笔记本无法启动。我使用实时 USB Ubuntu 20.04 启动它并尝试挂载，/dev/sda5但收到此错误：
mount: /mnt: can't read superblock on /dev/sda5
所以我尝试了以下命令：
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 931,53 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Disk model: WDC WD10SPZX-21Z
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 8798743C-1711-4EC3-9829-F392872338D3
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 2048 206847 204800 100M EFI System
/dev/sda2 206848 239615 32768 16M Microsoft reserved
/dev/sda3 239616 408477642 408238027 194,7G Microsoft basic data
/dev/sda4 1951424512 1953521663 2097152 1G Windows recovery environment
/dev/sda5 408477696 1951424511 1542946816 735,8G Linux filesystem
Partition table entries are not in disk order.
我已经尝试过所提供的解决方案这里但我还没有成功。
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo mke2fs -n /dev/sda5
mke2fs 1.45.5 (07-Jan-2020)
Creating filesystem with 192868352 4k blocks and 48218112 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 9f522638-1d6a-451f-b608-dc03acd3250b
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 102400000
咨询过这里，我尝试了所有块：block 98304 * 4 = 393216，但没有成功。
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo mount -o sb=393216 /dev/sda5 /mnt
mount: /mnt: can't read superblock on /dev/sda5.
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo mount -o sb=655360 /dev/sda5 /mnt
mount: /mnt: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda5, missing codepage or helper program, or other error.
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo mount -o sb=917504 /dev/sda5 /mnt
mount: /mnt: can't read superblock on /dev/sda5.
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo mount -o sb=1179648 /dev/sda5 /mnt
mount: /mnt: can't read superblock on /dev/sda5.
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo mount -o sb=3276800 /dev/sda5 /mnt
mount: /mnt: can't read superblock on /dev/sda5.
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo mount -o sb=3538944 /dev/sda5 /mnt
mount: /mnt: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda5, missing codepage or helper program, or other error.
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo mount -o sb=6422528 /dev/sda5 /mnt
mount: /mnt: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda5, missing codepage or helper program, or other error.
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo mount -o sb=10616832 /dev/sda5 /mnt
mount: /mnt: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda5, missing codepage or helper program, or other error.
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo mount -o sb=16384000 /dev/sda5 /mnt
mount: /mnt: can't read superblock on /dev/sda5.
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo mount -o sb=31850496 /dev/sda5 /mnt
mount: /mnt: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda5, missing codepage or helper program, or other error.
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo mount -o sb=44957696 /dev/sda5 /mnt
mount: /mnt: can't read superblock on /dev/sda5.
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo mount -o sb=81920000 /dev/sda5 /mnt
mount: /mnt: can't read superblock on /dev/sda5.
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo mount -o sb=95551488 /dev/sda5 /mnt
mount: /mnt: can't read superblock on /dev/sda5.
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo mount -o sb=286654464 /dev/sda5 /mnt
mount: /mnt: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda5, missing codepage or helper program, or other error.
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo mount -o sb=314703872 /dev/sda5 /mnt
mount: /mnt: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda5, missing codepage or helper program, or other error.
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo mount -o sb=409600000 /dev/sda5 /mnt
mount: /mnt: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda5, missing codepage or helper program, or other error.
之后我又跑了e2fsck3天，没有成功。
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo e2fsck -f -y -v -c -b 32768 /dev/sda5
e2fsck 1.45.5 (07-Jan-2020)
Error reading block 1149 (Input/output error). Ignore error? yes
Force rewrite? yes
Superblock has an invalid journal (inode 8).
Clear? yes
*** journal has been deleted ***
Resize inode not valid. Recreate? yes
Error reading block 1117 (Input/output error) while reading inode and block bitmaps. Ignore error? yes
Force rewrite? yes
Error reading block 1133 (Input/output error) while reading inode and block bitmaps. Ignore error? yes
Force rewrite? yes
Error reading block 1118 (Input/output error) while reading inode and block bitmaps. Ignore error? yes
Force rewrite? yes
Error reading block 1134 (Input/output error) while reading inode and block bitmaps. Ignore error? yes
Force rewrite? yes
Error reading block 1119 (Input/output error) while reading inode and block bitmaps. Ignore error? yes
Force rewrite? yes
Error reading block 1120 (Input/output error) while reading inode and block bitmaps. Ignore error? yes
Force rewrite? yes
Error reading block 1122 (Input/output error) while reading inode and block bitmaps. Ignore error? yes
错误dmesg：
[217797.911529] ata1: EH complete
[217807.220171] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[217807.220191] ata1.00: irq_stat 0x40000001
[217807.220198] ata1.00: failed command: READ DMA EXT
[217807.220203] ata1.00: cmd 25/00:08:d8:e0:98/00:00:18:00:00/e0 tag 24 dma 4096 in
res 51/40:08:d8:e0:98/00:00:18:00:00/e0 Emask 0x9 (media error)
[217807.220220] ata1.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
[217807.220225] ata1.00: error: { UNC }
[217812.260182] ata1.00: qc timeout (cmd 0xec)
[217812.260211] ata1.00: failed to IDENTIFY (I/O error, err_mask=0x5)
[217812.260222] ata1.00: revalidation failed (errno=-5)
[217812.260240] ata1: hard resetting link
[217812.575276] ata1: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 310)
[217818.410875] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
[217818.410924] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#24 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE cmd_age=20s
[217818.410936] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#24 Sense Key : Medium Error [current]
[217818.410945] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#24 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error - auto reallocate failed
[217818.410955] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#24 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 18 98 e0 d8 00 00 08 00
[217818.410960] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 412672216 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
[217818.411029] ata1: EH complete
[217821.396529] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[217821.396556] ata1.00: irq_stat 0x40000001
[217821.396568] ata1.00: failed command: READ DMA EXT
[217821.396575] ata1.00: cmd 25/00:08:d8:e0:98/00:00:18:00:00/e0 tag 20 dma 4096 in
res 51/40:08:d8:e0:98/00:00:18:00:00/e0 Emask 0x9 (media error)
[217821.396604] ata1.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
[217821.396612] ata1.00: error: { UNC }
[217826.592096] ata1.00: qc timeout (cmd 0xec)
[217826.592112] ata1.00: failed to IDENTIFY (I/O error, err_mask=0x5)
[217826.592116] ata1.00: revalidation failed (errno=-5)
[217826.592122] ata1: hard resetting link
[217826.908977] ata1: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 310)
[217845.710563] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
[217845.710611] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#20 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE cmd_age=27s
[217845.710624] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#20 Sense Key : Medium Error [current]
[217845.710632] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#20 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error - auto reallocate failed
[217845.710641] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#20 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 18 98 e0 d8 00 00 08 00
[217845.710647] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 412672216 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
[217845.710670] Buffer I/O error on dev sda5, logical block 524315, async page read
[217845.710722] ata1: EH complete
[217861.384383] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[217861.384409] ata1.00: irq_stat 0x40000001
[217861.384420] ata1.00: failed command: READ DMA EXT
[217861.384428] ata1.00: cmd 25/00:08:d8:e0:98/00:00:18:00:00/e0 tag 0 dma 4096 in
res 51/40:08:d8:e0:98/00:00:18:00:00/e0 Emask 0x9 (media error)
[217861.384457] ata1.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
[217861.384465] ata1.00: error: { UNC }
[217866.528299] ata1.00: qc timeout (cmd 0xec)
[217866.528326] ata1.00: failed to IDENTIFY (I/O error, err_mask=0x5)
[217866.528335] ata1.00: revalidation failed (errno=-5)
[217866.528352] ata1: hard resetting link
[217866.843346] ata1: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 310)
[217885.732336] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
[217885.732383] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE cmd_age=40s
[217885.732395] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 Sense Key : Medium Error [current]
[217885.732404] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error - auto reallocate failed
[217885.732414] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 18 98 e0 d8 00 00 08 00
[217885.732419] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 412672216 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
[217885.732442] Buffer I/O error on dev sda5, logical block 524315, async page read
[217885.732492] ata1: EH complete
[217895.039725] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[217895.039750] ata1.00: irq_stat 0x40000001
[217895.039761] ata1.00: failed command: READ DMA EXT
[217895.039769] ata1.00: cmd 25/00:08:60:e0:98/00:00:18:00:00/e0 tag 1 dma 4096 in
res 51/40:08:60:e0:98/00:00:18:00:00/e0 Emask 0x9 (media error)
[217895.039797] ata1.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
[217895.039806] ata1.00: error: { UNC }
[217900.067695] ata1.00: qc timeout (cmd 0xec)
[217900.067710] ata1.00: failed to IDENTIFY (I/O error, err_mask=0x5)
[217900.067715] ata1.00: revalidation failed (errno=-5)
[217900.067723] ata1: hard resetting link
[217900.383017] ata1: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 310)
[217919.221200] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
[217919.221247] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#1 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE cmd_age=33s
[217919.221260] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#1 Sense Key : Medium Error [current]
[217919.221269] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#1 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error - auto reallocate failed
[217919.221279] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#1 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 18 98 e0 60 00 00 08 00
[217919.221285] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 412672096 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
[217919.221353] ata1: EH complete
在这个话题介绍了如何在分区中找到扇区偏移量以安全地将块归零，但我没有信心继续进行。
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda5
smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-linux-5.11.0-27-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Western Digital Blue
Device Model: WDC WD10SPZX-21Z10T0
Serial Number: WD-WXS1A877RJED
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 6081e1249
Firmware Version: 02.01A02
User Capacity: 1.000.204.886.016 bytes [1,00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
Form Factor: 2.5 inches
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ACS-3 T13/2161-D revision 5
SATA Version is: SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 1.5 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Wed Nov 10 02:11:30 2021 UTC
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: FAILED!
Drive failure expected in less than 24 hours. SAVE ALL DATA.
See vendor-specific Attribute list for failed Attributes.
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 7680) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x71) SMART execute Offline immediate.
No Auto Offline data collection support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
No Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 223) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x3035) SCT Status supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 001 001 051 Pre-fail Always FAILING_NOW 19950
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 194 187 021 Pre-fail Always - 1258
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 092 092 000 Old_age Always - 8733
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 200 200 140 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 093 093 000 Old_age Always - 5258
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 1222
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x0032 001 001 000 Old_age Always - 31491
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 44
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 181 181 000 Old_age Always - 59346
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 104 098 000 Old_age Always - 39
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 198 198 000 Old_age Always - 441
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0008 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 219 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
CR = Command Register [HEX]
FR = Features Register [HEX]
SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
ER = Error register [HEX]
ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
Error 219 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 5257 hours (219 days + 1 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 02 02 a8 03 e0 Error: UNC 2 sectors at LBA = 0x0003a802 = 239618
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
c8 00 02 02 a8 03 e0 08 2d+00:46:14.317 READ DMA
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 2d+00:46:14.316 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ef 03 46 00 00 00 a0 08 2d+00:46:14.316 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 2d+00:46:14.212 IDENTIFY DEVICE
Error 218 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 5200 hours (216 days + 16 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 08 00 28 03 e0 Error: UNC 8 sectors at LBA = 0x00032800 = 206848
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
c8 00 08 00 28 03 e0 08 02:27:11.836 READ DMA
e5 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 02:27:11.836 CHECK POWER MODE
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 02:27:11.835 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ef 03 46 00 00 00 a0 08 02:27:11.825 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 02:27:11.704 IDENTIFY DEVICE
Error 217 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 5200 hours (216 days + 16 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 08 00 28 03 e0 Error: UNC 8 sectors at LBA = 0x00032800 = 206848
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
c8 00 08 00 28 03 e0 08 02:26:57.401 READ DMA
e5 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 02:26:57.400 CHECK POWER MODE
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 02:26:57.384 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ef 03 46 00 00 00 a0 08 02:26:57.384 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
Error 216 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 5200 hours (216 days + 16 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 08 80 27 03 e0 Error: UNC 8 sectors at LBA = 0x00032780 = 206720
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
c8 00 08 80 27 03 e0 08 02:26:15.363 READ DMA
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 02:26:15.349 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ef 03 46 00 00 00 a0 08 02:26:15.337 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 02:26:15.223 IDENTIFY DEVICE
Error 215 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 5200 hours (216 days + 16 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 08 80 27 03 e0 Error: UNC 8 sectors at LBA = 0x00032780 = 206720
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
c8 00 08 80 27 03 e0 08 02:26:03.763 READ DMA
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 02:26:03.762 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ef 03 46 00 00 00 a0 08 02:26:03.759 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 02:26:03.630 IDENTIFY DEVICE
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged. [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
我没有备份一些文件，所以我需要找到一种方法来恢复硬盘驱动器，有什么想法吗？
答案1
您可能做过的最糟糕的事情就是尝试在损坏的硬件上运行文件系统修复。您很有可能已经丢失了数据（在尝试修复故障驱动器上的文件系统期间，文件系统的剩余部分被不可逆转地损坏）。然而，可能仍有选择要做。
一般来说，当你看到输入/输出错误在任何操作和相应的dmesg消息说明此 I/O 错误是由于 SATA 的某些问题造成的，您立即停止使用该设备。严格禁止任何可能向设备发出写入的活动。例如，在这种情况下，您购买另一个磁盘，尝试转储那里的剩余数据（使用ddrescue或类似的东西），然后尝试使用该转储提取剩余数据。只运行FSCK当您确定存储设备状况良好时，在你的情况下显然不是——甚至 SMART 本身也说失败。您只能在测试模式下启动它而无需编写任何内容（使用-n），并且检查本身的 I/O 负载仍然可能杀死设备而没有机会恢复，因此不鼓励这样做。
（我想明确指出，这并非特定于 Linux 和计算，而是适用于一切— 在您的医生说您的骨头正常生长之前，您不会去健身房。）
现在，你必须倾倒您的整个设备到一些备份存储，克隆备份并启动文件系统检查在那个克隆上。我知道你需要足够的自由空间。如果您不确定如何继续，请停止并将这项工作交给专业人员。
为了避免将来出现这种情况，您知道，您必须进行备份并持续监控存储设备的运行状况。
答案2
可怕的超级块，我已经遇到过这个问题一百万次，但只有几次我真正丢失了数据。
我不得不用谷歌搜索这个，因为我的磁盘完全是虚拟世界，并且很长一段时间不需要这样做，但这些说明是我过去成功修复的方法。基本上使用替代超级块来运行 fsck。
http://erikimh.com/linux-recover-corrupted-partition-from-a-bad-superblock/