我无法更新我的个人 Windows 10，也不知道该如何修复。我当前的 Windows 配置：
- 版本：Windows 10 Pro
- 版本：21H1
- 安装日期：2020 年 10 月 11 日
- 操作系统内部版本：19043.1202
- 体验：Windows功能体验包120.2212.3530.0
大约一个月前，我在启动 Windows 时遇到问题，之后出现了问题。Windows 无法启动，因此我尝试了各种 Windows 原生恢复选项。其中之一是删除最新的 Windows 更新/补丁。不幸的是，所有 Windows 恢复选项都不起作用，我只能选择使用 Acronis True Image 恢复我之前完成的完整映像备份。恢复 Acronis 映像后，我能够正常启动 Windows，一切似乎都运行正常 — 直到我尝试更新 Windows。
尝试更新时，系统向我提供了累积更新号 KB5006670。同时等待的还有可选更新号 KB5006738。KB5006670 更新安装进行到 20% 时中断，并显示以下错误消息：
There were some problems installing updates, but we'll try again later.
If you keep seeing this and want to search the web or contact support for information, this may help: (0x800f0831)
重试不起作用，所以我尝试通过谷歌搜索错误代码 0x800f0831 来寻找解决方案。它引导我进入 Microsoft 网页https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/mem/configmgr/error-0x800f0831-installing-update。我按照说明尝试手动下载并安装更新号 KB5006670（以及 KB5006738）Microsoft 更新目录 https://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/Home.aspx。两次手动更新安装均失败并显示以下消息：
Some updates were not installed. The following update was not installed:
Security Update for Windows (KB5006670)
重试无效。我还尝试运行 sfc scannow 和 DISM，结果如下：
C:\WINDOWS\system32>DISM.exe /Online /Cleanup-image /Restorehealth
Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool
Version: 10.0.19041.844
Image Version: 10.0.19043.1202
[==========================100.0%==========================]
Error: 0x800f081f
The source files could not be found.
Use the "Source" option to specify the location of the files that are required to restore the feature. For more information on specifying a source location, see https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=243077.
The DISM log file can be found at C:\WINDOWS\Logs\DISM\dism.log
C:\WINDOWS\system32>sfc /scannow
Beginning system scan. This process will take some time.
Beginning verification phase of system scan.
Verification 100% complete.
Windows Resource Protection did not find any integrity violations.
目前我处于无法修补 Windows 的境地。有什么想法可以尝试下一步吗？我不想将 Windows 恢复为“出厂设置”。任何帮助都将不胜感激，非常感谢。
编辑于2021.11.20：
@Ramhound。请从路径中找到以下 Windows 更新日志%systemroot%\Logs\CBS。我不是 Windows 日志专家，我应该寻找什么？我还应该导出 .etl 文件吗？（我确实检查过它们，它们似乎包含大量行，甚至在启动后也是如此）。
2021-11-20 14:07:35, Info CBS TI: --- Initializing Trusted Installer ---
2021-11-20 14:07:35, Info CBS TI: Last boot time: 2021-11-20 13:07:19.229
2021-11-20 14:07:35, Info CBS Starting TrustedInstaller initialization.
2021-11-20 14:07:35, Info CBS Lock: New lock added: CCbsPublicSessionClassFactory, level: 30, total lock:4
2021-11-20 14:07:35, Info CBS Lock: New lock added: CCbsPublicSessionClassFactory, level: 30, total lock:5
2021-11-20 14:07:35, Info CBS Lock: New lock added: WinlogonNotifyLock, level: 8, total lock:6
2021-11-20 14:07:35, Info CBS Ending TrustedInstaller initialization.
2021-11-20 14:07:35, Info CBS Starting the TrustedInstaller main loop.
2021-11-20 14:07:35, Info CBS TrustedInstaller service starts successfully.
2021-11-20 14:07:35, Info CBS No startup processing required, TrustedInstaller service was not set as autostart
2021-11-20 14:07:35, Info CBS Startup processing thread terminated normally
2021-11-20 14:07:35, Info CBS TI: Startup Processing completes, release startup processing lock.
2021-11-20 14:07:35, Info CBS Starting TiWorker initialization.
2021-11-20 14:07:35, Info CBS Lock: New lock added: TiWorkerClassFactory, level: 30, total lock:2
2021-11-20 14:07:35, Info CBS Ending TiWorker initialization.
2021-11-20 14:07:35, Info CBS Starting the TiWorker main loop.
2021-11-20 14:07:35, Info CBS TiWorker starts successfully.
2021-11-20 14:07:35, Info CBS Lock: New lock added: CCbsWorker, level: 5, total lock:3
2021-11-20 14:07:35, Info CBS Universal Time is: 2021-11-20 12:07:35.928
2021-11-20 14:07:35, Info CBS Loaded Servicing Stack v10.0.19041.1310 with Core: C:\WINDOWS\winsxs\amd64_microsoft-windows-servicingstack_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.19041.1310_none_7e15ec207c87d405\cbscore.dll
2021-11-20 14:07:35, Info CBS Build: 19041.1.amd64fre.vb_release.191206-1406
2021-11-20 14:07:35, Info CSI 00000001@2021/11/20:12:07:35.934 WcpInitialize: wcp.dll version 10.0.19041.1310 (WinBuild.160101.0800)
2021-11-20 14:07:35, Info CBS Lock: New lock added: CCbsSessionManager, level: 11, total lock:9
2021-11-20 14:07:35, Info CBS Lock: New lock added: CSIInventoryCriticalSection, level: 64, total lock:10
2021-11-20 14:07:35, Info CBS NonStart: Set pending store consistency check.
2021-11-20 14:07:35, Info CBS Session: 30924295_882671711 initialized by client WinMgmt, external staging directory: (null), external registry directory: (null)
2021-11-20 14:07:36, Info CBS Appl:Feature On Demand package without explicit comparator, using GE on build version
2021-11-20 14:07:36, Info CBS Appl:Feature On Demand package without explicit comparator, using GE on build version
2021-11-20 14:07:36, Info CBS Package Format: PSFX
2021-11-20 14:07:36, Info CBS Package Format: PSFX
2021-11-20 14:07:36, Info CBS Package Format: PSFX
2021-11-20 14:07:36, Info CBS Appl:LCU package and revision compare set to explicit
2021-11-20 14:07:36, Info CBS Package Format: PSFX
2021-11-20 14:07:36, Info CBS Session: 30924295_882671711 finalized. Reboot required: no [HRESULT = 0x00000000 - S_OK]
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS Trusted Installer is shutting down because: SHUTDOWN_REASON_AUTOSTOP
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS TiWorker signaled for shutdown, going to exit.
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS Deleting the contents of directory: \\?\C:\WINDOWS\CbsTemp
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS Deletion of: \\?\C:\WINDOWS\CbsTemp successful
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS CbsCoreFinalize: ExecutionEngineFinalize
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS Execution Engine Finalize
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS Execution Engine Finalize
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS Lock: Lock removed: TiWorkerClassFactory, level: 30, total lock:3
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS Lock: Lock removed: CCbsWorker, level: 5, total lock:2
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS Ending the TiWorker main loop.
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS Starting TiWorker finalization.
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS CbsCoreFinalize: ExecutionEngineFinalize
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS CBS Engine already deactivated
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS CBS Engine already deactivated
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS CbsCoreFinalize: ComponentAnalyzerFinalize
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS CbsCoreFinalize: PackageTrackerFinalize
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS CbsCoreFinalize: CoreResourcesUnload
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS CbsCoreFinalize: SessionManagerFinalize
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS Lock: Lock removed: CSIInventoryCriticalSection, level: 64, total lock:10
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS Lock: Lock removed: CCbsSessionManager, level: 11, total lock:9
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS CbsCoreFinalize: CapabilityManagerFinalize
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS CbsCoreFinalize: PublicObjectMonitorFinalize
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS CbsCoreFinalize: Enter vCoreInitializeLock
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS CbsCoreFinalize: WcpUnload
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS CbsCoreFinalize: DrupUnload
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS CbsCoreFinalize: CfgMgr32Unload
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS CbsCoreFinalize: DpxUnload
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS CbsCoreFinalize: SrUnload
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS CbsCoreFinalize: CbsEsdUnload
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS CbsCoreFinalize: CbsTraceInfoUninitialize
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS CbsCoreFinalize: CbsEventUnregister
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS CbsCoreFinalize: AppContainerUnload
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS CbsCoreFinalize: WdsUnload, logging from cbscore will end.
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS Ending TiWorker finalization.
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS Ending the TrustedInstaller main loop.
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS Starting TrustedInstaller finalization.
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS Lock: Lock removed: WinlogonNotifyLock, level: 8, total lock:6
2021-11-20 14:09:37, Info CBS Ending TrustedInstaller finalization.
编辑2：我使用此处找到的“Windows 10 升级工具”解决了该问题https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/software-download/windows10ISO将我的 Windows 升级到 21H2。我认为此升级包括所有相关更新，此后我没有遇到任何更新问题。
答案1
尝试在安全模式下重新启动。有些人报告说这可以解决问题。
另一个人声称就地升级对他们有用（但并不适合所有人）https://www.reddit.com/r/techsupport/comments/qmka4t/cannot_install_kb5006670_update_see_post_for/hjlqwou/?utm_source=reddit&utm_medium=web2x&context=3
答案2
正如我在最初编辑的问题中提到的那样：我已经通过使用此处的“Windows 10 升级工具”解决了该问题https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/software-download/windows10ISO它将我的 Windows 升级到了 21H2。我假设此升级包括所有相关更新，此后我再也没有遇到任何更新问题。因此可以关闭此主题。