最近，dnf upgrade在我的 Fedora 34 系统上，我无法再运行 google-chrome 或 brave-browser。两者都失败，并显示：
GPU process exited unexpectedly: exit_code=159
Brave 还表示：
ERROR:profile_attributes_storage.cc(547)] Failed to PNG encode the image.
我还没有遇到过其他出现相同症状的情况（例如，Firefox 运行良好）。我正在使用 Nvidia 内核模块：
# lsmod | grep nvidia
nvidia_drm 69632 10
nvidia_modeset 1200128 20 nvidia_drm
nvidia 35315712 987 nvidia_modeset
drm_kms_helper 290816 2 nvidia_drm,i915
drm 630784 16 drm_kms_helper,nvidia,nvidia_drm,i915
...但升级之前一切都运行良好。
问题似乎与内核无关；我已重新启动到之前的两个内核，但问题仍然存在。我尝试将 Brave 降级到以前的版本，但这似乎也无济于事。
为了确保它不是某种本地设置，我创建了一个新的用户帐户并尝试在那里使用浏览器；它们似乎以同样的方式崩溃。
浏览已升级的软件包列表（如下），我没有发现任何明显的可疑之处。这听起来对任何人来说都很熟悉吗？
这是在此过程中更新的软件包列表dnf upgrade：
Install kernel-5.13.10-200.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Install kernel-core-5.13.10-200.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Install kernel-devel-5.13.10-200.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Install kernel-modules-5.13.10-200.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Install kernel-modules-extra-5.13.10-200.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade python3-qgis-3.20.2-1.fc34.x86_64 @copr:copr.fedorainfracloud.org:dani:qgis
Upgrade qgis-3.20.2-1.fc34.x86_64 @copr:copr.fedorainfracloud.org:dani:qgis
Upgrade qgis-grass-3.20.2-1.fc34.x86_64 @copr:copr.fedorainfracloud.org:dani:qgis
Upgrade ModemManager-1.16.8-4.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade ModemManager-glib-1.16.8-4.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade autocorr-en-1:7.1.5.2-5.fc34.noarch @updates
Upgrade blivet-gui-runtime-2.3.0-1.fc34.noarch @updates
Upgrade c-ares-1.17.2-1.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade crun-0.21-1.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade emacs-filesystem-1:27.2-5.fc34.noarch @updates
Upgrade eog-40.3-1.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade evolution-data-server-3.40.4-1.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade evolution-data-server-langpacks-3.40.4-1.fc34.noarch @updates
Upgrade fedora-release-common-34-36.noarch @updates
Upgrade fedora-release-identity-workstation-34-36.noarch @updates
Upgrade fedora-release-workstation-34-36.noarch @updates
Upgrade firefox-91.0-1.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade fuse-overlayfs-1.7.1-1.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade gjs-1.68.3-1.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade glib-networking-2.68.2-1.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade gnome-initial-setup-40.4-1.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade gnome-maps-40.4-1.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade gnome-software-40.4-1.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade gnome-user-docs-40.4-1.fc34.noarch @updates
Upgrade gutenprint-5.3.4-4.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade gutenprint-cups-5.3.4-4.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade gutenprint-libs-5.3.4-4.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade hivex-1.3.21-1.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade ibus-typing-booster-2.14.0-1.fc34.noarch @updates
Upgrade libepoxy-1.5.9-1.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade libgexiv2-0.12.3-1.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade libinput-1.18.1-1.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade libipa_hbac-2.5.2-2.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade libmbim-1.26.0-1.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade libmbim-utils-1.26.0-1.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade libpwquality-1.4.4-6.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade libqmi-1.28.8-1.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade libqmi-utils-1.28.8-1.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade libreoffice-calc-1:7.1.5.2-5.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade libreoffice-core-1:7.1.5.2-5.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade libreoffice-data-1:7.1.5.2-5.fc34.noarch @updates
Upgrade libreoffice-emailmerge-1:7.1.5.2-5.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade libreoffice-filters-1:7.1.5.2-5.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade libreoffice-graphicfilter-1:7.1.5.2-5.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade libreoffice-gtk3-1:7.1.5.2-5.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade libreoffice-help-en-1:7.1.5.2-5.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade libreoffice-impress-1:7.1.5.2-5.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade libreoffice-langpack-en-1:7.1.5.2-5.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade libreoffice-ogltrans-1:7.1.5.2-5.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade libreoffice-opensymbol-fonts-1:7.1.5.2-5.fc34.noarch @updates
Upgrade libreoffice-pdfimport-1:7.1.5.2-5.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade libreoffice-pyuno-1:7.1.5.2-5.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade libreoffice-ure-1:7.1.5.2-5.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade libreoffice-ure-common-1:7.1.5.2-5.fc34.noarch @updates
Upgrade libreoffice-writer-1:7.1.5.2-5.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade libreoffice-x11-1:7.1.5.2-5.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade libreoffice-xsltfilter-1:7.1.5.2-5.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade libsndfile-1.0.31-5.fc34.fc34.i686 @updates
Upgrade libsndfile-1.0.31-5.fc34.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade libsss_autofs-2.5.2-2.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade libsss_certmap-2.5.2-2.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade libsss_idmap-2.5.2-2.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade libsss_nss_idmap-2.5.2-2.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade libsss_sudo-2.5.2-2.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade libtpms-0.8.4-2.20210624gita594c4692a.fc34.0.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade libwebp-1.2.1-1.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade m17n-db-1.8.0-20.fc34.noarch @updates
Upgrade minizip-3.0.2-4.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade mobile-broadband-provider-info-20210805-1.fc34.noarch @updates
Upgrade mock-core-configs-35-1.fc34.noarch @updates
Upgrade mozjs78-78.13.0-1.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade mt32emu-2.5.3-1.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade mtools-4.0.35-1.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade osinfo-db-20210809-1.fc34.noarch @updates
Upgrade perl-Text-Tabs+Wrap-2021.0726-1.fc34.noarch @updates
Upgrade python3-enchant-3.2.1-1.fc34.noarch @updates
Upgrade python3-pwquality-1.4.4-6.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade python3-unbound-1.13.2-1.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade qt5-qtdeclarative-5.15.2-7.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade s3fs-fuse-1.90-1.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade selinux-policy-34.16-1.fc34.noarch @updates
Upgrade selinux-policy-targeted-34.16-1.fc34.noarch @updates
Upgrade shadow-utils-2:4.8.1-9.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade skopeo-1:1.4.0-2.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade sssd-2.5.2-2.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade sssd-ad-2.5.2-2.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade sssd-client-2.5.2-2.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade sssd-common-2.5.2-2.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade sssd-common-pac-2.5.2-2.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade sssd-ipa-2.5.2-2.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade sssd-kcm-2.5.2-2.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade sssd-krb5-2.5.2-2.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade sssd-krb5-common-2.5.2-2.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade sssd-ldap-2.5.2-2.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade sssd-nfs-idmap-2.5.2-2.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade sssd-proxy-2.5.2-2.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade svt-av1-libs-0.8.7-2.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade unbound-libs-1.13.2-1.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade usbredir-0.11.0-1.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade vim-common-2:8.2.3354-1.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade vim-filesystem-2:8.2.3354-1.fc34.noarch @updates
Upgrade vim-minimal-2:8.2.3354-1.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade virtualbox-guest-additions-6.1.26-1.fc34.x86_64 @updates
Upgrade google-chrome-stable-92.0.4515.159-1.x86_64 @google-chrome
更新
Brave 和 Chrome 的最新更新似乎解决了这个特定问题，但其他基于 Chromium 的应用程序仍然失败：
- Chromium 本身（chromium-91.0.4472.164-1.fc34.x86_64）失败
- Slack（slack-4.19.2-0.1.fc21.x86_64）失败
- Chromium 93.0.4577.63-1.fc34.x86_64 似乎可以工作
chromium-browser从 91.0.4472运行--disable-gpu --disable-software-rasterizer，正如在线上各种建议的那样，如果您查找GPU process exited unexpectedly错误，则不能解决问题。
Chromium 的回溯如下所示：
[606558:606576:0907/073125.107865:ERROR:gpu_process_host.cc(1002)] GPU process exited unexpectedly: exit_code=159
[606558:606576:0907/073125.425012:ERROR:gpu_process_host.cc(1002)] GPU process exited unexpectedly: exit_code=159
[606558:606576:0907/073125.738604:ERROR:gpu_process_host.cc(1002)] GPU process exited unexpectedly: exit_code=159
[606903:606903:0907/073125.748883:ERROR:gpu_init.cc(440)] Passthrough is not supported, GL is swiftshader
[606558:606576:0907/073125.945651:ERROR:gpu_process_host.cc(1002)] GPU process exited unexpectedly: exit_code=159
[606997:606997:0907/073125.952810:ERROR:gpu_init.cc(440)] Passthrough is not supported, GL is swiftshader
[606558:606576:0907/073126.158012:ERROR:gpu_process_host.cc(1002)] GPU process exited unexpectedly: exit_code=159
[607029:607029:0907/073126.164402:ERROR:gpu_init.cc(440)] Passthrough is not supported, GL is swiftshader
[606558:606576:0907/073126.364238:ERROR:gpu_process_host.cc(1002)] GPU process exited unexpectedly: exit_code=159
[607107:607107:0907/073126.367075:ERROR:gpu_init.cc(440)] Passthrough is not supported, GL is disabled
[606558:606576:0907/073126.542684:ERROR:gpu_process_host.cc(1002)] GPU process exited unexpectedly: exit_code=159
[607145:607145:0907/073126.545507:ERROR:gpu_init.cc(440)] Passthrough is not supported, GL is disabled
[606558:606576:0907/073126.725641:ERROR:gpu_process_host.cc(1002)] GPU process exited unexpectedly: exit_code=159
[607224:607224:0907/073126.728459:ERROR:gpu_init.cc(440)] Passthrough is not supported, GL is disabled
[606558:606576:0907/073126.904228:ERROR:gpu_process_host.cc(1002)] GPU process exited unexpectedly: exit_code=159
[606558:606576:0907/073126.904250:FATAL:gpu_data_manager_impl_private.cc(415)] GPU process isn't usable. Goodbye.
#0 0x55fe6b1b4279 base::debug::CollectStackTrace()
#1 0x55fe6b116046 base::debug::StackTrace::StackTrace()
#2 0x55fe6b128d44 logging::LogMessage::~LogMessage()
#3 0x55fe68c8a870 content::(anonymous namespace)::IntentionallyCrashBrowserForUnusableGpuProcess()
#4 0x55fe68c8ad59 content::GpuDataManagerImplPrivate::FallBackToNextGpuMode()
#5 0x55fe68c84cb3 content::GpuDataManagerImpl::FallBackToNextGpuMode()
#6 0x55fe68c97828 content::GpuProcessHost::OnProcessCrashed()
#7 0x55fe68a8cb78 content::BrowserChildProcessHostImpl::OnChildDisconnected()
#8 0x55fe6baa3fcb mojo::InterfaceEndpointClient::NotifyError()
#9 0x55fe6c1113dc IPC::(anonymous namespace)::ChannelAssociatedGroupController::NotifyEndpointOfError()
#10 0x55fe6c117014 IPC::(anonymous namespace)::ChannelAssociatedGroupController::OnPipeError()
#11 0x55fe6baa2750 mojo::Connector::HandleError()
#12 0x55fe6bac688f mojo::SimpleWatcher::OnHandleReady()
#13 0x55fe6bac6dbb mojo::SimpleWatcher::Context::CallNotify()
#14 0x55fe69301c77 mojo::core::WatcherDispatcher::InvokeWatchCallback()
#15 0x55fe693011b3 mojo::core::Watch::InvokeCallback()
#16 0x55fe692fd9d8 mojo::core::RequestContext::~RequestContext()
#17 0x55fe692f083a mojo::core::NodeChannel::OnChannelError()
#18 0x55fe693064ef mojo::core::ChannelPosix::OnFileCanReadWithoutBlocking()
#19 0x55fe6b1e1443 base::MessagePumpLibevent::OnLibeventNotification()
#20 0x55fe6b33dd2d event_base_loop
#21 0x55fe6b1e0edd base::MessagePumpLibevent::Run()
#22 0x55fe6b18d530 base::sequence_manager::internal::ThreadControllerWithMessagePumpImpl::Run()
#23 0x55fe6b15ba59 base::RunLoop::Run()
#24 0x55fe6b19da59 base::Thread::Run()
#25 0x55fe68abeafa content::BrowserProcessSubThread::IOThreadRun()
#26 0x55fe6b19e768 base::Thread::ThreadMain()
#27 0x55fe6b1c6aa6 base::(anonymous namespace)::ThreadFunc()
#28 0x7f58f7855aaf start_thread
#29 0x7f58f78da300 __clone3
Received signal 6
#0 0x55fe6b1b4279 base::debug::CollectStackTrace()
#1 0x55fe6b116046 base::debug::StackTrace::StackTrace()
#2 0x55fe6b1b3cf5 base::debug::(anonymous namespace)::StackDumpSignalHandler()
#3 0x7f58f780a760 (/usr/lib64/libc.so.6+0x4275f)
#4 0x7f58f7857783 __GI___pthread_kill
#5 0x7f58f780a6b6 __GI_raise
#6 0x7f58f77f47d3 __GI_abort
#7 0x55fe6b1b37b5 base::debug::BreakDebugger()
#8 0x55fe6b129615 logging::LogMessage::~LogMessage()
#9 0x55fe68c8a870 content::(anonymous namespace)::IntentionallyCrashBrowserForUnusableGpuProcess()
#10 0x55fe68c8ad59 content::GpuDataManagerImplPrivate::FallBackToNextGpuMode()
#11 0x55fe68c84cb3 content::GpuDataManagerImpl::FallBackToNextGpuMode()
#12 0x55fe68c97828 content::GpuProcessHost::OnProcessCrashed()
#13 0x55fe68a8cb78 content::BrowserChildProcessHostImpl::OnChildDisconnected()
#14 0x55fe6baa3fcb mojo::InterfaceEndpointClient::NotifyError()
#15 0x55fe6c1113dc IPC::(anonymous namespace)::ChannelAssociatedGroupController::NotifyEndpointOfError()
#16 0x55fe6c117014 IPC::(anonymous namespace)::ChannelAssociatedGroupController::OnPipeError()
#17 0x55fe6baa2750 mojo::Connector::HandleError()
#18 0x55fe6bac688f mojo::SimpleWatcher::OnHandleReady()
#19 0x55fe6bac6dbb mojo::SimpleWatcher::Context::CallNotify()
#20 0x55fe69301c77 mojo::core::WatcherDispatcher::InvokeWatchCallback()
#21 0x55fe693011b3 mojo::core::Watch::InvokeCallback()
#22 0x55fe692fd9d8 mojo::core::RequestContext::~RequestContext()
#23 0x55fe692f083a mojo::core::NodeChannel::OnChannelError()
#24 0x55fe693064ef mojo::core::ChannelPosix::OnFileCanReadWithoutBlocking()
#25 0x55fe6b1e1443 base::MessagePumpLibevent::OnLibeventNotification()
#26 0x55fe6b33dd2d event_base_loop
#27 0x55fe6b1e0edd base::MessagePumpLibevent::Run()
#28 0x55fe6b18d530 base::sequence_manager::internal::ThreadControllerWithMessagePumpImpl::Run()
#29 0x55fe6b15ba59 base::RunLoop::Run()
#30 0x55fe6b19da59 base::Thread::Run()
#31 0x55fe68abeafa content::BrowserProcessSubThread::IOThreadRun()
#32 0x55fe6b19e768 base::Thread::ThreadMain()
#33 0x55fe6b1c6aa6 base::(anonymous namespace)::ThreadFunc()
#34 0x7f58f7855aaf start_thread
#35 0x7f58f78da300 __clone3
r8: 00007f58e3e60ed0 r9: 000013c3cf38e820 r10: 0000000000000008 r11: 0000000000000202
r12: 0000000000000006 r13: 00007f58e3e62100 r14: 00007f58e3e620c0 r15: 000013c3cee3afc0
di: 000000000009415e si: 0000000000094170 bp: 0000000000094170 bx: 00007f58e3e64640
dx: 0000000000000006 ax: 0000000000000000 cx: 00007f58f7857783 sp: 00007f58e3e60ea0
ip: 00007f58f7857783 efl: 0000000000000202 cgf: 002b000000000033 erf: 0000000000000000
trp: 0000000000000000 msk: 0000000000000000 cr2: 0000000000000000
[end of stack trace]
Calling _exit(1). Core file will not be generated.