如何“重新链接”大量损坏的符号链接？

Question 1

没有命令可以重定向符号链接，您所能做的就是删除它并创建另一个。假设您有 GNU 实用程序（例如，在非嵌入式 Linux 或 Cygwin 下），您可以使用主要-lname的来find按目标匹配符号链接，并readlink读取链接的内容。未经测试：

find /mnt/home/someone/something -lname '/home/someone/*' \
     -exec sh -c 'ln -snf "/mnt$(readlink "$1")" "$1"' sh {} \;

最好使这些符号链接具有相对性。假设ln来自 GNU coreutils 8.22，只需将该-r选项传递ln给其他选项，它就会将目标转换为相对路径。对于较旧的系统或批量重写有效链接，有一个方便的小实用程序，称为symlinks（最初由 Mark Lord，现在由 J. Brandt Buckley 维护），存在于许多 Linux 发行版中。

在移动之前，或者在如上所述恢复有效链接之后，运行symlinks -c /mnt/home/someone/something将指定目录下的所有绝对符号链接转换为相对符号链接，除非它们跨越文件系统边界。

Answer

没有命令可以重定向符号链接，您所能做的就是删除它并创建另一个。假设您有 GNU 实用程序（例如，在非嵌入式 Linux 或 Cygwin 下），您可以使用主要-lname的来find按目标匹配符号链接，并readlink读取链接的内容。未经测试：

find /mnt/home/someone/something -lname '/home/someone/*' \
     -exec sh -c 'ln -snf "/mnt$(readlink "$1")" "$1"' sh {} \;

最好使这些符号链接具有相对性。假设ln来自 GNU coreutils 8.22，只需将该-r选项传递ln给其他选项，它就会将目标转换为相对路径。对于较旧的系统或批量重写有效链接，有一个方便的小实用程序，称为symlinks（最初由 Mark Lord，现在由 J. Brandt Buckley 维护），存在于许多 Linux 发行版中。

在移动之前，或者在如上所述恢复有效链接之后，运行symlinks -c /mnt/home/someone/something将指定目录下的所有绝对符号链接转换为相对符号链接，除非它们跨越文件系统边界。

Question 2

我知道这并不完全是作者所要求的，但似乎他们已经有了答案，所以我为像我这样偶然发现这个问题的其他人添加这个答案。

如果需要更灵活的解决方案，例如有一堆损坏的符号链接，可以通过替换部分符号链接的目标来修复，以下内容应该会有所帮助。

例如。更改用户名后，在移动完成后，在许多链接的目标中用新用户名替换旧用户名。创建一个名为replace-simlinks 的脚本，如下所示：

#!/bin/bash
link=$1
# grab the target of the old link
target=$(readlink -- "$1")

# replace the first occurrence of oldusername with newusername in the target string
target=${target/oldusername/newusername}

# Test the link creation
echo ln -s -- "$target" "$link"

# If the above echo shows the correct commands are being issued, then uncomment the following lines and run the command again
#rm "$link"
#ln -s "$target" "$link"

并使用以下命令调用它：

find /home/newusername/ -lname '/home/oldusername/*' -exec ~/bin/replace-simlinks {} \;

希望这对某人有帮助

编辑：感谢 Gilles 启动此脚本以及有关使用符号链接脚本使链接相对的提示。

Answer

我知道这并不完全是作者所要求的，但似乎他们已经有了答案，所以我为像我这样偶然发现这个问题的其他人添加这个答案。

如果需要更灵活的解决方案，例如有一堆损坏的符号链接，可以通过替换部分符号链接的目标来修复，以下内容应该会有所帮助。

例如。更改用户名后，在移动完成后，在许多链接的目标中用新用户名替换旧用户名。创建一个名为replace-simlinks 的脚本，如下所示：

#!/bin/bash
link=$1
# grab the target of the old link
target=$(readlink -- "$1")

# replace the first occurrence of oldusername with newusername in the target string
target=${target/oldusername/newusername}

# Test the link creation
echo ln -s -- "$target" "$link"

# If the above echo shows the correct commands are being issued, then uncomment the following lines and run the command again
#rm "$link"
#ln -s "$target" "$link"

并使用以下命令调用它：

find /home/newusername/ -lname '/home/oldusername/*' -exec ~/bin/replace-simlinks {} \;

希望这对某人有帮助

编辑：感谢 Gilles 启动此脚本以及有关使用符号链接脚本使链接相对的提示。

Question 3

创建/home为的符号链接/mnt/home，所有现有符号链接将再次有效。

Answer

创建/home为的符号链接/mnt/home，所有现有符号链接将再次有效。

Question 4

我写了一个`fix_broken_symlinks`bash脚本工具：

我希望它能成为流行的的配套工具symlinks，它可以做一些其他有用的事情。

这是我的工具：

# find all broken symlinks
fix_broken_symlinks path/to/dir

# dry-run fix them
fix_broken_symlinks path/to/dir find_regex replacement_str

# actually fix them (passing `-f` to force it)
fix_broken_symlinks path/to/dir find_regex replacement_str -f

我付出了很多努力来获得非常漂亮且一致的输出。

运行示例：

/home/gabriel/GS/dev/RESEARCH$ fix_broken_symlinks . '/home/gabriel/GS/dev' '/home/gabriel/GS/dev/RESEARCH' -f
4 broken symlinks found!

************************************************************************
'--force' is on! Writing new **relative** symlinks!
************************************************************************

    1/4:    BROKEN: './lldb/Link to Debuggers_General' -> '/home/gabriel/GS/dev/Debuggers_General'
            FIXED : './lldb/Link to Debuggers_General' -> '/home/gabriel/GS/dev/RESEARCH/Debuggers_General'
            FINAL : './lldb/Link to Debuggers_General' -> '../Debuggers_General'
    2/4:    BROKEN: './Link to notes - Gabriel.odt' -> '/home/gabriel/GS/dev/notes - Gabriel.odt'
            FIXED : './Link to notes - Gabriel.odt' -> '/home/gabriel/GS/dev/RESEARCH/notes - Gabriel.odt'
            FINAL : './Link to notes - Gabriel.odt' -> 'notes - Gabriel.odt'
    3/4:    BROKEN: './books/Link to 104The Pragmatic Programmer, From Journeyman To Master - Andrew Hunt, David Thomas - Addison Wesley - 1999.pdf-1.desktop' -> '/home/gabriel/GS/dev/Design_Docs/104The Pragmatic Programmer, From Journeyman To Master - Andrew Hunt, David Thomas - Addison Wesley - 1999.pdf-1.desktop'
            FIXED : './books/Link to 104The Pragmatic Programmer, From Journeyman To Master - Andrew Hunt, David Thomas - Addison Wesley - 1999.pdf-1.desktop' -> '/home/gabriel/GS/dev/RESEARCH/Design_Docs/104The Pragmatic Programmer, From Journeyman To Master - Andrew Hunt, David Thomas - Addison Wesley - 1999.pdf-1.desktop'
            FINAL : './books/Link to 104The Pragmatic Programmer, From Journeyman To Master - Andrew Hunt, David Thomas - Addison Wesley - 1999.pdf-1.desktop' -> '../Design_Docs/104The Pragmatic Programmer, From Journeyman To Master - Andrew Hunt, David Thomas - Addison Wesley - 1999.pdf-1.desktop'
    4/4:    BROKEN: './books/TDD--James Grenning Test-Driven Dev for Embedded C/pragprog.com/Link to TDD_code' -> '/home/gabriel/GS/dev/books/TDD_code'
            FIXED : './books/TDD--James Grenning Test-Driven Dev for Embedded C/pragprog.com/Link to TDD_code' -> '/home/gabriel/GS/dev/RESEARCH/books/TDD_code'
            FINAL : './books/TDD--James Grenning Test-Driven Dev for Embedded C/pragprog.com/Link to TDD_code' -> '../../TDD_code'

************************************************************************
'--force' is on! New **relative** symlinks written!
************************************************************************

Run 'fix_broken_symlinks` "."' one more time to check if any symlinks are
still broken.

real    0m0.157s
user    0m0.101s
sys 0m0.086s

细节

我刚刚编写了一个工具，用来修复近 100 个损坏的符号链接。它被称为fix_broken_symlinks.sh，这是我的一部分eRCAGuy_dotfiles回购。

获取方法如下：

# download it and make it executable
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ElectricRCAircraftGuy/eRCaGuy_dotfiles/master/useful_scripts/fix_broken_symlinks.sh
chmod +x fix_broken_symlinks

# help menu, with tons of info., & examples
./fix_broken_symlinks -h

一般用法和示例：

# General usage
fix_broken_symlinks path/to/dir find_regex replacement_str

# (Dry run) fix all broken symlinks in the current dir (.) by replacing their
# target paths with John's home dir instead of Gabriel's.
fix_broken_symlinks . '/home/gabriel/some/dir' 'home/john/some/dir'

# Pass `-f` to force it to actually apply the changes
fix_broken_symlinks . '/home/gabriel/some/dir' 'home/john/some/dir' -f

从帮助菜单：

'fix_broken_symlinks' version 0.1.0

USAGE
    fix_broken_symlinks [options] <dir> [<find_regex> <replacement_string>]

DESCRIPTION

    Find all broken symlinks in directory 'dir', then extract the target paths they point to, search
    those paths for 'find_regex', and replace those findings with 'replacement_string'. Finally,
    recreate the symlinks as relative symlinks with those replacements to the target paths in
    place.

    If the 'find_regex' and 'replacement_string' are not provided, it will simply find and print out
    the broken symlinks as they currently are.

    All runs are dry-runs unless you use '--force'.

OPTIONS
    -h, -?, --help
        Print help menu
    -v, --version
        Print version information.
    --run_tests
        Run unit tests.
    -d, --debug
        Turn on debug prints.
    -f, --force
        Actually do the symlink replacements. With*out* this option, all runs are dry runs.

EXAMPLE USAGES:

    fix_broken_symlinks -h
        Print help menu.
    fix_broken_symlinks --help
        Print help menu.
    fix_broken_symlinks .
        Recursively find all broken symlinks in the current directory (.).
    fix_broken_symlinks . '/home/gabriel/some/dir' 'home/john/some/dir'
        (Dry run) fix all broken symlinks in the current dir (.) by replacing their target paths
        with John's home dir instead of Gabriel's.
    fix_broken_symlinks . '/home/gabriel/some/dir' 'home/john/some/dir' -f
        (Real run) fix all broken symlinks in the current dir (.) by replacing their target paths
        with John's home dir instead of Gabriel's. **Relative** symlinks will be created in the end.

我使用的其他工具有：

使用以下命令手动修复一次性损坏的符号链接：

注意：-n如果您要替换的符号链接是目录，则这是必需的。有关详细信息，请参阅以我的评论开头的讨论：如何“重新链接”大量损坏的符号链接？
```
# NB: **All** of these options are important, and what I want. See 'man ln' 
# for what each does.
ln -svnri target_path symlink_path
```
将所有符号链接从绝对符号链接转换为相对符号链接：
```
symlinks -rsvt .  # dry run
symlinks -rsvc .  # the real replacement
```
在 Ubuntu 中安装symlinks：
```
sudo add-apt-repository universe
sudo apt update
sudo apt install symlinks
```
看：https://www.makeuseof.com/how-to-find-and-fix-broken-symlinks-in-linux/

我写了一个`fix_broken_symlinks`bash脚本工具：

我希望它能成为流行的的配套工具symlinks，它可以做一些其他有用的事情。

这是我的工具：

# find all broken symlinks
fix_broken_symlinks path/to/dir

# dry-run fix them
fix_broken_symlinks path/to/dir find_regex replacement_str

# actually fix them (passing `-f` to force it)
fix_broken_symlinks path/to/dir find_regex replacement_str -f

我付出了很多努力来获得非常漂亮且一致的输出。

运行示例：

/home/gabriel/GS/dev/RESEARCH$ fix_broken_symlinks . '/home/gabriel/GS/dev' '/home/gabriel/GS/dev/RESEARCH' -f
4 broken symlinks found!

************************************************************************
'--force' is on! Writing new **relative** symlinks!
************************************************************************

    1/4:    BROKEN: './lldb/Link to Debuggers_General' -> '/home/gabriel/GS/dev/Debuggers_General'
            FIXED : './lldb/Link to Debuggers_General' -> '/home/gabriel/GS/dev/RESEARCH/Debuggers_General'
            FINAL : './lldb/Link to Debuggers_General' -> '../Debuggers_General'
    2/4:    BROKEN: './Link to notes - Gabriel.odt' -> '/home/gabriel/GS/dev/notes - Gabriel.odt'
            FIXED : './Link to notes - Gabriel.odt' -> '/home/gabriel/GS/dev/RESEARCH/notes - Gabriel.odt'
            FINAL : './Link to notes - Gabriel.odt' -> 'notes - Gabriel.odt'
    3/4:    BROKEN: './books/Link to 104The Pragmatic Programmer, From Journeyman To Master - Andrew Hunt, David Thomas - Addison Wesley - 1999.pdf-1.desktop' -> '/home/gabriel/GS/dev/Design_Docs/104The Pragmatic Programmer, From Journeyman To Master - Andrew Hunt, David Thomas - Addison Wesley - 1999.pdf-1.desktop'
            FIXED : './books/Link to 104The Pragmatic Programmer, From Journeyman To Master - Andrew Hunt, David Thomas - Addison Wesley - 1999.pdf-1.desktop' -> '/home/gabriel/GS/dev/RESEARCH/Design_Docs/104The Pragmatic Programmer, From Journeyman To Master - Andrew Hunt, David Thomas - Addison Wesley - 1999.pdf-1.desktop'
            FINAL : './books/Link to 104The Pragmatic Programmer, From Journeyman To Master - Andrew Hunt, David Thomas - Addison Wesley - 1999.pdf-1.desktop' -> '../Design_Docs/104The Pragmatic Programmer, From Journeyman To Master - Andrew Hunt, David Thomas - Addison Wesley - 1999.pdf-1.desktop'
    4/4:    BROKEN: './books/TDD--James Grenning Test-Driven Dev for Embedded C/pragprog.com/Link to TDD_code' -> '/home/gabriel/GS/dev/books/TDD_code'
            FIXED : './books/TDD--James Grenning Test-Driven Dev for Embedded C/pragprog.com/Link to TDD_code' -> '/home/gabriel/GS/dev/RESEARCH/books/TDD_code'
            FINAL : './books/TDD--James Grenning Test-Driven Dev for Embedded C/pragprog.com/Link to TDD_code' -> '../../TDD_code'

************************************************************************
'--force' is on! New **relative** symlinks written!
************************************************************************

Run 'fix_broken_symlinks` "."' one more time to check if any symlinks are
still broken.

real    0m0.157s
user    0m0.101s
sys 0m0.086s

细节

我刚刚编写了一个工具，用来修复近 100 个损坏的符号链接。它被称为fix_broken_symlinks.sh，这是我的一部分eRCAGuy_dotfiles回购。

获取方法如下：

# download it and make it executable
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ElectricRCAircraftGuy/eRCaGuy_dotfiles/master/useful_scripts/fix_broken_symlinks.sh
chmod +x fix_broken_symlinks

# help menu, with tons of info., & examples
./fix_broken_symlinks -h

一般用法和示例：

# General usage
fix_broken_symlinks path/to/dir find_regex replacement_str

# (Dry run) fix all broken symlinks in the current dir (.) by replacing their
# target paths with John's home dir instead of Gabriel's.
fix_broken_symlinks . '/home/gabriel/some/dir' 'home/john/some/dir'

# Pass `-f` to force it to actually apply the changes
fix_broken_symlinks . '/home/gabriel/some/dir' 'home/john/some/dir' -f

从帮助菜单：

'fix_broken_symlinks' version 0.1.0

USAGE
    fix_broken_symlinks [options] <dir> [<find_regex> <replacement_string>]

DESCRIPTION

    Find all broken symlinks in directory 'dir', then extract the target paths they point to, search
    those paths for 'find_regex', and replace those findings with 'replacement_string'. Finally,
    recreate the symlinks as relative symlinks with those replacements to the target paths in
    place.

    If the 'find_regex' and 'replacement_string' are not provided, it will simply find and print out
    the broken symlinks as they currently are.

    All runs are dry-runs unless you use '--force'.

OPTIONS
    -h, -?, --help
        Print help menu
    -v, --version
        Print version information.
    --run_tests
        Run unit tests.
    -d, --debug
        Turn on debug prints.
    -f, --force
        Actually do the symlink replacements. With*out* this option, all runs are dry runs.

EXAMPLE USAGES:

    fix_broken_symlinks -h
        Print help menu.
    fix_broken_symlinks --help
        Print help menu.
    fix_broken_symlinks .
        Recursively find all broken symlinks in the current directory (.).
    fix_broken_symlinks . '/home/gabriel/some/dir' 'home/john/some/dir'
        (Dry run) fix all broken symlinks in the current dir (.) by replacing their target paths
        with John's home dir instead of Gabriel's.
    fix_broken_symlinks . '/home/gabriel/some/dir' 'home/john/some/dir' -f
        (Real run) fix all broken symlinks in the current dir (.) by replacing their target paths
        with John's home dir instead of Gabriel's. **Relative** symlinks will be created in the end.

我使用的其他工具有：

使用以下命令手动修复一次性损坏的符号链接：

注意：-n如果您要替换的符号链接是目录，则这是必需的。有关详细信息，请参阅以我的评论开头的讨论：如何“重新链接”大量损坏的符号链接？
```
# NB: **All** of these options are important, and what I want. See 'man ln' 
# for what each does.
ln -svnri target_path symlink_path
```
将所有符号链接从绝对符号链接转换为相对符号链接：
```
symlinks -rsvt .  # dry run
symlinks -rsvc .  # the real replacement
```
在 Ubuntu 中安装symlinks：
```
sudo add-apt-repository universe
sudo apt update
sudo apt install symlinks
```
看：https://www.makeuseof.com/how-to-find-and-fix-broken-symlinks-in-linux/

如何“重新链接”大量损坏的符号链接？

答案1

答案2

答案3

答案4

我写了一个`fix_broken_symlinks`bash脚本工具：

细节

我使用的其他工具有：

更多我的笔记

相关内容

答案1

答案2

答案3

答案4

我写了一个fix_broken_symlinksbash脚本工具：

细节

我使用的其他工具有：

更多我的笔记

相关内容

我写了一个`fix_broken_symlinks`bash脚本工具：