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如何知道一个过时的软件包是否被另一个软件包替换了？

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如何知道一个过时的软件包是否被另一个软件包替换了？

在安装mysql-serverRaspbian Buster 时，apt提示该功能mysql-server不可用并建议mariadb-server-10.0替换。

如何apt知道一个包是否被另一个包替换了？换句话说，在创建包的过程中应该在哪里设置这些信息？

Package mysql-server is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source
However the following packages replace it:
  mariadb-server-10.0

E: Package 'mysql-server' has no installation candidate

答案1

如果你运行apt show mariadb-server-10.3（我有更新的版本），你会看到这个：

Package: mariadb-server-10.3
Version: 1:10.3.27-0+deb10u1
Priority: optional
Section: database
Source: mariadb-10.3
Maintainer: Debian MySQL Maintainers <[email protected]>
Installed-Size: 66,6 MB
Provides: virtual-mysql-server
Pre-Depends: adduser (>= 3.40), debconf, mariadb-common (>= 1:10.3.27-0+deb10u1)
Depends: galera-3 (>= 25.3), gawk, iproute2, libdbi-perl, lsb-base (>= 3.0-10), lsof, mariadb-client-10.3 (>= 1:10.3.27-0+deb10u1), mariadb-server-core-10.3 (>= 1:10.3.27-0+deb10u1), passwd, perl (>= 5.6), psmisc, rsync, socat, debconf (>= 0.5) | debconf-2.0, libc6 (>= 2.28), libgnutls30 (>= 3.6.6), libpam0g (>= 0.99.7.1), libstdc++6 (>= 5.2), zlib1g (>= 1:1.2.0)
Recommends: libhtml-template-perl
Suggests: mailx, mariadb-test, netcat-openbsd, tinyca
Conflicts: mariadb-tokudb-engine-10.0, mariadb-tokudb-engine-10.1, mariadb-tokudb-engine-5.5, mysql-server-core-5.5, mysql-server-core-5.6, mysql-server-core-5.7, virtual-mysql-server
Breaks: cqrlog (<< 1.9.0-5~), mariadb-galera-server, mariadb-galera-server-10.0, mariadb-galera-server-5.5, mariadb-server-10.0, mariadb-server-10.1, mariadb-server-10.2, mariadb-server-5.5, mariadb-tokudb-engine-10.0, mariadb-tokudb-engine-10.1, mariadb-tokudb-engine-5.5, mysql-client-5.5, mysql-server-5.5, mysql-server-5.6, mysql-server-5.7
Replaces: mariadb-galera-server, mariadb-galera-server-10.0, mariadb-galera-server-5.5, mariadb-server-10.0, mariadb-server-10.1, mariadb-server-10.2, mariadb-server-5.5, mariadb-tokudb-engine-10.0, mariadb-tokudb-engine-10.1, mariadb-tokudb-engine-5.5, mysql-client-5.5, mysql-server-5.5, mysql-server-5.6, mysql-server-5.7, virtual-mysql-server
Homepage: https://mariadb.org/
Download-Size: 4 202 kB
APT-Manual-Installed: no
APT-Sources: http://ftp.cz.debian.org/debian buster/main amd64 Packages
Description: MariaDB database server binaries
MariaDB is a fast, stable and true multi-user, multi-threaded SQL database
server. SQL (Structured Query Language) is the most popular database query
language in the world. The main goals of MariaDB are speed, robustness and
ease of use.
.
This package includes the server binaries.

Replaces:以列表开头的行这个可以替代的软件包。

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