背景
我的双磁盘 Synology DS14+ 无法开机，我想要访问我的 Ubuntu 电脑上的 HDD 中存储的文件。我尝试按照官方指南进行操作Synology 常见问题解答但我在安装时总是出现以下错误：
mount: /home/test: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/mapper/vg1-volume_2 missing codepage or helper program, or other error.
尝试运行时发生以下错误mdadm vgchange：
mdadm: Found some drive for an array that is already active: /dev/md/diskstation:3
mdadm: giving up.
mdadm: No arrays found in config file or automatically
主要问题/目标：
我试图使用 mdadm 在我的计算机上挂载并访问 LVM 分区，但仍然遇到mount: /home/test: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/mapper/vg1-volume_2 missing codepage or helper program错误。
我搜索了 StackExchange 并在这里找到了类似的帖子： 如何？在 Synology Box 之外安装、查找和恢复 HDD 中的数据与此相关的是：恢复 NAS 损坏硬盘的数据（SHR 和 Brtf 格式）但没有人能够解决我的问题。
输出和错误：
这是执行以下语句时的输出Synology 常见问题解答：
root@pop-os:~# apt-get install -y mdadm lvm2
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
lvm2 is already the newest version (2.03.11-2.1ubuntu4).
mdadm is already the newest version (4.2-0ubuntu2).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded.
root@pop-os:~# mdadm -AsfR && vgchange -ay
mdadm: Found some drive for an array that is already active: /dev/md/diskstation:3
mdadm: giving up.
mdadm: No arrays found in config file or automatically
root@pop-os:~# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1] [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10]
md127 : active raid1 sdb3[0]
2925444544 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
unused devices: <none>
root@pop-os:~# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
syno_vg_reserved_area vg1 -wi-a----- 12.00m
volume_2 vg1 -wi------- 2.72t
root@pop-os:~# mount /dev/vg1/volume_2 /home/test
mount: /home/test: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/mapper/vg1-volume_2, missing codepage or helper program, or other error.
我尝试运行以下命令扫描和变化量：
root@pop-os:~# vgscan
Found volume group "vg1" using metadata type lvm2
root@pop-os:~# vgscan --mknodes
Found volume group "vg1" using metadata type lvm2
root@pop-os:~# vgchange -ay
2 logical volume(s) in volume group "vg1" now active
root@pop-os:~# mount /dev/vg1/volume_2 /home/test
mount: /home/test: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/mapper/vg1-volume_2, missing codepage or helper program, or other error.
lvs和lv显示器显示卷的名称以及位于 vg1 下的内容：
root@pop-os:~# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
syno_vg_reserved_area vg1 -wi-a----- 12.00m
volume_2 vg1 -wi-a----- 2.72t
root@pop-os:~# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg1/syno_vg_reserved_area
LV Name syno_vg_reserved_area
VG Name vg1
LV UUID qdZODQ-1iEc-CYkk-kcgh-oJiG-bn3C-9Uadal
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time ,
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 12.00 MiB
Current LE 3
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg1/volume_2
LV Name volume_2
VG Name vg1
LV UUID rBUb9q-DHGA-Tfua-7YOY-EPIF-3rUN-fx2kzj
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time ,
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 2.72 TiB
Current LE 714216
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:1
输出lvmdiskscan和lsblk：
root@pop-os:~# ls -l /dev/vg1/
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Oct 10 2023 syno_vg_reserved_area -> ../dm-0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Oct 10 2023 volume_2 -> ../dm-1
root@pop-os:~# ls -l /dev/md/
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Oct 10 03:29 diskstation:3 -> ../md127
root@pop-os:~# lsblk -f
NAME FSTYPE FSVER LABEL UUID FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINTS
loop0 squash 4.0 0 100% /rofs
sda
├─sda1 linux_ 0.90. b9851fd5-4767-b72b-3017-a5a8c86610be
├─sda2 linux_ 0.90. 0217a53e-367a-5599-439b-08c7bd6ed266 [SWAP]
└─sda3 linux_ 1.2 diskstation:3 75f2a0ea-3302-b22c-96b2-8e88615d88fb
sdb
├─sdb1 linux_ 0.90. 0cef974a-8c64-a3f2-3017-a5a8c86610be
├─sdb2 linux_ 0.90. c42d7fa3-015d-d340-3017-a5a8c86610be [SWAP]
└─sdb3 linux_ 1.2 diskstation:3 75f2a0ea-3302-b22c-96b2-8e88615d88fb
└─md127 LVM2_m LVM2 ab4QcM-j5Fn-iDLH-1a3y-Ofa9-5aQc-qFCLvY
├─vg1-syno_vg_reserved_area
│
└─vg1-volume_2
btrfs 2016.05.07-00:06:21 v7321 8710bcd6-baae-4824-a852-feedbc516824
zram0 [SWAP]
root@pop-os:~# lsblk -e7
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda 8:0 0 2.7T 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 2.4G 0 part
├─sda2 8:2 0 2G 0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3 8:3 0 2.7T 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 2.7T 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 2.4G 0 part
├─sdb2 8:18 0 2G 0 part [SWAP]
└─sdb3 8:19 0 2.7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 2.7T 0 raid1
├─vg1-syno_vg_reserved_area 253:0 0 12M 0 lvm
└─vg1-volume_2 253:1 0 2.7T 0 lvm
zram0 252:0 0 5.7G 0 disk [SWAP]
这是输出mdadm——检查：
root@pop-os:~# mdadm --examine /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb:
MBR Magic : aa55
Partition[0] : 4294967295 sectors at 1 (type ee)
root@pop-os:~# mdadm --stop /dev/md127
mdadm: Cannot get exclusive access to /dev/md127:Perhaps a running process, mounted filesystem or active volume group?
root@pop-os:~# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
vg1 1 2 0 wz--n- 2.72t 0
显示：
root@pop-os:~# mount /dev/mapper/vg1-lv /home/pop-os/syn
root@pop-os:/dev/mapper# ls -l
total 0
crw------- 1 root root 10, 236 Oct 10 2023 control
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Oct 10 2023 vg1-syno_vg_reserved_area -> ../dm-0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Oct 10 2023 vg1-volume_2 -> ../dm-1
root@pop-os:/dev/mapper# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg1
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 2.72 TiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 714219
Alloc PE / Size 714219 / 2.72 TiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID txidbY-halS-kzkQ-Fssb-C3R3-NNkv-YeDMlb
对于磁盘管理：
root@pop-os:~# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/loop0: 2.1 GiB, 2257199104 bytes, 4408592 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sda: 2.73 TiB, 3000592982016 bytes, 5860533168 sectors
Disk model: WDC WD30EFRX-68E
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: D81DA5E3-C00F-4E9C-815A-CFECC250EF81
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 2048 4982527 4980480 2.4G Linux RAID
/dev/sda2 4982528 9176831 4194304 2G Linux RAID
/dev/sda3 9437184 5860328351 5850891168 2.7T Linux RAID
Disk /dev/sdb: 2.73 TiB, 3000592982016 bytes, 5860533168 sectors
Disk model: WDC WD30EFRX-68E
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 1567D041-B970-4EEC-BC43-27B17D7BBF9A
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 4982527 4980480 2.4G Linux RAID
/dev/sdb2 4982528 9176831 4194304 2G Linux RAID
/dev/sdb3 9437184 5860328351 5850891168 2.7T Linux RAID
Disk /dev/md127: 2.72 TiB, 2995655213056 bytes, 5850889088 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/vg1-syno_vg_reserved_area: 12 MiB, 12582912 bytes, 24576 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/vg1-volume_2: 2.72 TiB, 2995639025664 bytes, 5850857472 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
截图
** 我已经尽我所能，阅读了相当多的帖子，但似乎无法让它工作 :( 非常感谢您的帮助！**