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如何在 Arch Linux 上获取 CUDA 11.7？

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如何在 Arch Linux 上获取 CUDA 11.7？

这应该很简单，pacman 搜索它，如果没有，yay 搜索它，如果没有，尝试找到它的其他 AUR。如果这些都不起作用，请使用 Nvidia 的官方二进制 blob。

除了没有 CUDA 11.7 的 AUR 版本，也没有任何与 Arch 兼容的 Nvidia 二进制安装程序或二进制包。Debian 的 11.7 CUDA 安装程序可以在 Debian 系统上运行（我已经测试过了），但它在 Arch Linux 上不起作用，它会出现与编译器和其他问题相关的各种错误（如果你强制编译器使用 --override）。

如何在 Arch Linux 上获取 CUDA 11.7？

答案1

您可以使用官方 cuda 软件包的旧版本。它具有很少的依赖项（对于 cuda 11.8 gcc11，需要opencl-nvidia、nvidia-utils和python），因此在较新的系统上安装它应该可以工作。

您可以在以下位置找到旧的二进制包Arch Linux 档案：https://archive.archlinux.org/packages/c/cuda/并使用sudo pacman -U <package file>

您还可以构建该软件包的旧版本。这样，您就可以将旧版 cuda 与其他版本一起安装。

例如我按照以下步骤安装了cuda 11.8：

  • 克隆 cuda 包存储库：git clone https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux/packaging/packages/cuda.git
  • cd cuda
  • 找到你想要的版本git tag --list
  • 将该版本加载到您的工作树中：（git switch --detach 11.8.0-1或git checkout 11.8.0-1）
  • 如果需要，请进行编辑PKGBUILD。我已更改软件包名称以避免与官方软件包冲突，更改了安装路径，并禁用了与官方软件包冲突的文件的安装（与pkgconfig或 中相关的任何文件/etc）。以下是差异：
diff --git a/PKGBUILD b/PKGBUILD
index e688b4c..0cffc67 100644
--- a/PKGBUILD
+++ b/PKGBUILD
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 # Maintainer: Sven-Hendrik Haase <[email protected]>
 # Maintainer: Konstantin Gizdov <[email protected]>
-pkgname=(cuda cuda-tools)
-pkgbase=cuda
+pkgname=(cuda11.8 cuda-tools11.8)
+pkgbase=cuda11.8
 pkgver=11.8.0
 _driverver=520.61.05
 pkgrel=1
 pkgdesc="NVIDIA's GPU programming toolkit"
 arch=('x86_64')
@@ -83,84 +83,84 @@ build() {
   local _prepdir="${srcdir}/prep"
 
   cd "${srcdir}/builds"
 
   rm -r NVIDIA*.run bin
-  mkdir -p "${_prepdir}/opt/cuda/extras"
-  mv integration nsight_compute nsight_systems EULA.txt "${_prepdir}/opt/cuda"
-  mv cuda_demo_suite/extras/demo_suite "${_prepdir}/opt/cuda/extras/demo_suite"
-  mv cuda_sanitizer_api/compute-sanitizer "${_prepdir}/opt/cuda/extras/compute-sanitizer"
+  mkdir -p "${_prepdir}/opt/cuda11.8/extras"
+  mv integration nsight_compute nsight_systems EULA.txt "${_prepdir}/opt/cuda11.8"
+  mv cuda_demo_suite/extras/demo_suite "${_prepdir}/opt/cuda11.8/extras/demo_suite"
+  mv cuda_sanitizer_api/compute-sanitizer "${_prepdir}/opt/cuda11.8/extras/compute-sanitizer"
   rmdir cuda_sanitizer_api
   for lib in *; do
     if [[ "$lib" =~ .*"version.json".* ]]; then
       continue
     fi
-    cp -r $lib/* "${_prepdir}/opt/cuda/"
+    cp -r $lib/* "${_prepdir}/opt/cuda11.8/"
   done
 
   # Delete some unnecessary files
-  rm -r "${_prepdir}"/opt/cuda/bin/cuda-uninstaller
+  rm -r "${_prepdir}"/opt/cuda11.8/bin/cuda-uninstaller
 
   # Define compilers for CUDA to use.
   # This allows us to use older versions of GCC if we have to.
-  ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-11 "${_prepdir}/opt/cuda/bin/gcc"
-  ln -s /usr/bin/g++-11 "${_prepdir}/opt/cuda/bin/g++"
+  ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-11 "${_prepdir}/opt/cuda11.8/bin/gcc"
+  ln -s /usr/bin/g++-11 "${_prepdir}/opt/cuda11.8/bin/g++"
 
   # Install profile and ld.so.config files
-  install -Dm755 "${srcdir}/cuda.sh" "${_prepdir}/etc/profile.d/cuda.sh"
-  install -Dm644 "${srcdir}/cuda.conf" "${_prepdir}/etc/ld.so.conf.d/cuda.conf"
+  #install -Dm755 "${srcdir}/cuda.sh" "${_prepdir}/etc/profile.d/cuda.sh"
+  #install -Dm644 "${srcdir}/cuda.conf" "${_prepdir}/etc/ld.so.conf.d/cuda.conf"
 
   # Install pkgconfig files
-  mkdir -p "$_prepdir"/usr/lib/pkgconfig
-  cp "${srcdir}"/*.pc "${_prepdir}"/usr/lib/pkgconfig
+  #mkdir -p "$_prepdir"/usr/lib/pkgconfig
+  #cp "${srcdir}"/*.pc "${_prepdir}"/usr/lib/pkgconfig
 
   mkdir -p "${_prepdir}/usr/share/licenses/${pkgname}"
-  ln -s /opt/cuda/EULA.txt "${_prepdir}/usr/share/licenses/${pkgname}/EULA.txt"
-  ln -s /opt/cuda/README "${_prepdir}/usr/share/licenses/${pkgname}/README"
+  ln -s /opt/cuda11.8/EULA.txt "${_prepdir}/usr/share/licenses/${pkgname}/EULA.txt"
+  ln -s /opt/cuda11.8/README "${_prepdir}/usr/share/licenses/${pkgname}/README"
 
   # Allow newer compilers to work. This is not officially supported in the Arch package but
   # if users want to try, let them try.
   # See https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/index.html#system-requirements
   # for official requirements
-  sed -i "/.*unsupported GNU version.*/d" "${_prepdir}"/opt/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/include/crt/host_config.h
-  sed -i "/.*unsupported clang version.*/d" "${_prepdir}"/opt/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/include/crt/host_config.h
+  sed -i "/.*unsupported GNU version.*/d" "${_prepdir}"/opt/cuda11.8/targets/x86_64-linux/include/crt/host_config.h
+  sed -i "/.*unsupported clang version.*/d" "${_prepdir}"/opt/cuda11.8/targets/x86_64-linux/include/crt/host_config.h
 
   # Fix Makefile paths to CUDA
-  for f in $(find "$_prepdir"/opt/cuda -name Makefile); do
-    sed -i "s|/usr/local/cuda|/opt/cuda|g" "$f"
+  for f in $(find "$_prepdir"/opt/cuda11.8 -name Makefile); do
+    sed -i "s|/usr/local/cuda|/opt/cuda11.8|g" "$f"
   done
 }
 
-package_cuda() {
+package_cuda11.8() {
   replaces=('cuda-toolkit' 'cuda-sdk' 'cuda-static')
   provides=('cuda-toolkit' 'cuda-sdk' 'libcudart.so' 'libcublas.so' 'libcusolver.so' 'libcusparse.so')
   optdepends=('gdb: for cuda-gdb'
               'glu: required for some profiling tools in CUPTI')
 
   local _prepdir="${srcdir}/prep"
 
   cd "${_prepdir}"
   cp -al * "${pkgdir}"
   # remove broken links
-  rm "${pkgdir}"/opt/cuda/include/include
-  rm "${pkgdir}"/opt/cuda/lib64/lib64
+  rm "${pkgdir}"/opt/cuda11.8/include/include
+  rm "${pkgdir}"/opt/cuda11.8/lib64/lib64
 
-  rm -r "${pkgdir}"/opt/cuda/{bin/nvvp,bin/computeprof,libnvvp,nsight*}
+  rm -r "${pkgdir}"/opt/cuda11.8/{bin/nvvp,bin/computeprof,libnvvp,nsight*}
 }
 
-package_cuda-tools() {
+package_cuda-tools11.8() {
   pkgdesc="NVIDIA's GPU programming toolkit (extra tools: nvvp, nsight)"
   depends=('cuda' 'java-runtime=8' 'nss')
   optdepends=('perl: required by some NVVP plugins')
 
   local _prepdir="${srcdir}/prep"
 
-  mkdir -p "${pkgdir}/opt/cuda/bin"
-  mv "${_prepdir}"/opt/cuda/nsight* "${pkgdir}/opt/cuda"
-  mv "${_prepdir}"/opt/cuda/bin/nvvp "${pkgdir}/opt/cuda/bin/nvvp"
-  mv "${_prepdir}"/opt/cuda/bin/computeprof "${pkgdir}/opt/cuda/bin/computeprof"
-  mv "${_prepdir}"/opt/cuda/libnvvp "${pkgdir}/opt/cuda"
+  mkdir -p "${pkgdir}/opt/cuda11.8/bin"
+  mv "${_prepdir}"/opt/cuda11.8/nsight* "${pkgdir}/opt/cuda11.8"
+  mv "${_prepdir}"/opt/cuda11.8/bin/nvvp "${pkgdir}/opt/cuda11.8/bin/nvvp"
+  mv "${_prepdir}"/opt/cuda11.8/bin/computeprof "${pkgdir}/opt/cuda11.8/bin/computeprof"
+  mv "${_prepdir}"/opt/cuda11.8/libnvvp "${pkgdir}/opt/cuda11.8"
 
   # licenses
   mkdir -p "${pkgdir}/usr/share/licenses"
   ln -s /usr/share/licenses/cuda "${pkgdir}/usr/share/licenses/${pkgname}"
 }
  • 使用以下方式构建包makepkg
  • 使用sudo pacman -U cuda11.8-11.8.0-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst和安装sudo pacman -U cuda-tools11.8-11.8.0-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst
  • 更改shell 中的PATH和CUDA_HOME，以便其他软件使用此版本：
export PATH="/opt/cuda11.8/bin:$PATH"
export CUDA_HOME="/opt/cuda11.8"

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