我正在使用 FLIR Boson 热成像相机，其“视频”输出由“一秒长”的多页 TIFF 文件序列组成。
帧速率可变，但平均为 8.6 fps。因此，每个 TIFF 最多可包含 9 个单色 16 位图像（示例 TIFF 可在此处下载）。
我想将多页 TIFFS 批量分割成单独的图像 - 首先是为了处理，而且我也可以从它们创建无损视频（使用 FFMPEG）。
但是，我不知道如何提取时间戳完整的各个帧（根据FLIR TIFF 文档它在元数据中记录为Exif.Photo.DateTimeOriginal。但 EXIFTool 不会显示它——请参阅 的输出exiftool -a -G1 -s Boson_Capture.tiff：
[ExifTool] ExifToolVersion : 12.30
[System] FileName : Boson_Capture.tiff
[System] Directory : .
[System] FileSize : 5.6 MiB
[System] FileModifyDate : 2022:05:06 16:54:24-04:00
[System] FileAccessDate : 2022:05:06 19:54:06-04:00
[System] FileInodeChangeDate : 2022:05:06 19:54:04-04:00
[System] FilePermissions : -rw-------
[File] FileType : TIFF
[File] FileTypeExtension : tif
[File] MIMEType : image/tiff
[File] ExifByteOrder : Little-endian (Intel, II)
[IFD0] ImageWidth : 640
[IFD0] ImageHeight : 512
[IFD0] BitsPerSample : 16
[IFD0] Compression : Uncompressed
[IFD0] PhotometricInterpretation : BlackIsZero
[IFD0] FillOrder : Normal
[IFD0] StripOffsets : 8
[IFD0] Orientation : Horizontal (normal)
[IFD0] SamplesPerPixel : 1
[IFD0] RowsPerStrip : 512
[IFD0] StripByteCounts : 655360
[IFD0] XResolution : 1
[IFD0] YResolution : 1
[IFD0] PlanarConfiguration : Chunky
[IFD0] ResolutionUnit : None
[IFD0] PageNumber : 0 2
[IFD0] Software : 7CTiff - FLIR Systems, Indigo Operations
[IFD0] SampleFormat : Unsigned
[IFD1] ImageWidth : 640
[IFD1] ImageHeight : 512
[IFD1] BitsPerSample : 16
[IFD1] Compression : Uncompressed
[IFD1] PhotometricInterpretation : BlackIsZero
[IFD1] FillOrder : Normal
[IFD1] StripOffsets : 655662
[IFD1] Orientation : Horizontal (normal)
[IFD1] SamplesPerPixel : 1
[IFD1] RowsPerStrip : 512
[IFD1] StripByteCounts : 655360
[IFD1] XResolution : 1
[IFD1] YResolution : 1
[IFD1] PlanarConfiguration : Chunky
[IFD1] ResolutionUnit : None
[IFD1] PageNumber : 1 3
[IFD1] Software : 7CTiff - FLIR Systems, Indigo Operations
[IFD1] SampleFormat : Unsigned
[IFD2] ImageWidth : 640
[IFD2] ImageHeight : 512
[IFD2] BitsPerSample : 16
[IFD2] Compression : Uncompressed
[IFD2] PhotometricInterpretation : BlackIsZero
[IFD2] FillOrder : Normal
[IFD2] StripOffsets : 1311316
[IFD2] Orientation : Horizontal (normal)
[IFD2] SamplesPerPixel : 1
[IFD2] RowsPerStrip : 512
[IFD2] StripByteCounts : 655360
[IFD2] XResolution : 1
[IFD2] YResolution : 1
[IFD2] PlanarConfiguration : Chunky
[IFD2] ResolutionUnit : None
[IFD2] PageNumber : 2 4
[IFD2] Software : 7CTiff - FLIR Systems, Indigo Operations
[IFD2] SampleFormat : Unsigned
[IFD3] ImageWidth : 640
[IFD3] ImageHeight : 512
[IFD3] BitsPerSample : 16
[IFD3] Compression : Uncompressed
[IFD3] PhotometricInterpretation : BlackIsZero
[IFD3] FillOrder : Normal
[IFD3] StripOffsets : 1966970
[IFD3] Orientation : Horizontal (normal)
[IFD3] SamplesPerPixel : 1
[IFD3] RowsPerStrip : 512
[IFD3] StripByteCounts : 655360
[IFD3] XResolution : 1
[IFD3] YResolution : 1
[IFD3] PlanarConfiguration : Chunky
[IFD3] ResolutionUnit : None
[IFD3] PageNumber : 3 5
[IFD3] Software : 7CTiff - FLIR Systems, Indigo Operations
[IFD3] SampleFormat : Unsigned
[IFD4] ImageWidth : 640
[IFD4] ImageHeight : 512
[IFD4] BitsPerSample : 16
[IFD4] Compression : Uncompressed
[IFD4] PhotometricInterpretation : BlackIsZero
[IFD4] FillOrder : Normal
[IFD4] StripOffsets : 2622624
[IFD4] Orientation : Horizontal (normal)
[IFD4] SamplesPerPixel : 1
[IFD4] RowsPerStrip : 512
[IFD4] StripByteCounts : 655360
[IFD4] XResolution : 1
[IFD4] YResolution : 1
[IFD4] PlanarConfiguration : Chunky
[IFD4] ResolutionUnit : None
[IFD4] PageNumber : 4 6
[IFD4] Software : 7CTiff - FLIR Systems, Indigo Operations
[IFD4] SampleFormat : Unsigned
[IFD5] ImageWidth : 640
[IFD5] ImageHeight : 512
[IFD5] BitsPerSample : 16
[IFD5] Compression : Uncompressed
[IFD5] PhotometricInterpretation : BlackIsZero
[IFD5] FillOrder : Normal
[IFD5] StripOffsets : 3278278
[IFD5] Orientation : Horizontal (normal)
[IFD5] SamplesPerPixel : 1
[IFD5] RowsPerStrip : 512
[IFD5] StripByteCounts : 655360
[IFD5] XResolution : 1
[IFD5] YResolution : 1
[IFD5] PlanarConfiguration : Chunky
[IFD5] ResolutionUnit : None
[IFD5] PageNumber : 5 7
[IFD5] Software : 7CTiff - FLIR Systems, Indigo Operations
[IFD5] SampleFormat : Unsigned
[IFD6] ImageWidth : 640
[IFD6] ImageHeight : 512
[IFD6] BitsPerSample : 16
[IFD6] Compression : Uncompressed
[IFD6] PhotometricInterpretation : BlackIsZero
[IFD6] FillOrder : Normal
[IFD6] StripOffsets : 3933932
[IFD6] Orientation : Horizontal (normal)
[IFD6] SamplesPerPixel : 1
[IFD6] RowsPerStrip : 512
[IFD6] StripByteCounts : 655360
[IFD6] XResolution : 1
[IFD6] YResolution : 1
[IFD6] PlanarConfiguration : Chunky
[IFD6] ResolutionUnit : None
[IFD6] PageNumber : 6 8
[IFD6] Software : 7CTiff - FLIR Systems, Indigo Operations
[IFD6] SampleFormat : Unsigned
[IFD7] ImageWidth : 640
[IFD7] ImageHeight : 512
[IFD7] BitsPerSample : 16
[IFD7] Compression : Uncompressed
[IFD7] PhotometricInterpretation : BlackIsZero
[IFD7] FillOrder : Normal
[IFD7] StripOffsets : 4589586
[IFD7] Orientation : Horizontal (normal)
[IFD7] SamplesPerPixel : 1
[IFD7] RowsPerStrip : 512
[IFD7] StripByteCounts : 655360
[IFD7] XResolution : 1
[IFD7] YResolution : 1
[IFD7] PlanarConfiguration : Chunky
[IFD7] ResolutionUnit : None
[IFD7] PageNumber : 7 9
[IFD7] Software : 7CTiff - FLIR Systems, Indigo Operations
[IFD7] SampleFormat : Unsigned
[IFD8] ImageWidth : 640
[IFD8] ImageHeight : 512
[IFD8] BitsPerSample : 16
[IFD8] Compression : Uncompressed
[IFD8] PhotometricInterpretation : BlackIsZero
[IFD8] FillOrder : Normal
[IFD8] StripOffsets : 5245240
[IFD8] Orientation : Horizontal (normal)
[IFD8] SamplesPerPixel : 1
[IFD8] RowsPerStrip : 512
[IFD8] StripByteCounts : 655360
[IFD8] XResolution : 1
[IFD8] YResolution : 1
[IFD8] PlanarConfiguration : Chunky
[IFD8] ResolutionUnit : None
[IFD8] PageNumber : 8 8
[IFD8] Software : 7CTiff - FLIR Systems, Indigo Operations
[IFD8] SampleFormat : Unsigned
[Composite] ImageSize : 640x512
[Composite] Megapixels : 0.328
我尝试过的所有分割 TIFF 的方法（例如 ImageMagick、ImageJ）似乎也删除了元数据。有没有办法从命令行批量分割这些文件并保留时间戳？
答案1
您共享的文件不符合您链接的规范。
第 3.5 节规定“如果是多图像文件，第一个 IFD 将具有 FrameRate，其余的则没有”。这里的情况并非如此，每个 IFD 都有 18 个条目，并且 FrameRate 标签没有出现在任何一个条目中。
第 3.3.1 节规定“将会有值为 0x8769 和 0x8825 的私有标签指向自定义 IFD”。这两个都不存在。您可以看到，使用exiftool和 还可以列出所有标签，tiffdump并且两者都不显示这些标签：
tiffdump Boson_Capture.tiff
Boson_Capture.tiff:
Magic: 0x4949 <little-endian> Version: 0x2a <ClassicTIFF>
Directory 0: offset 655368 (0xa0008) next 1311022 (0x14012e)
ImageWidth (256) SHORT (3) 1<640>
ImageLength (257) SHORT (3) 1<512>
BitsPerSample (258) SHORT (3) 1<16>
Compression (259) SHORT (3) 1<1>
Photometric (262) SHORT (3) 1<1>
FillOrder (266) SHORT (3) 1<1>
StripOffsets (273) LONG (4) 1<8>
Orientation (274) SHORT (3) 1<1>
SamplesPerPixel (277) SHORT (3) 1<1>
RowsPerStrip (278) SHORT (3) 1<512>
StripByteCounts (279) LONG (4) 1<655360>
XResolution (282) RATIONAL (5) 1<1>
YResolution (283) RATIONAL (5) 1<1>
PlanarConfig (284) SHORT (3) 1<1>
ResolutionUnit (296) SHORT (3) 1<1>
PageNumber (297) SHORT (3) 2<0 2>
Software (305) ASCII (2) 56<7CTiff - FLIR Systems, I ...>
SampleFormat (339) SHORT (3) 1<1>
...其他 IFD 也是如此。
如果你完全放弃规范的正确性，并尝试在格式中找到任何看起来像日期的东西“EXIF 扩展部分”链接规范：
Exif.Photo.DateTimeOriginal value
offset value
-----------------------------
3630 32 30 31 31 3a 30 32 3a 31 30
20 31 34 3a 31 31 3a 32 37 00 ascii "2011:02:10 14:11:27"
您可以使用strings类似grep这样的方法来搜索后跟冒号的 4 位数字年份：
strings Boson_Capture.tiff| grep -E "\d{4}:"
再次进行，但要进行偏移，以防它恰好跨越线边界：
tail -c +8 Boson_Capture.tiff | strings | grep -E "\d{4}:"
但你不会找到这样的东西。