昨天我使用 apt 更新了我的计算机，然后走开让它运行。我最终离开了它几个小时。当我回来时，我看到它已经完成了，所以我关闭了终端并关闭了系统。当我稍后重新打开它时，它进入了登录屏幕，但从未显示桌面。只有黑屏和光标。我切换到 tty1，工作正常，只是 apt 无法更新并且无法连接到 wifi。我尝试在谷歌上搜索解决方案并运行journalctl -xe，结果显示网络管理器和 lightdm 都试图启动但失败。
以下是此问题开始之前已升级的软件包列表
fdisk:amd64 (2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.6, 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.7)
libpackagekit-glib2-18:amd64 (1.1.9-1ubuntu2.18.04.5, 1.1.9-1ubuntu2.18.04.6)
uuid-runtime:amd64 (2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.6, 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.7)
libfdisk1:amd64 (2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.6, 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.7)
gnupg-utils:amd64 (2.2.4-1ubuntu1.2, 2.2.4-1ubuntu1.3)
python-samba:amd64 (2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.18, 2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.19)
linux-libc-dev:amd64 (4.15.0-117.118, 4.15.0-118.119)
gpg-wks-client:amd64 (2.2.4-1ubuntu1.2, 2.2.4-1ubuntu1.3)
geogebra-classic:amd64 (6.0.604.0-202009091124, 6.0.606.0-202009222237)
gnupg-l10n:amd64 (2.2.4-1ubuntu1.2, 2.2.4-1ubuntu1.3)
libproxy1v5:amd64 (0.4.15-1, 0.4.15-1ubuntu0.1)
libproxy1v5:i386 (0.4.15-1, 0.4.15-1ubuntu0.1)
finalrd:amd64 (3~ubuntu18.04.0, 6~ubuntu18.04.1)
libwbclient0:amd64 (2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.18, 2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.19)
libmount1:amd64 (2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.6, 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.7)
libmount1:i386 (2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.6, 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.7)
samba:amd64 (2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.18, 2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.19)
libproxy1-plugin-gsettings:amd64 (0.4.15-1, 0.4.15-1ubuntu0.1)
samba-dsdb-modules:amd64 (2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.18, 2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.19)
python3-aptdaemon.gtk3widgets:amd64 (1.1.1+bzr982-0ubuntu19.3, 1.1.1+bzr982-0ubuntu19.4)
gpg-wks-server:amd64 (2.2.4-1ubuntu1.2, 2.2.4-1ubuntu1.3)
util-linux:amd64 (2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.6, 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.7)
gpg:amd64 (2.2.4-1ubuntu1.2, 2.2.4-1ubuntu1.3)
cifs-utils:amd64 (2:6.8-1ubuntu1, 2:6.8-1ubuntu1.1)
dirmngr:amd64 (2.2.4-1ubuntu1.2, 2.2.4-1ubuntu1.3)
mount:amd64 (2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.6, 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.7)
samba-libs:amd64 (2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.18, 2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.19)
libblkid1:amd64 (2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.6, 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.7)
libblkid1:i386 (2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.6, 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.7)
busybox-static:amd64 (1:1.27.2-2ubuntu3.2, 1:1.27.2-2ubuntu3.3)
libproxy-tools:amd64 (0.4.15-1, 0.4.15-1ubuntu0.1)
samba-common:amd64 (2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.18, 2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.19)
firefox-locale-en:amd64 (80.0.1+linuxmint1+tricia, 81.0+linuxmint1+tricia)
libuuid1:amd64 (2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.6, 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.7)
libuuid1:i386 (2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.6, 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.7)
mintdrivers:amd64 (1.4.1, 1.4.5)
gpgv:amd64 (2.2.4-1ubuntu1.2, 2.2.4-1ubuntu1.3)
libproxy1-plugin-networkmanager:amd64 (0.4.15-1, 0.4.15-1ubuntu0.1)
libsmartcols1:amd64 (2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.6, 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.7)
rfkill:amd64 (2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.6, 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.7)
python-aptdaemon:amd64 (1.1.1+bzr982-0ubuntu19.3, 1.1.1+bzr982-0ubuntu19.4)
libsmbclient:amd64 (2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.18, 2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.19)
smbclient:amd64 (2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.18, 2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.19)
samba-common-bin:amd64 (2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.18, 2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.19)
aptdaemon-data:amd64 (1.1.1+bzr982-0ubuntu19.3, 1.1.1+bzr982-0ubuntu19.4)
bsdutils:amd64 (1:2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.6, 1:2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.7)
libssl1.0-dev:amd64 (1.0.2n-1ubuntu5.3, 1.0.2n-1ubuntu5.4)
gnupg2:amd64 (2.2.4-1ubuntu1.2, 2.2.4-1ubuntu1.3)
code:amd64 (1.49.0-1599744551, 1.49.2-1600965325)
python3-aptdaemon:amd64 (1.1.1+bzr982-0ubuntu19.3, 1.1.1+bzr982-0ubuntu19.4)
gir1.2-packagekitglib-1.0:amd64 (1.1.9-1ubuntu2.18.04.5, 1.1.9-1ubuntu2.18.04.6)
firefox:amd64 (80.0.1+linuxmint1+tricia, 81.0+linuxmint1+tricia)
aptdaemon:amd64 (1.1.1+bzr982-0ubuntu19.3, 1.1.1+bzr982-0ubuntu19.4)
gnupg:amd64 (2.2.4-1ubuntu1.2, 2.2.4-1ubuntu1.3)
python-aptdaemon.gtk3widgets:amd64 (1.1.1+bzr982-0ubuntu19.3, 1.1.1+bzr982-0ubuntu19.4)
gpg-agent:amd64 (2.2.4-1ubuntu1.2, 2.2.4-1ubuntu1.3)
gpgconf:amd64 (2.2.4-1ubuntu1.2, 2.2.4-1ubuntu1.3)
libssl1.0.0:i386 (1.0.2n-1ubuntu5.3, 1.0.2n-1ubuntu5.4)
libssl1.0.0:amd64 (1.0.2n-1ubuntu5.3, 1.0.2n-1ubuntu5.4)
base-files:amd64 (19.0.1, 19.0.2)
gpgsm:amd64 (2.2.4-1ubuntu1.2, 2.2.4-1ubuntu1.3)
busybox-initramfs:amd64 (1:1.27.2-2ubuntu3.2, 1:1.27.2-2ubuntu3.3)
和这是输出（journalctl -x --since='2020-09-30'
pastebin 有上传限制，所以我必须修剪日志。我想我得到了有用的部分。很多 lightdm 页面都说它无法打开文件。）
答案1
如果您运行的是 Linux Mint 19 Tara，您可能会受到 上发布的问题的影响Linux Mint 博客并进行了深入的描述在论坛上。
总结相关论坛帖子：
该问题涉及基础文件 19.0.2 更新。包内容为空，更新它会导致创建/var/run directory，这应该是指向 的符号链接/run，从而阻止许多系统服务正确运行。
解决方案：
以恢复模式启动：
- 启动你的电脑
- 启动时按下Shift可强制显示启动菜单
- 选择 Linux Mint 19 的高级选项
- 选择“恢复模式”启动选项
- 当恢复菜单出现时，选择“root - Drop to root shell提示”
- 按回车键
然后您就可以输入命令。运行以下命令：
mount -o rw,remount / rm -rf /var/run ln -s /run /var/run重启。您的计算机现在应该可以正常启动并让您登录。
要彻底解决该问题，请打开终端并输入：
wget linuxmint.com/tmp/base-files_19.0.1_all.deb sudo dpkg -i base-files_19.0.1_all.deb