时，Alpine 非常特殊，因此安装 musl-dev 可以解决问题。

Answer 2

如果我理解错误的话，那么由于缺少，存在编译问题gcc。 

我不熟悉 Alpine Linux，但是从错误信息来看，你似乎没有可识别的版本gcc（GNU 编译器集合）。

当我尝试gcc7使用安装时pip，它不起作用。

尽管gcc7似乎是一个有效的 Python 模块可通过pip，它似乎是仅限 Mac此时。

任何帮助或提示都将不胜感激。

您可能想要尝试的第一件事是gcc自己安装 Alpine Linux（在 之外pip），假设它尚未可用。 请注意，Alpine Linux wiki 上有一些关于如何进行基本安装的简单说明gcc。他们显然建议运行：

apk add build-base

“开始使用” gcc（即拥有它和一些可用的基本库）。

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gcc请注意，即使安装正确，您仍然可能（理论上）遇到其他构建问题。

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