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将 multifasta 文件拆分为具有新标头的不同文件

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将 multifasta 文件拆分为具有新标头的不同文件

输入文件：131751_pphA.fasta

>ID:NDNDCOEC_02118 |[Genus species]|strain|PANS_1_2_annot.gbk|pphA|855|NODE_3_length_422941_cov_112.146787422941(422941):170566-171420:1 ^^ Genus species strain strain.|neighbours:ID:NDNDCOEC_02117(1),ID:NDNDCOEC_02119(1)|neighbour_genes:hypothetical protein,ntaA| | aligned:1-284 (284)
MIKKLIAEKGTLIFIEAHNPLSALIASKAEQTNSEGRIVKFDGIWSSSLTDSASRGIPDNETLALSSRLENIADIRNVTDMPIIMDADTGGKPEHFSYYVKRMINNGVNGVIIEDKTGLKKNSLFGTEVEQTLADINDFSEKIKRGKSAVYIDDFMIIARLESLIAGFDVEHALERADAYVEAGADGIMIHSCKKTPDEVFLFSTKFRKKYPSVPLICVPTTYSATSNRELSEAGFNVIIYANHMLRAAYKAMENVSKEILRYGRTAEIEKSCMSVKEIISLIP
>ID:KJDCINFB_03194 |[Genus species]|strain|PNA_1_5_annot.gbk|pphA|855|NODE_5_length_527105_cov_93.286545527105(527105):274765-275619:1 ^^ Genus species strain strain.|neighbours:ID:KJDCINFB_03193(1),ID:KJDCINFB_03195(1)|neighbour_genes:hypothetical protein,ntaA| | aligned:1-284 (284)
MIKKLIAEKGTLIFIEAHNPLSALIASKAEQTNSEGRIVKFDGIWSSSLTDSASRGIPDNETLALSSRLENIADIRNVTDMPIIMDADTGGKPEHFSYYVKRMINNGVNGVIIEDKTGLKKNSLFGTEVEQTLADINDFSEKIKRGKSAVYIDDFMIIARLESLIAGFDVEHALERADAYVEAGADGIMIHSCKKTPDEVFLFSTKFRKKYPSVPLICVPTTYSATSNRELSEAGFNVIIYANHMLRAAYKAMENVSKEILRYGRTAEIEKSCMSVKEIISLIP
>ID:LBFHNJKP_02554 |[Genus species]|strain|PANS_1_6_annot.gbk|pphA|855|NODE_4_length_527158_cov_95.108790527158(527158):251540-252394:-1 ^^ Genus species strain strain.|neighbours:ID:LBFHNJKP_02553(-1),ID:LBFHNJKP_02555(-1)|neighbour_genes:ntaA,hypothetical protein| | aligned:1-284 (284)
MIKKLIAEKGTLIFIEAHNPLSALIASKAEQTNSEGRIVKFDGIWSSSLTDSASRGIPDNETLALSSRLENIADIRNVTDMPIIMDADTGGKPEHFSYYVKRMINNGVNGVIIEDKTGLKKNSLFGTEVEQTLADINDFSEKIKRGKSAVYIDDFMIIARLESLIAGFDVEHALERADAYVEAGADGIMIHSCKKTPDEVFLFSTKFRKKYPSVPLICVPTTYSATSNRELSEAGFNVIIYANHMLRAAYKAMENVSKEILRYGRTAEIEKSCMSVKEIISLIP
>ID:GPMHBDBL_03046 |[Genus species]|strain|PNA_200_2_annot.gbk|pphA_2|855|NODE_4_length_530984_cov_86.347264530984(530984):275036-275890:1 ^^ Genus species strain strain.|neighbours:ID:GPMHBDBL_03045(1),ID:GPMHBDBL_03047(1)|neighbour_genes:hypothetical protein,ntaA| | aligned:1-284 (284)
MIKKLIAEKGTLIFIEAHNPLSALIASKAEQTNSEGRIVKFDGIWSSSLTDSASRGIPDNETLALSSRLENIADIRNVTDMPIIMDADTGGKPEHFSYYVKRMINNGVNGVIIEDKTGLKKNSLFGTEVEQTLADINDFSEKIKRGKSAVYIDDFMIIARLESLIAGFDVEHALERADAYVEAGADGIMIHSCKKTPDEVFLFSTKFRKKYPSVPLICVPTTYSATSNRELSEAGFNVIIYANHMLRAAYKAMENVSKEILRYGRTAEIEKSCMSVKEIISLIP

所需的输出：四个单独的输出文件：

PANS_1_2_pphA.fasta

>PANS_1_2_pphA
MIKKLIAEKGTLIFIEAHNPLSALIASKAEQTNSEGRIVKFDGIWSSSLTDSASRGIPDNETLALSSRLENIADIRNVTDMPIIMDADTGGKPEHFSYYVKRMINNGVNGVIIEDKTGLKKNSLFGTEVEQTLADINDFSEKIKRGKSAVYIDDFMIIARLESLIAGFDVEHALERADAYVEAGADGIMIHSCKKTPDEVFLFSTKFRKKYPSVPLICVPTTYSATSNRELSEAGFNVIIYANHMLRAAYKAMENVSKEILRYGRTAEIEKSCMSVKEIISLIP

PNA_1_5_pphA.fasta

>PNA_1_5_pphA
MIKKLIAEKGTLIFIEAHNPLSALIASKAEQTNSEGRIVKFDGIWSSSLTDSASRGIPDNETLALSSRLENIADIRNVTDMPIIMDADTGGKPEHFSYYVKRMINNGVNGVIIEDKTGLKKNSLFGTEVEQTLADINDFSEKIKRGKSAVYIDDFMIIARLESLIAGFDVEHALERADAYVEAGADGIMIHSCKKTPDEVFLFSTKFRKKYPSVPLICVPTTYSATSNRELSEAGFNVIIYANHMLRAAYKAMENVSKEILRYGRTAEIEKSCMSVKEIISLIP

PANS_1_6_pphA.fasta

>PANS_1_6_pphA
MIKKLIAEKGTLIFIEAHNPLSALIASKAEQTNSEGRIVKFDGIWSSSLTDSASRGIPDNETLALSSRLENIADIRNVTDMPIIMDADTGGKPEHFSYYVKRMINNGVNGVIIEDKTGLKKNSLFGTEVEQTLADINDFSEKIKRGKSAVYIDDFMIIARLESLIAGFDVEHALERADAYVEAGADGIMIHSCKKTPDEVFLFSTKFRKKYPSVPLICVPTTYSATSNRELSEAGFNVIIYANHMLRAAYKAMENVSKEILRYGRTAEIEKSCMSVKEIISLIP

PNA_200_2_pphA_2.fasta

>PNA_200_2_pphA_2
MIKKLIAEKGTLIFIEAHNPLSALIASKAEQTNSEGRIVKFDGIWSSSLTDSASRGIPDNETLALSSRLENIADIRNVTDMPIIMDADTGGKPEHFSYYVKRMINNGVNGVIIEDKTGLKKNSLFGTEVEQTLADINDFSEKIKRGKSAVYIDDFMIIARLESLIAGFDVEHALERADAYVEAGADGIMIHSCKKTPDEVFLFSTKFRKKYPSVPLICVPTTYSATSNRELSEAGFNVIIYANHMLRAAYKAMENVSKEILRYGRTAEIEKSCMSVKEIISLIP

multifasta 输入文件 ( 131751_pphA.fasta) 包含四个带标题的 fasta 序列。我想要四个输出文件，它们是单独的 fasta 序列，其名称和标头根据上述菌株命名。例如，输入 fasta 中的标头之一包含应变信息，如|strain|PANS_1_2_annot.gbk|pphA|。输出文件的名称应为 PANS_1_2_pphA.fasta，标头应为>PANS_1_2_pphA。

类似地，其他输出文件与
PNA_1_5_pphA.fastaheader >PNA_1_5_pphA
PANS_1_6_pphA.fastawith header >PANS_1_6_pphA
PNA_200_2_pphA_2.fastawith header>PNA_200_2_pphA_2

尝试了以下代码：

awk -F "|" '/^>/ {close(F); ID=$1; gsub("^>", "", ID); F=ID".fasta"} {print >> F}' 123764_pphA.fasta

产生具有以下名称的 fasta 输出文件：

ID:BKKCPFME_02840 .fasta  ID:EKPOMJAO_03222 .fasta  ID:HEIIBHGJ_01315 .fasta  ID:KBMOKBJB_03162 .fasta  ID:LECGKDGM_03166 .fasta

答案1

awk -F'|' '
    NR%2{ close(fileName); hdr=$4 $5; sub("annot.gbk", "", hdr); fileName=hdr".fasta";
          print ">"hdr >fileName; next; };
        { print >fileName; }' infile

答案2

一个非awk解决方案，假设在给定的示例中，文件必须每两行分割：


# split the file every 2 lines and save in files prefixed FOO.
split -l2 131751_pphA.fasta FOO.

# loop over the files
for f in FOO.*; do 
  # `awk` and `sed` to get the pattern to use as file name and first line, i.e "PANS_1_2_pphA"
  n=$(awk -F'|' '{ print $4$5 }' "$f" | \
    sed 's/annot\.gbk//')

  # copy the 2nd line of the file into a new file named as pattern+.fasta
  sed -n 2p "$f" > "$n.fasta"

  # add the pattern in the created file
  sed -i "1i>\\$n" "$n.fasta"

  # remove the splited files
  rm "$f"
done

$ cat PANS_1_2_pphA.fasta 
PANS_1_2_pphA
MIKKLIAEKGTLIFIEAHNPLSALIASKAEQTNSEGRIVKFDGIWSSSLTDSASRGIPDNETLALSSRLENIADIRNVTDMPIIMDADTGGKPEHFSYYVKRMINNGVNGVIIEDKTGLKKNSLFGTEVEQTLADINDFSEKIKRGKSAVYIDDFMIIARLESLIAGFDVEHALERADAYVEAGADGIMIHSCKKTPDEVFLFSTKFRKKYPSVPLICVPTTYSATSNRELSEAGFNVIIYANHMLRAAYKAMENVSKEILRYGRTAEIEKSCMSVKEIISLIP

答案3

awk -F '|' '
    /^>/ {
        close(out)
        head = $4
        sub("_[^_]*$","_" $5, head)
        $0 = ">" head
        out = head ".fasta"
    } { print >out }' 131751_pphA.fasta

这是相似的到αГsнιn 的回答但允许每个序列多于一行（这在通用 FastA 文件中是可能的）。

我还以稍微不同的方式修剪标题名称，修剪掉FastA 标题行第四个分隔字段中的文件名最后一个 (?)_之后的所有内容，并添加第五个字段。.gbk|

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